Fig 6 - uploaded by John Arthur Barron
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Comparison of the relative contributions of the silicoflagellates Octactis pulchra (a) and Dictyocha stapedia (b) during the past 15,000 years at GGC55/JPC56 (solid line) with DSDP 480 (dashed line). ka* refers to 1000 cal years B.P.
Source publication
Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 480 (27°54.10′N, 111°39.34′W; 655 m water depth) contains a high resolution record of paleoceanographic change of the past 15 000 years for the Guaymas Basin, a region of very high diatom productivity within the central Gulf of California. Analyses of diatoms and silicoflagellates were completed on samples spaced ever...
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Plain Language Summary
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Citations
... Radiolarians are widely distributed in the ocean, dwelling in shallow and deep environments associated with different water masses and their corresponding physical-chemical properties (e.g., temperature, salinity, nutrients) (Molina-Cruz et al., 1999;Boltovskoy et al., 2010), and silicoflagellates are particularly abundant in nutrient-rich, upwelling areas (Schrader et al., 1986;Barron et al., 2014), and reflect changes in SST (Barron et al., 2004). Although proxies have distinct sensitivities and limitations, silicoflagellates and shallow-dwelling radiolarians respond similarly to specific physical and chemical environmental changes. ...
... mm/yr. In our records, the sedimentation rates in the B/A are close tõ 2 mm/yr in both holes, in agreement with the 2 mm/yr rate described by Barron et al. (2004). In Hole U1545A during the YD, the sedimentation rate decreased by~0.25 mm/yr and 1.0 mm/yr in Hole U1549A, similar to the rate suggested by Barron et al. (2004) of the 0.92 mm/yr. ...
... In our records, the sedimentation rates in the B/A are close tõ 2 mm/yr in both holes, in agreement with the 2 mm/yr rate described by Barron et al. (2004). In Hole U1545A during the YD, the sedimentation rate decreased by~0.25 mm/yr and 1.0 mm/yr in Hole U1549A, similar to the rate suggested by Barron et al. (2004) of the 0.92 mm/yr. ...
The high-resolution analysis of radiolarians and silicoflagellates in sediments from Holes U1545A and U1549A drilled during IODP Expedition 385 in the Guaymas Basin, in the Gulf of California provides detailed insights into the evolution of ocean circulation and water masses, and its relation to Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean climate conditions, over the past 31,000 cal years BP (based on AMS radiocarbon dates). In the pre-Last Glacial Maximum, the Guaymas Basin experienced alternating circulation patterns of California Current Water (CCW) and Gulf of California Water (GCW), with an extended presence of the Pacific Intermediate Water (PIW) owing to: amplified jet streams; southern movement of the California Current System (CCS) and the incursion of CCW into the gulf; and increased North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) formation. The Last Glacial Maximum witnessed the incursion of CCW due to the stronger CCS. The dominance of the PIW indicates the expansion and formation of NPIW. The Heinrich-I event as manifested in the core record, displays two distinct patterns, one suggesting GCW-like dominance and the other, the occurrence of CCW. The Bølling-Ållerød interstadial featured the entry of Tropical Surface Water (TSW), GCW, and CCW, linked with the northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. In the Younger Dryas, CCW dominated, transitioning to GCW as colder climatic conditions and more intense CCS. The Holocene displayed alternating periods of TSW and GCW, with a modern monsoon regime from 7,600 to 1,000 cal years BP. From 1,000 cal years BP to the present the ITCZ shifted to the south.
... ka BP ( Fig. 6d; Haug et al., 2001;Moy et al., 2002). In addition, many other proxies such as biogenic silica, wt% Fe and sea surface temperature have been linked to the ENSO events on the millennial time scale (Barron et al., 2004;Chen et al., 2015;Nan et al., 2017;Li et al., 2021). ENSO has a significant influence on the on the current circulation (Hu et al., 2015). ...
Long-term organic matter (OM) burial in the ocean is essential to the global carbon cycle. Mud deposits, such as South Yellow Sea mud deposit (SYSMD) located in the central South Yellow Sea (SYS), are ideal for the study of long-term OM burial. A sediment core YS-A from the SYSMD was analyzed for lignin phenols and bulk OM properties to reveal the driving forces of sedimentary OM (SOM) fate during the Holocene. SOM burial was found to be dominantly influenced by sea level rise and increased East Asian summer monsoon during 11.0–7.0 ka BP. During 7.0–1.0 ka BP, the fate of SOM was controlled by El Ni˜no Southern Oscillation on the millennial time scale, and correlated with East Asian winter monsoon variability on the centennial time scale. Remarkably, anthropogenic perturbation has gradually overwhelmed long-term climate control on the fate of SOM since 1.0 ka BP, and this phenomenon became more evident after 0.4 ka BP.
... In the California Current System and the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, during warm and low productivity conditions, diatom assemblages are composed of one or more of the following species: F. doliolus, T. oestrupii, N. interruptestriata (Barron et al., 2010(Barron et al., , 2013Lange et al., 1987Lange et al., , 1990Romero et al., 2011;Sancetta, 1992Sancetta, , 1995Sautter and Sancetta, 1992;Schrader et al., 1993), T. bacillare (Baumgartner et al., 1985), T. nitzschioides var. parvum (Romero et al., 2011), T. lineata, R. bergonii (Baumgartner et al., 1985;Kemp et al., 2000;Lange et al., 1987), C. litoralis (Barron and Bukry, 2007;Barron et al., 2004Barron et al., , 2005Sancetta, 1995), C. planetophorus (Estrada Gutiérrez et al., 2022), N. pelagica (Almaraz-Ruiz, 2017), and other taxa in minor amounts. In particular, R. bergoni is a deep-dwelling taxon (up to ∼ 130 m, Kemp et al., 2000) that indicates strong stratification in the water column in tropical to subtropical regions (Baumgartner et al., 1985;Kemp et al., 2000;Lange et al., 1987Lange et al., , 1994Romero et al., 2011). ...
Changes in marine productivity of the last five centuries in the Gulf of Tehuantepec were investigated using a high-resolution record of diatoms, organic carbon (C org ), total nitrogen (TN), Ni/Al, and Cu/Al. The laminated sediments were dated by using ²¹⁰ Pb and ¹⁴ C, with a bayesian age model providing a new Δ R = 247 ± 30 years for the bulk sediment. The Little Ice Age (LIA) (~1500 to ~1858 CE) was characterized by the predominance of cold-water and high productivity diatoms ( Chaetoceros spores, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Lioloma pacificum, Thalassiosira nanolineata, and Rhizossolenia setigera) and high values of geochemical productivity proxies. A transition period (~1860 to ~1919 CE) toward warmer conditions related to the end of the LIA and the beginning of the Current Warm Period (CWP), was indicated by the appearance of warm-water diatoms ( Neodelphineis pelagica, Thalassiosira tenera, and Rhizossolenia bergonii), as well as lower values of C org , TN, Ni/Al, and Cu/Al. The most recent period of the CWP (~1920 CE to today) was characterized by the increased abundance warm-water taxa ( N. pelagica, Cymatodiscus planetophorus, T. tenera, Plagiogramma minus, Nitzschia interruptestriata, and R. bergonii), and by the prevalence of low values of C org , TN, Ni/Al, and Cu/Al. These changes in productivity during the LIA and CWP were likely driven by changes in solar irradiance and the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. This study highlights the spatial extent of the LIA in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific and contributes to the knowledge of the productivity response to climate in tropical regions.
... For determining the palaeoproductivity, palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate in the geologic past, silicoflagellates can be used as a potential and useful tool (Ciesielski, 1974;Ling, 1975;Schrader and Baumgartner, 1983;Bukry, 1985). Silicoflagellates can be useful as palaeotemperature indicators in the Neogene (Bohaty and Harwood, 1998;Barron et al., 2004Barron et al., , 2005Barron et al., , 2009Whitehead and Bohaty, 2003;Malinverno, 2010). Latitudinal distribution of silicoflagellate taxa also can be utilized for the reconstruction of palaeotemperature (Ciesielski, 1974;Poelchau, 1975;Bukry, 1985). ...
... Dictyocha calida Poelchau (1976). Remarks: This taxon commonly occurs in the Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments (Bukry, 1979;McCartney et al., 1995;Barron et al., 2004). Its occasional occurrences in the Miocene have been recorded by McCartney et al. (1995). ...
... It has been stated earlier that silicoflagellates may be useful as indicators of changes in palaeotemperature (Bohaty and Harwood, 1998;Barron et al., 2004Barron et al., , 2005Barron et al., , 2009Whitehead and Bohaty, 2003;Malinverno, 2010) in the Neogene. The study of Ciesielski and Weaver (1974) on the habitat preference of Dictyocha suggests that in the northern hemisphere the genus prefers warm surface waters. ...
Analysis of the Tortonian sediments in the northeast Indian Ocean from NGHP–01–17A drilled at Andaman Basin
shows 22 silicoflagellate taxa belonging to the genera Bachmannocena, Dictyocha, Distephanopsis, Paramesocena
and Stephanocha. This study records the first evidence of Tortonian silicoflagellates from the offshore of northeast
Indian Ocean. Two Partial Range zones namely Dictyocha varia, and Dictyocha extensa and one Subzone i.e.
Bachmannocena elliptica have been proposed. In the present study, it has been observed that the transition of
D. varia to D. extensa took place within the Tortonian. Fossil records of double skeletons in the silicoflagellate
taxa are rare; however, we have documented double skeletons in three silicoflagellate taxa i.e. Dictyocha calida,
Dictyocha fibula subspecies ausonia and Stephanocha speculum (6-sided). Ratio of Dictyocha and Stephanocha based
on the combined abundance of all the taxa of the two genera reveals that there was substantial dominance of
Dictyocha over Stephanocha throughout the studied sequence. The Dictyocha/Stephanocha palaeotemprature
proxy indicated prevalence of warmer climate during the Tortonian (9.86 Ma to 7.39 Ma) with a cooling minimum
in the Bachmannocena elliptica Subzone during 8.104 Ma – 8.088 Ma corresponding with nutrient rich
condition.
... Silicoflagellates can be significant paleoenvironmental indicators associated with paleotemperature changes (Bohaty and Harwood, 1998;Barron et al., 2004Barron et al., , 2005Barron et al., , 2009Whitehead and Bohaty, 2003;Malinverno, 2010) in the Neogene. The Eocene-Oligocene transition provides the most drastic climatic transition during the Cenozoic (Zachos et al., 2001;Hutchinson et al., 2018). ...
... Signs of the Younger Dryas have been observed in the Gulf of California (Barron et al., 2004) and in the Mexican-United States boundary region (Metcalfe et al., 1997;Polyak et al., 2004;Ortega-Rosas et al., 2008b, 2017Wagner et al., 2010). However, the lack of continuous or more complete continental sequences prevents the understanding of how the Pleistocene-Holocene transition was reflected, particularly in northwestern Mexico where the Pacific Ocean climatic influence is currently greater than to the east. ...
... Both in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States, previous records from different proxies revealed a considerable temperature decline during the Younger Dryas (Metcalfe et al., 1997;Ortega-Ramírez et al., 1998;Armour et al., 2002;Polyak et al., 2004;Pigati et al., 2009;Ortega-Rosas et al., 2008a, 2017Antinao et al., 2013). A Younger Dryas signal was also recorded in the Gulf of California (Barron et al., 2004). However, the continental evidence of this episode was isolated in discontinuous records, and the degree of humidity or aridity that characterised it was confusing. ...
During the last glacial termination, the climate system experienced intense global variations whose causes and impacts are not fully defined, particularly for low latitudes. The northwestern Mexico Sky Islands present a climate‐sensitive ideal setting to record palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic changes due to their physiographic complexity and location in the ecotone between temperate and tropical ecosystems. High‐resolution pollen analysis and a detailed sedimentological study were conducted at the Ciénega Tonibabi tropical thorn scrub site. The 15 540–0 cal a bp nearly continuous record shows that the North Atlantic Ocean did have a cold and humid climatic influence during the glacial stages of the end of the Pleistocene, including a sharp pulse during the Younger Dryas. However, a shift to the Pacific Ocean influence occurred during the Holocene, which led to the development of the El Niño conditions prevailing today. Colder and warmer phases follow one another with higher or lower winter precipitation, including a sharp Bølling–Allerød and development and intensification of the North American monsoon. They are reflected in hydrological changes as well as in the advances, retreats and intermingling of coniferous forests and tropical thorn scrub.
... The response to the interaction between atmosphere-ocean dynamics and phytoplankton activity can be preserved and identified in the marine sedimentary record, such as in the laminated sediments found in some basins of the GoC (Calvert, 1966;Baumgartner et al., 1991;Thunell et al., 1993;Thunell et al., 1994). The chemical and micropaleontological analyses of this type of sediment provide valuable information for the interpretation of climatic conditions and its relationship with marine phytoplankton (Thunell, 1998;Barron et al., 2004;Barron and Bukry, 2007;Douglas et al., 2007). ...
This paper presents a high-resolution analysis of dinoflagellate cyst groups (1959 to 2009), in the southern Gulf of California (GoC). We analyzed 100 samples of laminated sediments with an effective sampling resolution of ~7 months. Our primary goal is to clarify the relation between changes in these groups and the climate forcing defined by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) indices. Principal component analysis indicates three groups (A1, A2, and A3). A1 and A3 are mostly constituted by dinoflagellate cysts of heterotrophic taxa, while A2 is composed mainly of autotrophic taxa. Strong El Niño events decrease the contribution of all dinoflagellate cyst groups, while extreme La Niña events increase the contribution of the A2 and A3 groups. Also, the PDO modulates the marine productivity in the southern GoC, with cold phases increasing productivity, while the warm stages decrease productivity. As with climatic events in the southern GoC, autotrophic and heterotrophic taxa of dinoflagellate cysts respond clearly, when PDO and ENSO are in phase. Finally, dinoflagellate cyst concentrations in laminated sediments can be used regionally, as a chronostratigraphic tool in the last 50 years.
... The seasonal pattern distinguishes lithogenic deposits made of clay and silt from the summer and fall wet seasons, whereas biogenic near-monospecific to mixed laminae deposits (mostly of diatoms) occur during the dry seasons (Douglas et al., 2007;Pike & Kemp, 1997;Pride et al., 1999). At larger scales, studies based on phytoplankton assemblages, geochemistry and stable isotopes reveal changes in upwelling linked to variations in climate and hydrography (Barron et al., 2004(Barron et al., , 2005(Barron et al., , 2014Pride et al., 1999;Staines-Urías et al., 2015;Ziveri & Thunell, 2000). Despite the abundance of lithogenic material conveyed to the gulf, our knowledge of the influence of dust or riverine inputs on ocean productivity remains incomplete. ...
... Numbers show rivers along the coast. Red star indicates the location of Core AII-125-8-JPC20 and green symbols show the location of other cores previously studied (Barron et al., 2004;Chang et al., 2015;Cheshire & Thurow, 2013;Keigwin & Jones, 1990;Pichevin et al., 2014;Pride et al., 1999;Staines-Urías et al., 2015). (C) Location of Core AII-125-8-JPC20 in the Carmen Basin (latitude 26.039°N, longitude 110.93°W), bathymetric features, depth (m) and distance scale (km). ...
... In Core JPC20, we observe a change from coarser to finer material (Fig. 5G) at this time in agreement with the onset of a drier scenario (Fig. 8G). In terms of Barron et al. (2005) (Barron et al., 2004;Keigwin & Jones, 1990;Pride et al., 1999); data from Core MD02-2515 as in Chang et al. (2015) (Cheshire & Thurow, 2013;Pichevin et al., 2014), Core JPC20 data (this study) show a 3-point running average. Black arrows show increases/decreases in percentages of biogenic components during stadial events. ...
We study the marine and terrestrial contributions in the Gulf of California (GC) to understand the relationship between continental climate and oceanographic variability over the last 28 ka. In Core AII125‐8‐JPC‐20, we examine aeolian and riverine inputs as nutrients for biological productivity. We use biogenic silica (%opal), total organic carbon (%TOC) and calcium carbonate (%CaCO3) as proxies for primary productivity, and lithic fraction distributions as proxies for terrigenous transport. At the core site, biogenic and lithic components are in phase at millennial‐scale in response to regional climate conditions. During the Late Pleistocene, the GC shelf area was above sea level and the western margin showed transient episodes of increased fluvial inputs. Episodic increases in %opal and reduced %TOC suggest upwelling events but ineffective C‐export to the sediment. During stadial events (Heinrich 2, Heinrich 1, Younger Dryas), regional declines in %opal, but increases in %CaCO3 and TOC, suggest efficient C‐export by carbonate organisms. During most of the Holocene, dust inputs are higher. Episodic increases in %TOC suggest higher C‐accumulation, although this is not controlled by siliceous or calcareous organisms. In the GC, besides upwelling and current advection, nutrient inputs driven by terrestrial climate have an impact on the biological C‐pump.
... The paleoclimate reconstructions are focused on the multi-millennial timescales (e.g., Sancetta 1995;Pride et al. 1999;Álvarez et al. 2012). Nonetheless, it is still debated as to whether the late Holocene climate was relatively stable and represents a warm period (Barron et al. 2003;Pérez-Cruz 2006) or whether there has been an increase in climate variability over the last two millennia (Douglas et al. 2002;Goñi et al. 2001;Barron et al. 2004;González-Yajimovich et al. 2005;Barron et al. 2005). ...
This selective 2000 years, paleoclimate review expounds on a range of key issues appertaining to Mexico’s Gulf of California (GC). Many of these issues are unresolved and in some cases are controversial in nature. This chapter will explore the following areas: (1) significant climate variation involving differing timescales ranging from interannual, to centennial, to millennial; (2) processes responsible for the sedimentation cycle; (3) assessing the fidelity of Alfonso Basin’s siliceous phytoplankton record through linkage with integrated water–vertical settling studies, in that paleoclimate proxies are one of the most relevant and important tools utilized in reconstructions of (paleo)temperature and primary production; and (4) examine some global surface hydrological and climate processes and the connections to anthropogenic changes that can structure marine records recovered from marginal environments. Additionally, brief highlights from several areas under investigation will be presented, which have the potential to further an understanding of the role that temporal changes in export production may have played on carbon sequestration and how the resultant effects might have significantly affected climate variations.
... Counts typically were made at 250X magnification, with 500X used for checking questionable specimens. Taxonomy follows that used by Barron and Bukry (2007) and Barron et al. (2004. Intraspecific variants (subspecies) of silicoflagellate taxa were tabulated in an effort to determine environmental preferences. ...
Diatom, pollen, silicoflagellate, and biogenic opal analyses from a 155 cm-long gravity core from Pioneer Seamount, offshore Santa Cruz, California (PS1410-06GC, latitude 37.3°N, longitude 123.4°W, water depth 2165 m) are compiled for the last ~11,300 years and compared with those of ODP 1019 and TN062-O550 from northern California. The relative abundance record of the subtropical diatom Fragilariopsis doliolus has similar bimodal Holocene patterns in all three cores, suggesting that sea surface temperatures (SST) were lower during the middle part of the Holocene than they were during the later and earlier parts. The relative abundance of coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) pollen, a proxy for fog and coastal upwelling, displays stepwise increases in ODP 1019 and TN062-O550 between ~ 4000 and 3000 cal yr. BP, but its relative abundance in PS1410-06GC increases gradually throughout the past 10,200 yr. without any major steps. Similarly, biogenic silica (opal) displays stepwise increases at ~3600 and 2900 cal yr. BP in ODP 1019 and TN062-O550, respectively, whereas opal increases more gradually in PS1410-06GC during the past 10,100 yr. with relatively minor steps at ~ 3100 and ~2600 cal yr. BP. Together, coastal redwood and opal argue for a more gradual late Holocene increase in coastal upwelling along the coast of central California compared with that off northern California, where onshore-offshore gradients are more distinct.
