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Culture heritage will always remain one of the priorities of any state. Taking a cultural or historical object under protection is impossible without inventory. The best technology, which allows getting high-quality inventory, is close-range photogrammetry. Unfortunately, the full capabilities of this technology is fully owned by professionals only...
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Citations
... Solving the problems of inventorying historical and cultural objects by photogrammetric methods was considered in works (Shults et al., 2017;Bolognesi et al., 2015;Roy, 2007;Hassani & Rafiee, 2013;Bohm, 2004). The use of available means of the so-called "lowcost photogrammetry" is ...
... -creation of the OСH geo-information system; -creation of 1:20 scale drawings; complicated by the need to carry out additional research on camera calibration and integration of different types of data, but the result shows high efficiency. The work (Shults et al., 2017) describes an approach using smartphones, UAVs and PhotoScan software to solve the problem of inventorying a fortification structure of the Second World War near the city of Kyiv. The results of experimental tests conducted using the Dji Phantom 2 UAV equipped with a GoPro hero3 + Black Edition camera and the Photo-Scan software in comparison with high-precision simulations indicate the possibility of practical use of non-metric widely available cameras (Bolognesi et al., 2015). ...
In the last few years, intensive measures have been taken to monitor and inventory the cultural heritage of Ukraine. An important aspect is the preservation of such objects and their transmission to future generations. It is important to use such a methodology and technology when performing monitoring works, which in the future will make it possible to perform a number of other tasks, in relation to a certain specific object, based on previously obtained data. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of cultural heritage monitoring using UAV-filming. The work examines the methods of monitoring cultural heritage objects and presents an a priori assessment of the accuracy of monitoring of cultural heritage by means of UAV photography and laser scanning. The work focuses on the fact that the monitoring of cultural heritage sites should be carried out precisely with the help of modern filming methods, which have a number of advantages compared to traditional methods. The reliability of the proposed methods is presented and substantiated by calculating an a priori estimate of the accuracy of potential results.
... The most common solution is on-the-job calibration. Among the many smartphone photogrammetry publications, only a small part of them contain information on calibration [30,40,41,59,64,67,72,74,76,78,90,93,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103]. Figure 1 shows how many cited publications have been published each year. It can be seen that starting in 2016, the number of publications using smartphone photogrammetry is constantly growing and this trend will certainly continue in the future. ...
Recently, the term smartphone photogrammetry gained popularity. This suggests that photogrammetry may become a simple measurement tool by virtually every smartphone user. The research was undertaken to clarify whether it is appropriate to use the Structure from Motion—Multi Stereo View (SfM-MVS) procedure with self-calibration as it is done in Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle photogrammetry. First, the geometric stability of smartphone cameras was tested. Fourteen smartphones were calibrated on the checkerboard test field. The process was repeated multiple times. These observations were found: (1) most smartphone cameras have lower stability of the internal orientation parameters than a Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera, and (2) the principal distance and position of the principal point are constantly changing. Then, based on images from two selected smartphones, 3D models of a small sculpture were developed. The SfM-MVS method was used, with self-calibration and pre-calibration variants. By comparing the resultant models with the reference DSLR-created model it was shown that introducing calibration obtained in the test field instead of self-calibration improves the geometry of 3D models. In particular, deformations of local concavities and convexities decreased. In conclusion, there is real potential in smartphone photogrammetry, but it also has its limits.
... The use of macro objectives for small objects allows researchers studying them at submillimetre levels (Marziali and Dionisio, 2017;Cabrelles et al., 2020;Bennett, 2021;Forgia and Sineo, 2021). An option that is becoming more and more attractive is the so-called low-cost photogrammetry , using conventional cameras and even mobile device cameras (Shults et al., 2017). The results are, in many cases, of sufficient quality to meet the objectives of certain studies, with the advantage of the easy use of these devices. ...
The goal of this work is the photogrammetric reconstruction of a rocky outcrop with a panel decorated with palaeolithic engravings of the Siega Verde archaeological site (Salamanca, Spain) using photographs obtained with mobile phone cameras.
The engravings present in this panel have been previously studied and published. The main objective of this work is the generation of 3D models by low-cost photogrammetry that allow the diffusion and study of the panel.
The processing is approached at different quality levels with different photosets to provide the reconstruction of the complete rocky outcrop, the decorated wall, and the details of the engravings. The reconstruction of the rocky outcrop provides interactive 3D models useful to appreciate the morphology and the context of the engraved wall. The reconstruction of the decorated wall, after referencing, permits measurements with errors in the millimetre range and was used to obtain objective and subjective tracings of the engraved motifs. The highest quality level of photogrammetric processing makes it possible to determine the morphology, direction, and dimensions of the pecks and even depths and widths of the individual pecks.
... Therefore, we have decided to use mainly low-cost digital photogrammetry in the project. That allows professionals to commit to the objectives of the project and learn to use it in an affordable time (Shults et al., 2017;Wojciechowska, Łuczak, 2018). In the past, the use of other technologies has restricted its use to institutions and companies with sufficient capital and resources to use them. ...
This paper aims to highlight the importance of fast and safe documentation of the damage to cultural heritage after a natural or anthropic catastrophe, with greater relevance of civil society. In these situations, in which humanitarian aid to the population and care needs are the priorities for the local authorities, proper prior planning of data collection and their transmission may aid faster and better decision-making in an emergency. New technologies are among the most effective tools to carry out such damage assessments actions. Therefore, we are currently establishing adequate planning and training of the local civil society, through projects that aim to achieve specific goals, enhancing their capacity to protect heritage, and improving the resilience of the inhabitants after disasters. Most heritage projects that work towards the recovery and conservation of heritage after an emergency occurred do not consider the local population. Therefore, in this paper we offer an approach for heritage workers in the hope that by including the local population, the documentation of heritage destruction can lead to better methods in the future.
... Murtiyoso et al. [17] recorded the 19th century St-Pierre-le-Jeune church in Strasbourg, France, using the Albris and DJI Phantom 3 commercial UAV system. A cultural heritage site was modelled using HTC Desire and Meizu M3 MAX smartphones by Shults et al. [18]. To avoid gaps in the created model, UAV images have been integrated with ter- [19] used the low-cost GoPro Hero 4 fish eye lens camera and the UAS 3DR Solo model UAV, and generated a solid model of Otag-i Humayun, which was also selected as our study area. ...
New technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and terrestrial laser scanning systems, provide opportunities for the digital documentation of cultural heritage. Although ultra-light drones (ULDs) are usually used for recreational activities, in this study, we examined their ability for use in digital documentation. We investigated the efficiency of an ULD for documentation of a selected historical building. In this study, the structure from motion (SfM) method was used to create three-dimensional point cloud data of a historical building using ULD and a low-cost UAV. The resulting point clouds were compared with terrestrial laser scanner data. The maximum standard deviations were calculated as 0.62 cm and 1.87 cm for low-cost UAV and ULD, respectively. The results show that ULDs can be used under suitable circumstances as a low-cost alternative for cultural heritage documentation.
... A qualitative and quantitative assessment has shown that low-cost photogrammetry can be used for documentation and preservation of historical and cultural heritage with a case study of a World War II fortification [5]. ...
This paper explains the 3D scanning procedure of creating a virtual 3D model from photographs by using a process called photogrammetry. It starts by giving a technical explanation of different technologies for 3D scanning, explains why photogrammetry was chosen and gives general specifications of hardware and software used in the process. The whole procedure is then thoroughly shown step by step on a physical object, and in the end an analysis of the generated 3D model and its variations is given.
... The camera calibration was done with using Agisoft Lens calibration software. This software was chosen according to results of our previous researches ( Shults et al., 2017). One of results of camera calibration for nano UAS is presented in Fig. 8. ...
The key point of this paper is presentation of the main idea and some results of the project "Small UAS in civil engineering application scenarios" (SUAS-CAS). This project was proposed by newly established in 2016 ISPRS WG V/7: "Innovative Technologies in Training Civil Engineers and Architects". Here we are presenting our experience in using low-cost UAS in training architects at Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, which was chosen as basic for this project. In the first part of paper, the project outline is presented. Then the first and possible follow project outcomes were described. In some details is described the training module "Small UAS in architecture" which was developed and included as a part of the subject "Architectural photogrammetry".
Newly developed oblique photogrammetry (OP) techniques based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multicamera imaging systems are widely used in many fields. Smartphones cost less than the cameras commonly used in the existing UAV OP system, providing high-resolution images from a built-in imaging sensor. In this paper, we design and implement a novel low-cost and ultralight UAV OP system based on smartphones. Firstly, five digital cameras and their accessories detached from the smartphones are then fitted into a very small device to synchronously shoot images at five different perspective angles. An independent automatic capture control system is also developed to realize this function. The proposed smartphone-based multicamera imaging system is then mounted on a modified version of an existing lightweight UAV platform to form a UAV OP system. Three typical application examples are then considered to evaluate the performance of this system through practical experiments. Our results indicate that both horizontal and vertical location accuracy of the generated 3D models in all three test applications achieve centimeter-level accuracy with respect to different ground sampling distances (GSDs) of 1.2 cm, 2.3 cm, and 3.1 cm. The accuracy of the two types of vector maps derived from the corresponding 3D models also meet the requirements set by the surveying and mapping standards. The textural quality reflected by the 3D models and digital ortho maps (DOMs) are also distinguishable and clearly represent the actual color of different ground objects. Our experimental results confirm the quality and accuracy of our system. Although flight efficiency and the accuracy of our designed UAV OP system are lower than that of the commercial versions, it provides several unique features including very low-cost, ultralightweight, and significantly easier operation and maintenance.
The key point of this paper is presentation of the main idea and some results of the project "Small UAS in civil engineering application scenarios" (SUAS-CAS). This project was proposed by newly established in 2016 ISPRS WG V/7: "Innovative Technologies in Training Civil Engineers and Architects". Here we are presenting our experience in using low-cost UAS in training architects at Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, which was chosen as basic for this project. In the first part of paper, the project outline is presented. Then the first and possible follow project outcomes were described. In some details is described the training module "Small UAS in architecture" which was developed and included as a part of the subject "Architectural photogrammetry".
Modern specialists in the field of architecture work exclusively in three-dimensional space. At the same time, their training completely ignores the state-of-the-art technologies associated with obtaining three-dimensional models of engineering structures. In such circumstances, the connections between the three key participants in the design and construction of engineering structures, namely architects, builders, and surveyors are broken. The main technology that allows obtaining three-dimensional models is photogrammetry. The purpose of the presented article is to determine the subject matter of close-range photogrammetry in solving architectural design problems. Based on certain architectural tasks, educational modules for the discipline of architectural photogrammetry of the bachelor educational level were developed. The peculiarity of the proposed program is that it is designed in such a way that it allows using the whole complex of the modern achievements in the field of automated image processing and the specifics of setting and solving architectural problems. At the same time, this program covers such modern technologies and concepts as UAV photogrammetry, digital photogrammetry, photogrammetric scanning, BIM, GIS, etc. Such an approach allows students without problems to learn several special knowledge, which is owned by surveyors and photogrammetrists. The approximate content of the course of architectural photogrammetry for bachelor students is presented.
