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Although the management of malnutrition is a priority in older people, this population shows a resistance to refeeding. Fresh bee pollen contains nutritional substances of interest for malnourished people. The aim was to evaluate the effect of fresh bee pollen supplementation on refeeding efficiency in old malnourished rats. Male 22-month-old Wista...
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Background
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Citations
... Bee Pollen contains antioxidant compounds which are useful for increasing the body's endurance and improving performance (Emilia et al., 2017). Bee Pollen contains polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids (Salles et al., 2014). As a result, it can be assumed that with the many ingredients in Bee Pollen which are beneficial for health, Bee Pollen can be given and consumed, especially in this aspect, namely as a support for recovery of blood pressure and also immunity which will later have an impact on the quality of performance. ...
Exercise is an activity that is carried out systematically, and has been programmed, cyclical, regular and carried out several times using the capacity given progressively and has the aim of preparing itself in the development of individual quality to achieve certain goals. Pulse rate is an indicator that is needed by a person to know and carry out physical exercise properly. Energy is needed during physical exercise to move muscles and organs. To support the acceleration of recovery Bee Pollen contains antioxidant compounds useful for accelerating recovery back to normal. The method used is a quantitative method with the type of research Quasi Experiment. The research design is using a pre-posttest control group design. From the results of the study, it is proven that the research hypothesis (H0) will be returned and (Ha) is recognized or it can be interpreted that there is a significant difference between two or more groups or the average condition of pulse rate reduction over time. It has been proven that there is a significant difference in supplementing Bee Pollen from both experimental and control groups for pulse rate recovery after submaximal exercise. so that the experimental group has a better recovery process compared to the control. This study shows that there is a significant effect of supplementing Bee Pollen in the experimental group on pulse rate after submaximal exercise and there is a significant difference in the effects of both experimental and control groups on heart rate after submaximal exercise.
... Tracer incorporation time was 50 min in both groups. A 50-mg piece of plantaris muscle was used to isolate and hydrolyze total mixed proteins as previously described [9,16,[22][23][24]. After derivatization, L-[ 13 C 6 ] phenylalanine enrichments in hydrolyzed proteins and in tissue fluid were assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Hewlett-Packard 5971A; Hewlett-Packard Co., Palo Alto, CA, USA). ...
Aging is associated with a decline in muscle mass and function, leading to increased risk for mobility limitations and frailty. Dietary interventions incorporating specific nutrients, such as pea proteins or inulin, have shown promise in attenuating age-related muscle loss. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pea proteins given with inulin on skeletal muscle in old rats. Old male rats (20 months old) were randomly assigned to one of two diet groups for 16 weeks: a ‘PEA’ group receiving a pea-protein-based diet, or a ‘PEA + INU’ group receiving the same pea protein-based diet supplemented with inulin. Both groups showed significant postprandial stimulation of muscle p70 S6 kinase phosphorylation rate after consumption of pea proteins. However, the PEA + INU rats showed significant preservation of muscle mass with time together with decreased MuRF1 transcript levels. In addition, inulin specifically increased PGC1-α expression and key mitochondrial enzyme activities in the plantaris muscle of the old rats. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with pea proteins in combination with inulin has the potential to attenuate age-related muscle loss. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and determine the optimal dosage and duration of intervention for potential translation to human studies.
... Interestingly, it was recently shown that PDK4 overexpression is sufficient to induce C2C12 myotube atrophy whereas PDK4 blockade increases myotube size [40]. These regulations suggest that the decrease in insulinemia in response to UND [17] might be compensated for by increasing skeletalmuscle insulin sensitivity. ...
... Interestingly, it was recently shown that PDK4 overexpression is sufficient to induce C 2 C 12 myotube atrophy whereas PDK4 blockade increases myotube size [40]. These regulations suggest that the decrease in insulinemia in response to UND [17] might be compensated for by increasing skeletal-muscle insulin sensitivity. ...
... Previous research reported that 50% dietary restriction for 12 weeks was associated with a significant decrease in both fat mass and lean mass from old rats [17,18]. The UND protocol used here in old rats therefore logically affected the mass of several tissues including skeletal muscle. ...
... Interestingly, it was recently shown that PDK4 overexpression is sufficient to induce C2C12 myotube atrophy whereas PDK4 blockade increases myotube size [40]. These regulations suggest that the decrease in insulinemia in response to UND [17] might be compensated for by increasing skeletalmuscle insulin sensitivity. ...
... Interestingly, it was recently shown that PDK4 overexpression is sufficient to induce C 2 C 12 myotube atrophy whereas PDK4 blockade increases myotube size [40]. These regulations suggest that the decrease in insulinemia in response to UND [17] might be compensated for by increasing skeletal-muscle insulin sensitivity. ...
... Previous research reported that 50% dietary restriction for 12 weeks was associated with a significant decrease in both fat mass and lean mass from old rats [17,18]. The UND protocol used here in old rats therefore logically affected the mass of several tissues including skeletal muscle. ...
Aging is associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function termed sarcopenia. Various metabolic alterations that occur with aging also increase the risk of undernutrition, which can worsen age-related sarcopenia. However, the impact of undernutrition on aged skeletal muscle remains largely under-researched. To build a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related sarcopenia, we characterized the undernutrition-induced changes in the skeletal muscle proteome in old rats. For this study, 20-month-old male rats were fed 50% or 100% of their spontaneous intake for 12 weeks, and proteomic analysis was performed on both slow- and fast-twitch muscles. Proteomic profiling of undernourished aged skeletal muscle revealed that undernutrition has profound effects on muscle proteome independently of its effect on muscle mass. Undernutrition-induced changes in muscle proteome appear to be muscle-type-specific: slow-twitch muscle showed a broad pattern of differential expression in proteins important for energy metabolism, whereas fast-twitch muscle mainly showed changes in protein turnover between undernourished and control rats. This first proteomic analysis of undernourished aged skeletal muscle provides new molecular-level insight to explain phenotypic changes in undernourished aged muscle. We anticipate this work as a starting point to define new biomarkers associated with undernutrition-induced muscle loss in the elderly.
... It is a potentially fatal clinical syndrome characterized by acute metabolic disorders that occurs after hunger and high calorie refeeding (27). Currently, almost all existing RFS models are either time consuming (the food intake of each rat needs to be calculated by subtracting the remaining food and excrement from its initial weight) (28), high cost (rats were refed with two fresh pollen-enriched diets) (29), or tedious (electrolytes/ minerals intake per day for rats were calculated exactly) (30). We developed a new RFS animal model using LPS ip and diet control. ...
Background:
Myocardial injury induced by refeeding syndrome (RFS) is one of the important causes of deterioration in critically ill patients. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) has been shown to regulate mitochondrial autophagy in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury; however, the role of mitochondrial autophagy on RFS-related myocardial injury in patients in critical condition has not been reported on.
Methods:
Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each group): the control group; the standard calorie refeeding (SCR) group; and the low calorie refeeding (LCR) group. The rats were weighed every third or four days from day 1 to day 14. On day 14, all rats were anesthetized and received an echocardiography test. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected and tested for arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cardiac troponin 1 (cTnI), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. The histopathological change of hearts and lungs were evaluated, and lung injury score was calculated. Mitochondrial autophagy related proteins (including Beclin1, LC3, mitofusin-2, Mfn2, PINK1, Parkin, and SIRT3) were analyzed using a Western blot. To evaluate the effect of SIRT3, 20 rats were divided into 2 groups (n=10 each group): The adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9-Nc) group; and the AAV9-SIRT3 overexpression (AAV9-SIRT3) group. The protocols for rats were the same as the SCR group since day 22 after injection of AAV9. The protein expressions of PINK1, Parkin, and SIRT3 were compared between the AAV9-Nc group and AAV9-SIRT3 group.
Results:
SCR caused significant decline in cardiac contractility and increased inflammatory cell infiltration in myocardial tissue. Meanwhile, Beclin1, LC3, PINK1, Parkin, and SIRT3 levels decreased, while Mfn2 showed no significant change. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were also found between SIRT3 and P, PINK1, and Parkin, and significant negative correlations were found between SIRT3 and CK-MB, LDH, and cTnI. Overexpression of SIRT3 activated the PINK1/Parkin mediated mitochondrial autophagy.
Conclusions:
SIRT3 has an essential role in RFS-related myocardial injury during LPS induced chronic sepsis in rats, probably via regulating mitochondrial autophagy.
... Bee pollen improved cognitive impairment induced by cholinergic blockade in mice (Liao et al., 2019). Diets containing bee pollen improved muscle mass and metabolism in old undernourished rats (Salles et al., 2014). Bee pollen exerted a protective role against diabetes-induced pituitary testicular axis dysfunction in rats, what may be attributed to the improved insulin secretion and β cell function as well as to the enchancement of the testicular antioxidant defense system . ...
Background
Humanity has benefited from bee products over the centuries for treating and preventing various illnesses, and apitherapy has been employed in several countries as a complementary medicine. This review aimed to discuss scientific research and clinical trials using bee products and their relationship with apitherapy.
Methods
Scientific researches based on studies carried out in vitro using different cell cultures, and in vivo studying mice or other experimental animals are discussed. Clinical trials using bee products are also documented.
Results
The most common applications of bee products in apitherapy are presented, as well as cases of allergy to bee products and apitherapy for treating allergies. Standardization of bee products and their use in research and apitherapy are discussed.
Conclusion
Apitherapy is practiced in some parts of the world, bringing benefits for healthy individuals and patients, with no clear consensus on its application according to the world regions or a prevalent use of bee product and treated disease. Different recommendations regarding the use of bee products are found and people ingest different amounts of bee products once or several times a day. Although we have advanced a lot about the knowledge of bee products, it is imperative to exploit their potential and standardize their use, communicating the results in scientific and alternative events to reinforce the exchange of information between beekeepers, researchers, apitherapists, nutritionists, physicians, sellers and consumers of bee products. If not, we will always be working separately, without complementing our expertise.
... O pólen de abelha melhorou o comprometimento cognitivo induzido pelo bloqueio colinérgico em camundongos (Liao et al., 2019). Dietas contendo pólen de abelha melhoraram a massa muscular e o metabolismo em ratos velhos desnutridos (Salles et al., 2014). O pólen de abelha exerceu um papel protetor contra a disfunção do eixo testicular pituitário induzida por diabetes em ratos . ...
Os produtos apícolas têm sido utilizados há séculos por vários povos para o tratamento de diversas enfermidades. Nos dias atuais, seu consumo vem aumentando, seja na forma de suplementos para prevenção ou tratamento de doenças, seja como nutracêuticos. As pesquisas sobre as propriedades dos produtos apícolas também cresceram nas últimas décadas, com consequente aumento do interesse pela apiterapia, que atualmente integra o rol de atividades de medicina complementar de vários países. Experimentos realizados in vitro e in vivo, bem como ensaios clínicos, têm demonstrado que esses produtos podem ser indicados para o tratamento de várias enfermidades ou associados a tratamentos convencionais para manutenção da saúde. Visando estabelecer uma ponte entre apicultores, apiterapeutas e pesquisadores, este livro apresenta informações sobre os produtos apícolas, as evidências científicas de seu uso pelas abelhas e pelo homem e as aplicações desses produtos na apiterapia.
... 6,8,9,10 Adanya aktivitas antibakteri dan kandungan nutrisinya yang tinggi, membuat polen lebah sering ditambahkan dalam berbagai suplemen 11 dan digunakan sebagai ajuvan dalam berbagai terapi. 12,13 Sampai saat ini, belum ada informasi mengenai aktivitas antibakteri polen lebah terhadap Salmonella typhi. Bakteri ini merupakan penyebab demam tifoid pada manusia. ...
Polen lebahmerupakan serbuk sari bunga atau bagian tumbuhan lainnya yang dikumpulkan oleh lebah madu pejantan dari berbagai tumbuhan. Produk ini diketahui memiliki berbagai aktivitas farmakologi, diantaranya sebagai antimikroba terhadap beberapa bakteri Gram positif, Gram negatif dan jamur. Sampai saat ini, belum ada informasi mengenai aktivitas antibakteri polen lebah terhadap Salmonella typhi, penyebab demam tifoid pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri beberapa produk polen lebah dari Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia terhadap S. typhi NCTC786 BCC712. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tahap pengujian aktivitas antibakteri produk polen lebah, penentuan nilai Konsentrasi Hambat Tumbuh Minimum (KHTM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM) produk polen lebah teraktif dan penentuan nilai banding aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap kloramfenikol.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga produk mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. typhi NCTC786 BCC712, dengan aktivitas terbesar ditunjukkan oleh produk ketiga. KHTMdan KBM dari produk polen lebah terhadap S. typhi NCTC786 BCC712 masing-masing sebesar 137,5 mg/mL dan140 mg/mL.Nilai banding aktivitas antibakteri produk tersebut terhadap dengan kloramfenikol sebesar 1 : 0,0562. Hal ini menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri produk polen lebah ketiga terhadap S. typhi NCTC786 BCC712 lebih lemah dibanding kloramfenikol.
... The dynamic of muscle mass loss in old age is quite complex. While insulin resistance triggers protein catabolism in skeletal muscle [15,75], chronically low protein intake severely impair tissue nitrogen balance, protein content, and the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation in old age resulting in muscle wasting [41,133]. Furthermore, protein-deficiency malnutrition induces and exacerbates numerous age-related physiological alterations that affect the structure and function of skeletal muscle such as protein metabolism and immune response [133]. ...
... While insulin resistance triggers protein catabolism in skeletal muscle [15,75], chronically low protein intake severely impair tissue nitrogen balance, protein content, and the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation in old age resulting in muscle wasting [41,133]. Furthermore, protein-deficiency malnutrition induces and exacerbates numerous age-related physiological alterations that affect the structure and function of skeletal muscle such as protein metabolism and immune response [133]. Unhealthy diets (e.g., high fat diet) promote systemic inflammation by triggering gut dysbiosis while lipid molecules directly activate signaling involved in oxidative stress and inflammation [134]. ...
... g of protein/kg body weight/day while the need for protein in sarcopenic individuals is even greater (1.2-1.5 g/kg body weight/day) [41,46,138]. Older individuals are resistant to refeeding i.e., recovering their nutritional deficiency is slower and more difficult than in younger ages [133]. Moreover, muscle anabolism in the elderly depends not only on the amount of protein consumed but also on its quality as determined by its source and speed of its rate of absorption [129,130]. ...
The tremendously rising numbers of aged populations are associated with a heightened risk for motor and functional declines. Sarcopenia is an active age-related process that involves progressive losses of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle function. Muscle failure is a major cause of frailty, disability, falls, hospitalization, dependency, institutionalization, and low quality of life in older seniors. Therefore, sarcopenia considerably heightens the annual cost of care worldwide. This narrative review elaborates on sarcopenia as a deleterious condition in old age while spotting the light on its association with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It discusses its pathophysiology and the most possible options for preventing and treating sarcopenia. The literature shows that the dynamic of sarcopenia is complex, involving multifaceted physiological alterations relevant to aging, unhealthy behaviors (e.g., undernutrition or inadequate dietary intake and physical inactivity/immobility or sedentary lifestyle), and multiple pathogenic conditions such as metabolic, inflammatory, and endocrinal disorders. Frail individuals express nutritional deficiencies, immune deficit, oxidative stress, metabolic alterations, gut microbial alterations, neurological insult, etc. Such physiological dysfunctions are closely linked to increased vulnerability to COVID-19 among older adults and people with non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, and obesity. Available studies report higher occurrence of severe COVID-19 and COVID-19-related complications (ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality) among frail compared with non-frail and prefrail individuals. Effective pharmacological treatments of sarcopenia are not currently available. However, physical activity and nutritional interventions (e.g., fast digestive proteins, vitamin D, and natural products such as bee products) may prevent the development of sarcopenia in early stages of the disease or limit disease progress. Such interventions may also lower vulnerability to COVID-19.
... Bee pollen has antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anticarcinogenic activity, cardioprotective effects, hepatoprotective effects, antiallergic activity and it boosts the immune system (Li et al., 2018). A diet supplemented with bee pollen strengthens muscles and improves the physical health of humans (Salles et al., 2014). Bee pollen also benefits those undertaking strenuous mental/physical work (Nakajima et al., 2009). ...
A new analytical method for determining environmental pesticide residues in pollen was introduced and validated. The extraction was conducted using acetonitrile, the clean-up using Supelclean Ultra 2400 solid phase extraction cartridges, which contain Grapsphere, anion exchanger, C18 and zirconia-based sorbent, and the determination was conducted using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The method was applied in practice. A total of 49 active substances (pesticides) were sought in 30 bee pollen samples gathered from Slovenian beekeepers from all 12 statistical regions of Slovenia. The fungicide azoxystrobin was the only active substance found and was found only in one sample with a concentration of < 0.05 mg kg-1. The active substances sought were not detected in 96.7 % of the samples analysed. The risk assessment revealed that the analysed pollen samples do not represent an unacceptable risk for consumers. The results were compared with those from the literature and the outcome was that bee pollen from Slovenia contained a lower number of active substances at mainly lower contents as compared pollen from some other European countries.
