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![Figure 1.1: Basic description of a PEMFC [5].](profile/Abdul-Al-Lafi/publication/268420889/figure/fig1/AS:654066606686223@1532953039533/Basic-description-of-a-PEMFC-5_Q320.jpg)
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Ion irradiation has been investigated as a route for the preparation of mechanically stable and highly durable cross linked sulphonated PEEK for fuel cell application. Ion irradiation was carried out using the University of Birmingham’s Scanditronix MC-40 Cyclotron operating at 11.7 MeV for H+ and 30 MeV for He2+ and the irradiated materials were c...
Citations
... This method has been proposed to prepare cross-linked sulfonated PEEK without affecting its degree of sulfonation [30]. Figure 4 shows the FTIR spectra of the solid products obtained by adding different ratios of reducing agents to the methanol solutions of SPEEK samples having an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 2.53 meq g −1 . ...
Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) stands as both a high-performance and low-cost polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) that is the focus of many recent researches as a promising candidate to replace Nafion® membranes in potential applications such as fuel cells and redox flow batteries. In this work, the effects of various membrane treatments including washing, reduction of the carbonyl groups, and drying were investigated. The possibility of cross-linking PEEK and SPEEK without affecting the final degree of sulfonation (DS) was achieved by the use of carbonyl-selective reducing reagents, i.e. sodium borohydride. The modified PEEK samples did not dissolve in concentrated sulfuric acid and sulfonation occurred in the solid phase, which might indicate the co-occurrence of cross-linking reactions through the newly formed hydroxyl groups. Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy indicated the formation of ether links between the SPEEK polymer chains. In addition, the effects of thermal drying and washing of the SPEEK membranes were investigated and the conditions of cross-links formations were optimized. It is recommended to start with high DS PEMs when SPEEK membranes are applied in harsh environments such as fuel cells. This is due to the loss of active protons via both thermal and oxidative mechanisms, which will eventually lead to deterioration in membrane properties including conductivity and mechanical integrity.
... Schematic Representation of a PEMFC[2].The importance and role of each of the component with respect to heat and water management, electron and proton transport is discussed below.a. Polymer electrolyte membraneProton exchange membrane is one of the prime components of the PEMFC. ...
A fully functional proton exchange membrane fuel cell with single land channel geometry on the cathode and segmented anode current collector with 9 mm2 active area with a 350μm spatial resolution was utilized to measure the local current distribution in the land channel direction. A distinguished printed circuit board approach was used for the data acquisition to adapt to any flow field design. Performance of this segmented cell was examined at dry, wet and moderate humidity settings to study the water transport phenomenon in the PEMFC. In the dry condition at 60 ͦ C with 0% relative humidity, the non-uniform water production and dehydrated membrane revealed high current localization under the land region. Conversely, in the wet condition at 60 ͦ C with 80% relative humidity, due to the severe flooding in the catalyst layer resulted in very small limiting current density under the channel region. Individual segment performance analysis for the moderate settings at 60 ͦ C with 60% relative humidity displayed the uniform current distribution at higher cell potential whereas irregular local current generation at low cell voltages due to higher water accumulation under the land region.
... where W was the polymer dried weight in g, M SPS and M PS were the molecular weights of the repeat units of sulphonated PS and SPS, (183 and 102 g, respectively). 19 Due to ion uptake, dry sulphonated PS was transferred into solutions of metal sulphate with a concentration of 1,000 ppm. The concentration of the solution was measured using a double-beam UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, type UV-1601). ...
Sulphonation of expanded polystyrene waste with commercial sulphuric acid for potential use in removal of heavy metals from contaminated waters stupanj sulfonacije. Sposobnost sulfoniranog polistirena da preuzima neke otrovne metalne ione procijenjena je prema omjeru sulfonacije: Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cr 3+ .
