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The postoperative analgesic effects of firocoxib in ovariohysterectomized cats were observed. Twenty-four cats were divided into 3 groups: control (no medicine), firocoxib-1 (1 mg/kg/day) and firocoxib-3 (3 mg/kg/day). Colorado pain scale scores (CPSS), composite pain scores (CPS), and buccal mucosal bleeding times (BMBT) were recorded in blinded f...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... pain scale scores were determined after reviewing the pain criteria against a 4 point scale in 0.5 increments (Table 1), where 0 is no pain at all and 4 is the worst pain [12]. Composite pain scores [1] ranging from 0 to 21 were assessed using 0 as normal and 21 as the worst pain (Table 2). Composite pain score is the sum of the individual scores from 7 assessments: temperament (0-4); appearance (0-3); body posture (0-2); unprovoked behavior (0-3); interactive behavior (0-4); movement (0-2); and vocalization (0-3). ...
Citations
... Post-operative pain assessment of all cats were recorded by the same blinded investigator in the 72-hr postoperative period at intervals of baseline (2 hr prior to induction), 2, 8, 24, 30, 48 and 72 hr. Assessment of postoperative pain was performed using Colorado pain scale scores of 0-4 [8,18]. A score of 0 is no pain at all. ...
... Composite pain scores on a scale of 0-21 also were assessed in the present study [5,6], where 0 is normal and 21 is the worst pain. The composite pain score is the sum of the scores from 7 indexes: temperament (0-4); appearance (0-3); body posture (0-2); unprovoked behavior (0-3); interactive behavior (0-4); movement (0-2); and vocalization (0-3) [18]. ...
... In the present study, cats that received robenacoxib had significantly reduced post-operative pain after ovariohysterectomy compared to those in the control group. Interestingly, firocoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor similar to robenacoxib, has been shown to be effective for post-operative pain control in cats [18]. In the present study, the efficacy of a non-selective COX inhibitor (tolfenamic acid) and a selective COX-2 inhibitor (robenacoxib) for post-operative pain control in cats was compared. ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a non-selective COX inhibitor (tolfenamic acid) and a selective COX-2 inhibitor (robenacoxib) for post-operative pain control in cats. Thirty cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy were randomly divided into three groups: the control (placebo) group, the tolfenamic acid (4 mg/kg/day) group, and the robenacoxib (1 mg/kg/day) group. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were administered orally 2 hr before anesthesia induction and 24 and 48 hr post-operation. Buccal mucosal bleeding times (BMBTs) were assessed prior to anesthesia induction. Colorado pain scores and composite pain scores were evaluated in a blinded fashion before induction and 2, 8, 24, 30 and 48 hr post-operation. The Colorado pain scores of cats receiving robenacoxib were significantly lower than those of cats in the control group at 30 (P=0.0126) and 48 (P=0.0439) hr post-operation. The composite pain scores of cats from the robenacoxib group were lower than those of cats in the control group at 30 (P=0.0299) and 48 (P=0.01030) hr post-operation. The Colorado pain scores of cats receiving tolfenamic acid were significantly lower than those of cats in the control group at 30 hr (P=0.0186) post-operation. The composite pain scores in cats in the tolfenamic acid group were lower than the scores of cats in the control group at 24 (P=0.0403) and 48 (P=0.0413) hr post-operation. BMBTs remained within normal limits in all groups. Both tolfenamic acid and robenacoxib are useful for post-operative pain control in cats.
Canine orthopaedic surgery is always associated with varied degree of pre-operative and post-operative pain, and the assessment of pain in canine is not easy as in humans. This study was carried out in 36 cases of long bone fracture in dogs and which was further managed with locking compression plate and bone substitute. Thirty-six animals were randomly divided into three groups and in each group carprofen and firocoxib used as analgesic in 6 animals to know the analgesic effect of drugs in orthopaedic surgery. Pain assessment in the dogs was carried out using objective assessments, including the Hansen score card and lameness scoring. Result showed no significant differences in the scores between the groups at all measured intervals in behavior and biological variables of Hansen score card. Values of lameness scoring gradually decreased from day 7 to day 90 in all groups of Carprofen and Firocoxib treated group in present study. Values of lameness scoring were found non-significant between groups but differed significantly within groups at different intervals. Based on these, two scoring system there was no significant difference was found between analgesic effect of Carprofen and Firocoxib for pain management in canine orthopaedic cases. However, further study is required for scoring system alongwith it physiological parameters should be correlated and validate to know the effect of the analgesic and its comparison.
Cats are popular pets worldwide, and many owners are concerned about keeping their cats healthy and happy. However, many cat owners are unaware of the risks associated with using over-the-counter medications, which can lead to pet poisoning. Poisoning can occur when owners give their cats medications that have not been prescribed by a veterinarian or when prescribed medications are not administered correctly. Symptoms of poisoning in cats may include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, seizures, and even death. To prevent poisoning in cats, it is essential for owners to understand the importance of following veterinarian instructions when administering medications. Additionally, owners should be cautious when administering human medications to their cats, as many human medications are toxic to animals. Cat owners should also be aware of signs of poisoning in their pets and seek immediate medical help if they suspect their cat has ingested an inappropriate medication. Therefore, cat owners should be aware of the risks associated with using over-the-counter medications and take measures to prevent their pets from being poisoned. Medication administration for cats should only be done under the care of a veterinarian, and owners should always monitor their pets for signs of poisoning. In this sense, the objective was to construct a quick and scientific guide for consultation on the main toxic agents known to cause feline poisoning and indicate possible antidotes and treatments. To accomplish this goal, an integrative literature review was carried out, seeking important information for the toxicologist veterinarian in updated articles and books.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of cats undergoing open cystotomy with those undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for removal of cystic calculi by use of a composite outcome score.
Methods
Twenty-eight cats were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups: open cystotomy (n = 14) and MIS (n = 14). The primary outcome measure was a composite outcome score, including three variables: pain scores ⩾2 at either 6 or 12 h postoperatively; failure to remove all stones as determined by postoperative radiographs; and postoperative complications requiring a visit to the hospital separate from the planned suture removal appointment. Other data collected included signalment, history, other procedures performed during anesthesia, willingness to eat the day after surgery and the financial cost of the procedures.
Results
There was no significant difference in age, weight, sex or breed between the two groups. The risk of experiencing the composite outcome was 3/14 (21.4%) in the MIS group and 10/14 (71%) in the open procedure group ( P = 0.02). The cats in the open surgery group had 8.3 times greater odds of developing the composite outcome than cats in the MIS group (odds ratio 8.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3–74.4; P = 0.02). In the MIS group, 10/14 cats were eating the day after surgery vs 3/14 in the open procedure group ( P = 0.02). The procedural cost was higher in the MIS group, with a median cost of US$945 (interquartile range [IQR] US$872–1021) vs US$623 (IQR US$595–679) in the open group ( P <0.01).
Conclusions and relevance
In this study the composite outcome score provided evidence to support the use of MIS techniques in cats with cystic calculi. The composite outcome score should be considered in future veterinary studies as a promising method of assessing clinically relevant outcomes.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of mechanical thresholds (MT), measured with the SMALGO (Small Animal ALGOmeter), and to determine whether there was a correlation between MT and Glasgow Feline Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS–Feline) scores in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Methods
Client-owned cats undergoing flank ovariohysterectomy were recruited. Pain scores for the pre- and postoperative periods were obtained using the CMPS-Feline in each cat by two independent investigators (A and B). Following CMPS–Feline scoring, MT were measured with the SMALGO, in the surgical area, pre- and postoperatively, only by investigator A. Each cat served as its own control for the comparison of pre- and postoperative variables. Reliability statistics were used to assess the level of inter-observer agreement (A vs B) with respect to pre- and postoperative CMPS–Feline scores, while Spearman’s correlation statistics were used to analyse the relationship between MT and CMPS–Feline scores.
Results
Twenty-nine cats completed the study. Preoperative MT (340 g [range 108–691]) were significantly higher than postoperatively (233 g [range 19–549]; P = 0.001). CMPS–Feline scores were not found to differ significantly between the preoperative period (2 [range 0–7] for investigator A and 3.2 ± 2.3 for investigator B) and postoperative period (2 [range 0–10] for investigator A and 3 [range 0–8] for investigator B) for either investigator. Reliability statistics revealed that the level of inter-observer agreement with respect to CMPS–Feline was fair for the preoperative assessments but poor for the postoperative evaluations. There was no correlation between MT and CMPS-Feline scores.
Conclusions and relevance
Although there was no correlation with CMPS–Feline scores performed at the same timepoint, MT increased postoperatively vs baseline. Assuming that, despite analgesia, susceptibility of the surgical area to mechanical stimulation would increase after surgery, this finding suggests that MT might be useful to assess feline surgical pain. The poor level of inter-observer agreement with respect to postoperative CMPS–Feline scores highlights the potential limitations of this scale.
