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Source publication
This article proposes a continuous inspection method to assess the journey safety
applied to aerial cable vehicles of mass transportation—a type of detachable gondola
lift in terms of commercial operation in an urban area, specifically referring to the
device coupling assembly on the track rope. The inspection method has been
developed on the basis...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... cable grip has the function of clamping (during interstations trip) and releasing (during transit inside the stations) the aerial cable car to and from the track rope, provid- ing the clamping force needed to cancel the relative movements between the aerial cable car and the track rope, especially in sections of track with extreme slopes (Bryja & Knawa, 2011). Figure 1 shows the main elements of the cable grip, defined as the set of basic structural elements. ...
Context 2
... of the known devices complies with the requirements outlined in this article since the installation of the devices requires that the system has to be stopped and then, there are no measurements in operation. This work proposes (i) the instrumentation of the cable grip of each aerial cable car to automatically and continuously inspect the magnitude of the clamping force in the whole circuit, travelled by the aerial cable car during the commercial operation of the system; (ii) the automatic evaluation of the journey safety condition, for implementing an urban transport system of the lift type, which creates a high demand for service and high frequency of maintenance routines. In this way, it is intended to replace the manual process of the systems safety variables with an automated and continuous assessment. The proposed inspection method is feasible to be applied to a mass transportation system, because it uses sensors (strain gauge arrays) of easy installation (Degasperi, 1999), which record reliable signals, and uses wireless devices that do not interfere with the commercial operation of the system. This study has been applied to passenger aerial cable cars, which operate in the city of Medell ın (Colombia). The transport system is similar in design and construction to those used for tourist passenger transports in winter regions (e.g., Daemyung, Korea, La Clusaz, France, Donovaly, Slovakia) (Sever, 2002); it has been manufactured by Pomagalski/ France, since 2004. This was the first time an aerial cable was used for urban purpose, completely different from a tourist purpose (Mizuma, 2004). Therefore, the transport system is required on extreme levels that have not been supported by similar systems, causing highly elevated wear rats (Hoffmann, 2006); it will be hence the aerial cable transportation system with highest level of demand, in terms of wear hours of components and service (Martinod et al., 2014). Table 1 presents the overall technical characteristics of the object of study. The cable grip has the function of clamping (during interstations trip) and releasing (during transit inside the stations) the aerial cable car to and from the track rope, provid- ing the clamping force needed to cancel the relative movements between the aerial cable car and the track rope, especially in sections of track with extreme slopes (Bryja & Knawa, 2011). Figure 1 shows the main elements of the cable grip, defined as the set of basic structural elements. The development focuses on the study of the recorded load states exerted on one of the components of the cable grip, called “moving jaw.” This element allows the grip and release of the clamp onto the track rope and operates in conjunction with two coil springs and a fixed jaw. The whole set is articulated through a main shaft, holding the aerial cable car due to the force of the springs (Doppelmayr, 1998). The moving jaw is made of 36NiCrMo16 material with HB350-390 hardness and resistance to stress of 850 MPa, according to the material ...
Citations
... For cable cars to be reliable, cable car operators must maintain the quality and safety of the complete equipment [17,18]. All control work should be based on a proactive prediction of critical failures, using appropriate reliability models such as, for example, failure trees [19] or simulation models [20]. ...
The basic questions that arise when maintaining an automated electric drive relate to the safety and reliability of the elements in operation. The maintenance strategy of these elements is planned to start from the basic facts related to the plant’s importance, type and purpose. The main purpose of maintenance is the timely detection of a fault and its elimination, i.e. ensuring continuous operation of the plant. In this work, the operation of the cable car was analyzed by monitoring the reliability of the electric drive. An analysis of the significance of reliability coefficients is a potentially new method for maintenance planning. The aim of the research was to define a new strategy for the maintenance of the facility and ensure the maximum safety of skiers through the analysis of previous events. Research is based on coefficients that indicate the reliability, frequency of failures, availability and unavailability of the elements that make up a drive. The essence of the conducted research is based on a new strategy for planning and maintaining such a facility, aiming to ensure skiers’ safety and protection.
... They move in an exclusive cable corridor in the aerial space avoiding any interference with ground level transit systems. They have a speed of approximately 22 to 27 km per hour, depending on the technology used [11] and [12]. They can operate safely in extreme weather conditions, under a wind speed limit of 70 to 100 km per hour. ...
... Both systems are considered to provide high safety. The operating conditions of cable cars have been studied extensively [12], [17], [18], [18], [19], and [21] [21]. However cable cars are sensitive to meteorological conditions, mainly to strong winds and storms. ...
Transport sector bears a significant share of responsibility for today’s society environmental issues. In this context, transport ought to include sustainable design principles in the early stages of development of each project. The present work examines an alternative proposal for Metropolitan Athens urban transport, introducing an innovative solution that has recently emerged, urban cable cars. Through literature study and the review of other cities’ best practices, cable cars’ technical characteristics as well as favourable and limiting factors are analysed. A new cable car line is proposed as a partial alternative to line 4 of the Athens metro, which construction has been announced to begin soon. The area of interest covers Zografou and Kaisariani Municipalities, located just a throw stone away from the center of Athens. Comparison factors include capacity, travel time, accessibility, safety, construction time and cost, operating and maintenance costs, environmental impacts, social acceptance and travel quality. Results indicate that cable cars provide sufficient capacity for the specific area offering many environmental advantages and also better coverage, lower cost (both construction and maintenance), lower energy consumption and better travel quality. On the other hand, Athens metro line 4 is evaluated as over-designed according to the expected ridership. As the latest developments in technology show, cable cars are sustainable means of transport with great potential within the urban fabric, under certain circumstances. The contribution of this work relies on revealing alternative solutions to cities’ transit problems, which in terms of environmental design can be resolved without the need to invest in large-scale projects such as metros.
... Gondola cable cars specifically in northern hemisphere as well as in harsh weather conditions across the globe need additional consideration in terms of safe operation. Considering the accidents and near misses in cable cars due to icing, strong wind, corrosion, component failure and sensor malfunctions it is important to develop standard operating procedures focused on safety strategies [64][65][66]. ...
The scope of this study comprehends problems associated with modern urban vehicles known as cable propelled gondolas system operations in icing conditions. The aspects under consideration are problems related to the operations, safety, and maintenance of cable car systems in harsh climate conditions. The geographical location of the gondola cars makes them vulnerable to severe weather conditions especially in cold climates of the northern hemisphere, where icing on its components is an operational, maintenance, and safety concern. The harsh climate conditions can cause unadorned malfunctions posing a threat to the integrity the of system as well as a high risk to human safety. The study basis on the identification of these problems in operational, maintenance and safety domain including implications the industry faces in the form of severe accidents costing precious lives and lost capital. Furthermore, it incorporates the ice detection, anti/de-icing approaches as well as the safety strategies in use nowadays. The massive increase in operations and dynamic climate conditions gondola cars require serious attention. This study unsheathes serious underlying problems that severely affect the gondola operations, makes them prone to major maintenance shutdowns and poses high risk to structural and human safety. The identified problems in this study and severity of risks draw attention to need for practicable solutions incorporating de-icing and ice removal techniques for safe operation of gondolas in cold climates saving time, effort, inconvenience, and prodigious lost capital.
... The operation of stationary and mobile aerial ropeways is associated with the risk of occurrence and development of emergency situations that lead to a negative impact on the transported people or transported goods [6,11]. Forecasting and analysis of the risk of such accidents in the operation of the main parts, systems or ropeways in general, as a rule, is based on application of the well-known method of fault trees [12][13]. ...
... The hydraulic subsystem. The structural elements leading to critical failure: hydraulic pump P (h 1,1 ), hydraulic motor HM (h 1,2 ), hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism of installing and fixing the end tower in the working position HC1 (h 1,3 ), hydraulic cylinder of the rope pulley orientation mechanism HC2 (h 1,4 ), hydraulic reservoir HR (h 1,5 ), pressure safety valve SV (h 1,6 ), filter F (h 1,7 ), gate directional control valve DV1 (h 1,8 ), directional control valve of the carrying-traction rope movement mechanism DV2 (h 1,9 ), directional control valve of the mechanism of installing and fixing the end tower in the working position DV3 (h 1,10 ), directional control valve of rope pulley orientation mechanism DV4 (h 1,11 ), air intake filter AF (h 2,5 ), throttle valves of the carrying-traction rope movement mechanism TV1, TV2 (h 2,6 ), throttle valve of the mechanism for installing and fixing the end tower in the working position TV3 (h 2,7 ), throttle valve for rope pulley orientation mechanism TV4 (h 2,8 ), line connection state of the main technological equipment and the rope system, the formation of the necessary control actions. In addition to these subsystems of both selfpropelled rope units, the structure of the mobile ropeway also includes a rope system that provides kinematic communication of self-propelled units and the cargo movement. ...
A promising type of cargo vehicles are mobile ropeways formed by autonomous self-propelled rope units connected by a common cable transport system. The article presents a method for predicting the kinetics of the reliability indicators of the ropeway as a whole, individual rope units and their subsystems, taking into account the timing and volume of planned repairs. This method is advisable to use at the design stage of rope units, as it allows one to simulate the stage of their operation and provide the required level of reliability based on proactive replacement of structural elements that have reached the maximum permissible probability of critical failure. The method makes it possible to solve a number of important technical and economic problems related to operation of units and ropeways, including the development of an optimal strategy for their planned repairs, which has a minimum cost.
... The ropeway lines belong to a fleet of passenger cable cars comprised of a gondola-type aerial cable on a continuous cycle . All lines are similar in design and construction to those used for passenger tourist transports in winter regions, but serve completely different functions than those for tourists (Martinod et al. 2015). They are comprised by four lines: ...
Urban public transport systems influence the infrastructure of urban areas and the lives of their inhabitants while directly stimulating the economy. Intelligent urban public transport systems help to improve the quality of life and the environment in cities. The rapid development of urban transport solutions has led to a large number of operators entering the market, thus preventing a global optimum. These discrete optimisations, without any articulation between transport operators, avoid the identification of a global optimum. As a result, the inefficient operation of urban public transport systems does not necessarily reduce the environmental cost. To address these challenges, this thesis proposes a methodology associated with mathematical models developing optimisation approaches for multimodal public transport networks, for achieving the best service policy while minimising operation costs in order to satisfy the principle of sustainability, frequently expressed in urban development goals.
... Costs. The external costs include the social and environmental impact costs of the container transportation network [99] [79]. The second is the coordination and optimization of the internal links of the container logistics network, including nodes, transport channels and modes of transport, and even by the node group. ...
In recent years, environmental issues are highly associated with the transport industry, modes of goods transport become more than contribution as largest between other sectors. Despite the benefits of intermodal transport, it still has negative impacts, which are associated with emission. However, pollution has become interesting between academic and industrial sectors. Thus, to mitigate the negative impacts caused by goods transport, that gains more and more relevance in the logistics domain. To meet these issue and challenges, to identify the contributions that green logistics to the optimization of freight transport, the increase the efficiency of the multimodal transport platform related optimization operations.The optimal operating of container transport is particularly important where goods transport in an environmentally way can be achieved by combining different modes of transport and coordinating activities such as finding the shortest path. In the multimodal container transport system, the selection of the transport mode and route has a large effect on the transport container transport process. In this thesis, to organize multimodal transport in a more efficient manner the container routing factor is considered along with the path factor of transport mode. The influence of the uncertain characteristics of the node operation on the transport mode and route choice in the process of converting the transport mode from containerized multimodal transport is studied. To minimize the total cost, an integer mixed programming model with time constraints is introduced. The graphical transformation is used to transform the problem into the shortest path model with random characteristics and transport time constraints in the node operations. By verifying and analyzing the results, the path obtained is acceptable from a cost and time perspective. Thus, this reducing traffic congestion and minimizing emissions. In the context of traffic congestion and emissions reduction, in this thesis a platoon technology is proposed to improve to reduce fuel consumption, road flexibility and optimize container transport operations. In this thesis, a ropeway system for the transport of small-scale goods is proposed and analyzed to reduce the traffic congestion within the urban area.The research concluded to optimization multi-modal transport platforms aims to reduce negative impacts on the environment and maximize profitability maximizing the services offered that minimize the total transportation cost as well as minimize the transportation time between each pair of Origin-Destination (O-D) nodes in the transport network. This work also contributes to reducing carbon dioxide emissions by decreasing consumption fuels and reducing operating costs. Based on this work, more effective and efficient container transport platforms can be achieved. This thesis introduces the theoretical base of optimal of multi-modal transport which can integration between different modes. Meanwhile, it contributes to logistics of multi/inter-modal transport efficiency.
... The ropeway lines belong to a fleet of passenger cable cars comprised of a gondola-type aerial cable on a continuous cycle (Martinod et al., 2014). Both lines are similar in design and construction to those used for passenger tourist transports in winter regions, but serve completely different functions than those for tourists (Martinod et al. 2015). They are comprised by four lines: (i) Línea K provides mobility to the northeaster district of the city since 2004. ...
This work presents an approach to model the behaviour of urban public transport networks for optimizing the service policy, which includes the effect of mobility constraints on health emergency for pandemic cycles. During health emergencies, local governments strongly use two regulatory policies for contain a disease spreading: (i) social distancing and (ii) restriction of social interaction; these regulatory policies thoroughly affect the urban mobility. We propose the optimization of a stochastic discrete-event model based on a passenger demand analysis by means: (i) a numeric model of a multimodal network considering interdependencies and asymmetries of passengers; (ii) an integration of the regulatory policies for health emergency; and (iii) a process for optimizing the passengers waiting time cost. This work is applied to an actual metropolitan transport network comprised of metro, tramway, and ropeway lines.
... since 2004, providing continuous service 360 day a year, 7 days a week, 20 hours a day. The object of study is a gondola-type aerial cable system running on a continuous cycle, see Figure 5(b), mono-cable (simple ring) with a detachable release clamp device (Martinod et al., 2015). Table AI shows the overall technical characteristics of the object of study. ...
... Daemyung, Korea; La Clusaz, France; Donovaly, Slovakia) (Estepa et al., 2014), but it does not share the tourist purpose of these other examples (Mizuma, 2004). Therefore, the transport system in question is required at high levels of service demand that have not been supported by similar systems, causing highly elevated wear rates (Hoffmann, 2006); it will be hence the aerial cable transportation system with highest level of demand, in terms of wear hours of components and service (Martinod et al., 2015). ...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a stochastic optimisation model for integrating service and maintenance policies in order to solve the queuing problem and the cost of maintenance activities for public transport services, with a particular focus on urban ropeway system.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopt the following approaches: a discrete-event model that uses a set of interrelated queues for the formulation of the service problem using a cost-based expression; and a maintenance model consisting of preventive and corrective maintenance actions, which considers two different maintenance policies (periodic block-type and age-based).
Findings
The work shows that neither periodic block-type maintenance nor an age-based maintenance is necessarily the best maintenance strategy over a long system lifecycle; the optimal strategy must consider both policies.
Practical implications
The maintenance policies are then evaluated for their impact on the service and operation of the transport system. The authors conclude by applying the proposed optimisation model using an example concerning ropeway systems.
Originality/value
This is the first study to simultaneously consider maintenance policy and operational policy in an urban aerial ropeway system, taking up the problem of queuing with particular attention to the unique requirements public transport services.
... This numerical application considers the fleet of a massive urban transport system with the following characteristics (Martinod et al., 2015): (i) gondola-type aerial cable, (ii) a continuous cycle, (iii) mono-cable (simple ring), and (iv) detachable release-clamp device (see Table 2). The aerial ropeway system is a télécabine-type system, with a pulling cable constantly revolving in one direction. ...
... (i) a set of safety components are the detachable grips, these components have the function of clamping (during inter-station trips) and releasing (during transit inside the stations) the vehicle when to Martinod et al. Computers & Industrial Engineering xxx (2018) xxx-xxx and from the track rope, by providing the clamping force needed to attach the vehicle to the track rope during the journey (Martinod et al., 2015). The detachable grips are a part of the vehicles (there is one of them per gondola). ...
This article proposes a stochastic optimisation model in order to reduce the long-term total maintenance cost of complex systems. The proposed work is based on the following approaches: (i) optimisation of a cost model for complex multi-component systems consisting of preventive and corrective maintenance using reliability analysis, which faces two different maintenance policies (periodic block-type and age-based) and (ii) a clustering method for maintenance actions to decrease the total maintenance cost of the complex system. This work evaluates each maintenance policy and measures the effects on imperfect maintenance actions. Finally, the proposed optimisation model is applied to a numerical example which focuses on passenger urban aerial ropeway transport systems, in which the current maintenance policy has been evaluated, considering the established by the international regulation of passenger aerial cable cars.
