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Complications of surgery.
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Objectives: To review the pattern of thyroid tumor, demographic data of the patients, sensitivity, and specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology; Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy at King Fahad Hospital of the University between 1982 and 2008. Data were analyzed...
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Background
The term ‘incidental’ thyroid cancer is a term applied to a very small, unsuspected
cancer identified incidentally on pathologic examination of thyroid tissue removed
for benign disease.
Aim
The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of incidental thyroid carcinoma (ITC) after
thyroidectomy for benign thyroid lesions with its different patho...
Prediction of thyroid malignancy with fine needle aspiration cytology or individual ultrasound characteristics has several limitations. This study evaluates the usefulness of a combination of ultrasound characteristics in predicting malignancy in patients with thyroid nodules. We assessed 189 thyroid nodules using ultrasonography and histology. Eac...
Citations
... Neck mass was the most common presenting clinical manifestation in the studied population (64.6%), which corresponds with the Ali M. et al. study [13]. On contrary, according to Alshareef B. et al. study the most common clinical manifestation was local compression symptoms [8]. ...
Background
Thyroid disorders are one of the most common endocrine disorders. Thyroid disorders are highly prevalent in the Saudi population. There are many approaches to treat thyroid disorders, varying from conservative to surgical, depending on the severity of each condition. There are many indications for surgical management of thyroid diseases, including carcinoma, hyperthyroidism, and local compression symptoms.
Materials and methods
This is a retrospective study included subjects operated upon for a thyroid disorder over 6 years period in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia.
Results
The clinical manifestations and postoperative characteristics of the patients are given in Table 2. It can be observed that the most dominant clinical presentation was neck mass (76.4%), while the most common indication of surgery was the suspicion of cancer (54.5%). Furthermore, the most common histopathology was papillary thyroid cancer (41.8%), whereas the most common complication after the surgery was hypocalcemia (9.1%). Likewise, total thyroidectomy was the most commonly sought surgical intervention (70.9%). Additionally, Bethesda class III constitutes 35.1%, while Bethesda class II constitutes 29.7%.
Conclusion
Suspicion of cancer was the most prominent indication for surgical intervention. The most prevalent postoperative complications were hypocalcemia. Furthermore, papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most common histological findings, which raises several questions since it contrasts with previous studies done in Saudi Arabia. We believe that the number of thyroid procedures in our region is underreported, and more research is needed to validate this.
... Thyroid cancer treatment entails many modalities such as radical thyroidectomy, radioactive ablation and hormonal replacement therapy to antagonize thyroid-stimulating hormone. Recently new therapeutic modalities have been invented concentrating on specific mutation pathways and intranuclear gene regulation [11]. The current study took place in a tertiary care hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, aiming to review malignant goiter patients with regards to their nature, demographic characterization, clinical presentation and preoperative histopathological data obtained by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). ...
Introduction:
the aim of this retrospective study is to review patients with malignant goiter, as regards their nature, demographic characterization, clinical presentation and preoperative histopathological data.
Methods:
the study focused on a period of 4 years from December 2015 to January 2019. Patients´ demographic data, clinical presentation, Intra-operative findings, Pre and postoperative histopathological staging and grading were all recorded. Postoperative follow up whether early or late were also included.
Results:
a total of 100% (n = 65) patients underwent surgery. The female to male ratio was found to be 5:1 (48 females and 17 males). Solitary nodule was the main clinical presentation in 80% (n = 52) of cases while 20% (n = 13) were multinodular swellings. Papillary carcinoma was recorded in 80% (n = 52) of patients while in 15.4% (n =10) of patients were having follicular carcinoma. The remaining 4.6% (n = 3) suffered of lymphoma; no medullary or anaplastic tumors were reported.
Conclusion:
thyroid cancer is the most commonly encountered endocrinal malignancy at our institute. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) showed a high percentage of reliability in diagnosing thyroid cancer among our series. It is recommended to adapt this technique in initial screening of goiter patients in our local setting.
... 8,9,10 Thyroid cancer treatment entails many modalities such as; radical thyroidectomy, radioactive ablation and hormonal replacement therapy to antagonize thyroid stimulating hormone 9. Recently new therapeutic modalities have been evolved concentrating on speci c mutation pathways and intranuclear gene regulation 11 . The current study aimed to review patients with goiter, as regards, their nature, demographic characterization, clinical presentation and preoperative histopathological data obtained by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). ...
Background: Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of malignant goiters among adolescents and adults.
Aim: The aim of this work is to review patients with goiter, as regards, their nature, demographic characterization, clinical presentation and preoperative histopathological data obtained by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). It also aimed to review; the operative data and post-operative histopathological pattern of all patients from a tertiary care hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the current retrospective study was designed to evaluate the nature, line of management and outcomes of malignant goiter in the same geographical region.
Patient and Methods: The study took place in a period of 4 years from December 2015 to January 2019. Patients demographic data, clinical presentation, Intra-operative findings. Pre and postoperative histopathological staging and grading were all recorded. postoperative follow up whether early or late were also included.
Results: A total of 65 patients underwent surgery. The female to male ratio was found to be 5:1 (48 females and 17 males). Patients’ age ranged from 8 to 70 year with the mean of 34.4 ±11.7 (mean ± SD). Solitary nodule was the main presentation in 80% of cases while 20% were multinodular swellings. Symptoms of increased thyroid hormone functions were recorded in 13 patients (20%). Papillary carcinoma was recorded in 52 patients (80%) while 10 patients were having follicular carcinoma. The remaining three patients (4.6%) suffered of lymphoma, no medullary or anaplastic tumors were recorded.
Conclusion: Thyroid cancer is quiet high among Saudi patients within the Eastern Province, the reason needs to be thoroughly investigated. Papillary type of carcinoma is the most commonly encountered pathological type of malignancy followed by follicular carcinoma and lymphoma. Further prospective and meta analytic studies may be needed for a more accurate and thorough assessment of the reasons that led to the increasing number of thyroid malignancies and their correlation to environmental factors.
... In this study, nodular colloid goiter accounted for 68.5%, being the most common pathologic presentation. According to the literature, benign thyroid diseases are more common than malignancies while colloid goiter is the common cause of thyroid disease in the world (1,2,3,5,10). ...
... Possible explanations include; during the study period, the hospitals pathology unit was functioning well and the other possible reason is as the hospital is teaching center, difficult cases are handled frequently. The histological pattern is similar to other reports in Africa (1,2,3,5,10). But, in most developed countries, papillary thyroid cancer predominates (11).This could be attributed to the fact that follicular neoplasms arise from long standing multinodular goiters in endemic areas (1,8,12,13). ...
... The rate of complications of thyroid surgery in our studywas in acceptable ranges as per textbook recommendations and compared to other studies (4,5,10) . This could be attributed to strict adherence to standard surgical techniques and safe anesthesia. ...
Background:
Thyroid disease is a common disorder of the endocrine system worldwide. It is a common problem in developing countries, including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the burden and the pattern of thyroid disease in St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods:
A retrospective review of patients' medical records over a two-year period, January 2013-december 2014, was done. OR log books, and individual patient medical records was used for the review. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 20.
Results:
A total of 2201 general surgical operations were done in a two-year period. Of these, 250(11%) were for thyroid surgery. Records of 222(88.8%) patients were found and used for analysis. Females accounted for 91.4% with F: M ratio of 10.7:1. The common mode of presentations were anterior neck swelling (91.4%) and toxic (29.7%) and pressure symptoms(19.4%). The common physical findings identified were multi nodular goiter (57.2%), diffuse goiter (23.9%) and solitary nodule (5.8%). FNAC showed that Nodular colloid goiter was common diagnosis (68.5%). Neoplasms accounted for 15.9% of the diagnosis; of this follicular neoplasm make (54%) and papillary cancer (20%). Functionally, hyperthyroid goiter 28.8% and euthyroid goiters (64 %). Transient hypocalcaemia (3.2%) and hoarseness of voice (1.8%) were the commonest complications. There was no postoperative mortality.
Conclusion:
Hyperthyroidism and neoplasms make significant proportions of the patients. Follicular neoplasm is the commonest tumor. Morbidity and mortality rates are comparable to the literature.
... Background: Thyroid diseases are one of the most prevalent endocrinopathies globally (1) . Most of the thyroid diseases treated surgically. ...
... Thyroid diseases are one of the most prevalent endocrinopathies globally, however, the importance of thyroid diseases is recently identified and now is considered as one of the non-communicable diseases that affect the community. In Saudi Arabia thyroid ranked as fourth in male and second in female as most prevalent cancer and it represents 6.1% of newly diagnosed cancers, thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and it accounts 87% of all endocrine gland cancers (1) . Most of the thyroid diseases treated surgically especially when medical treatment fails, cosmetic purposes or when thyroid cancer extensively invading the surrounding structures. ...
... Information about the use of vitamin D supplementation before or after the operation, the clinical and the histological diagnosis of thyroid diseases, the name of the procedure (partial or total thyroidectomy), and the presence of any complications were included in the datasheet. All this information was based on previous medical literature (1,4) and the sheet was validated by a senior, the head of surgical department in KFSH. ...
... Tunis 91.3%, Saudi Arabia 89%-93%, and Jordan 88.8%. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] A previous retrospective study from the endocrine department of TMC, including 143 patients with thyroid cancer, registered since 1985 till August-2003. Of the 131 patients with DTC, 93 (71.0%) had papillary, 35 (26.7%) had follicular, and 3 (2.3%) had Hurthle cell carcinoma. ...
... Younger patients were reported in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. [17,18,27] The occurrence of thyroid cancer increases with age, plateauing after about age 50. ...
... [21] The frequency of individuals diagnosed with DTC presenting initially with distant metastatic disease ranges from 1% to 9%. [18,34] The prevalence of distant metastases in the present study was 10.2%; this is almost similar to the previously reported rate of 9.1%. [21] As reported elsewhere, our study showed that patients 45 years and older had significantly higher rates of cervical and distal metastasis. ...
Objectives: The objective of this study is to study the demographic, clinicopathological features, and geographical distribution of differentiated
thyroid cancer (DTC) among Libyan patients referred from all parts of the country to the nuclear medicine department, for radioactive iodine (RAI)
therapy.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 265 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC)
referred to RAI therapy in the Nuclear Medicine Branch-Tripoli Medical Center, in the period from May 2005 to October 2010. The data
analyzed included sex, age at the time of diagnosis, the city of residence, pathological diagnosis, the extent of disease, and types of
treatment.
Results: There were 225 (84.9%) females and 40 (15.1%) males giving a sex ratio of 5.6:1. The mean age of males at diagnosis was
51.2 μ 14.8 (range 2478) years and the mean age of the females was 44.6 μ 15.6 (range 1095) years. Two hundred and twenty-three (84.2%)
had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 31 (11.7%) had follicular thyroid cancer, 3 (1.1%) had Hurthle cell thyroid cancer, and 2 (0.8%) had
follicular-insular thyroid cancer. About 43 (16.2%) had a history of multinodular goiter, and 3 (1.1%) HashimotoÊs thyroiditis. From data collected,
cervical lymph node metastases were found in 45 (17.0%), and distal metastases in 27 (10.2%).
Conclusions: PTC was the most common type of DTC. DTC was more common among females. The current study showed that the disease
tends to occur at an older age, and with less cervical lymph node metastases than previously reported.
... Another study from the central region of Saudi Arabia reported PTC in 89% of thyroid cancer cases [5] [6]. In the eastern province, some investigators reported papillary thyroid cancer in 74% of their cohort [7]. Another study at KFSH & RC revealed that papillary adenocarcinomas accounted for 72% of all thyroid cancers [3], whereas other investigators at the same institution found that 83.3% of their patients had PTC [8]. ...
... Benign thyroid lesions are more common than malignant lesions, 60% of the neoplastic lesions in our study and 90% of all neoplastic lesions in other studies (12). Some studies have reported lower results than our findings, benign thyroid lesions being in 25% of thyroid tumors in a Saudi Arabia study (13) and 43% of all thyroid gland neoplasms in a Nigerian study (14) . Follicular adenoma has the highest incidence among benign thyroid lesions, it has been reported to be 87%, 90%, 98% (10,13,15) of all benign thyroid lesions. ...
... Some studies have reported lower results than our findings, benign thyroid lesions being in 25% of thyroid tumors in a Saudi Arabia study (13) and 43% of all thyroid gland neoplasms in a Nigerian study (14) . Follicular adenoma has the highest incidence among benign thyroid lesions, it has been reported to be 87%, 90%, 98% (10,13,15) of all benign thyroid lesions. ...
... Papillary carcinoma is the predominant being malignant thyroid lesions, 64%, to 90% of all malignant thyroid lesions (5,6,10,11,12,14) . It is the least in the southwest of Saudi Arabia 50%, (15) more in the eastern region 74% (13) but very high in Al-Madina region 88% (7) . Our results are closer to the findings in Al-Madina region at 86%. ...
Objective:
To determine the histopathological pattern of thyroid diseases among patients in Hadhramout Province, Yemen Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted at Ibn Sina Central Teaching Hospital, in Mukalla city, Hadhramout, Yemen between January 2007 and December 2012. Eight hundred and seventeen patients with thyropathy were included in this study diagnosed histologically by experienced pathologists using fine needle aspiration cytology. This was followed-up by postoperative pathological thyroid specimen study. The patients in the study were treated medically and surgically by authors.
Results:
817 patients with thyropathy were included in the study. There were 716 (87.6%) females and 101 (12.4%) males, with a female to male ratio of 7:1. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 80 years, with a mean age of 37.7±12.2 years. Median age was 35. More than half of the patients aged between 21-40 years. The majority of the thyroid lesions were non neoplastic = 703 (86%). The most common lesion was simple colloid goiter = 578 (82%) followed by thyroid Hashimoto = 75 (10.7%). The minority were granulomatous (subacute) thyroiditis, hyperplastic nodule and thyroglossal cyst, 5 (0.7%), 6 (0.9%), 8 (1.1%) respectively. 114 (14%) patients have neoplastic lesions. 61 (7.5%) patients have benign adenoma, 2 (1.75%) patients have Hurthel cell adenoma. 43 (5.3%) patients have papillary carcinoma while 3 (2.63%) patients have anaplastic carcinoma. The less common malignant neoplastic thyroid lesions were primary lymphoma, follicular and medullary carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 2 (1.75%), 1 (0.9%), 1 (0.9%), and 1 (0.9%) respectively.
Conclusion:
The most common non-neoplastic thyroid disorder reported in this study is a simple colloid goiter. Adenoma was found to be the most common benign tumor while papillary carcinoma was found to be the most common malignant one. Most cancerous lesions were found within the age groups in the third and the fourth decade, mostly females.
... Benign thyroid lesions are more common than malignant lesions, 60% of the neoplastic lesions in our study and 90% of all neoplastic lesions in other studies 12 . Some studies have reported lower results than our findings, benign thyroid lesions being in 25% of thyroid tumors in a Saudi study 13 and 43% of all thyroid gland neoplasms in a Nigerian study 14 . Follicular adenoma has the highest incidence among benign thyroid lesions, it has been reported to be 87%, 90%, 98% 10,13,15 of all benign thyroid lesions. ...
Objective: To determine the histopathological pattern of thyroid diseases among patients in
Hadhramout Province, Yemen
Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted at Ibn Sina Central
Teaching Hospital, in Mukalla city, Hadhramout, Yemen between January 2007 and December
2012. Eight hundred and seventeen patients with thyropathy were included in this study diagnosed
histologically by experienced pathologists using fine needle aspiration cytology. This was followedup
by postoperative pathological thyroid specimen study. The patients in the study were treated
medically and surgically by authors.
Results: 817 patients with thyropathy were included in the study. There were 716 (87.6%) females
and 101(12.4%) males, with a female to male ratio of 7:1. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to
80 years, with a mean age of 37.7±12.2 years. Median age was 35 years. More than half of the
patients aged between 21-40 years. The majority of the thyroid lesions were non neoplastic 703
(86%). The most common lesion was simple colloid goiter 578 (82%) followed by thyroid
Hashimoto 75 (10.7%). The minority were granulomatous (subacute) thyroiditis, hyperplastic
nodule and thyroglossal cyst, 5 (0.7%), 6 (0.9%), 8 (1.1%) respectively.
114 (14%) patients had neoplastic lesions. 61(7.5%) patients had benign adenoma, 2 (1.75%)
patients had Hurthel cell adenoma. 43(5.3%) patients had papillary carcinoma while 3 (2.63%)
patients had anaplastic carcinoma. The less common malignant neoplastic thyroid lesions were
primary lymphoma, follicular and medullary carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma 2(1.75%),
1(0.9%), 1(0.9%),1 (0.9%) respectively.
Conclusion: The most common non-neoplastic thyroid disorder reported in this study is a simple
colloid goiter. Adenoma was found to be the most common benign tumor while papillary carcinoma
was found to be the most common malignant one. Most cancerous lesions were found within the
age groups in the third and the fourth decade, mostly females.
... The incidence of this disease peaks in the third and fourth decades of life. The literature contains reports on the incidences of thyroid carcinoma in different parts of Saudi Arabia [3,4,5,6,7]. The region of Wadi Al-Dawasir is situated in the southwest of the Kingdom at the edge of the area geographically known as the Empty Quarter. ...
