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Comparison of tRF read number for tRFs of various sizes. Comparison of read number between different brain regions in male (A) and female (B). Since 18 nt reads were predominant, we
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Non-coding RNA fragments (ncRFs) are processed from various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), with the most abundant being those produced from tRNAs. ncRFs were reported in many animal and plant species. Many ncRFs exhibit tissue specificity or/and are affected by stress. There is, however, only a handful of reports that describe differential expression of...
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A long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA#1) is overexpressed in the horn bud region of polled (hornless) bovine fetuses, suggesting a potential role in horn bud suppression. Genome editing was used to test whether the absence of this sequence was associated with the horned phenotype. Two gRNAs with high mutation efficiencies targeting the 5′ and t...
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... We previously reported that tRF reads were the most abundant among the four ncRF read types analyzed, with FC having the most reads and male rats consistently having more reads [36]. Scatter radiation increased the number of reads in the CER of both males and females ( Figure 4C). ...
... A previous analysis of the processing of snoRNAs into snoRFs showed enrichment in several types of snoRFs, including snoRA54, snoRA3, snoRA60, and snoRD20 [36]. Radiation exposure changed this enrichment in several cases. ...
... Our previous work [36] and the work of others [59] demonstrated that there is a different rate of processing of tRNAs-some are more frequently cleaved into tiRNAs and tRFs than others. In this work, we show that tRF-GlyGCC and tRF-GlyCCC are the most frequently processed and exhibit tissue-and sex-specific changes in expression. ...
Non-coding RNA fragments (ncRFs) are small RNA fragments processed from non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRFs have various functions and are commonly tissue-specific, and their processing is altered by exposure to stress. Information about ncRFs in the brain is scarce. Recently, we reported the brain region-specific and sex-specific expression of ncRNAs and their processing into ncRFs. Here, we analyzed the expression of ncRFs in the frontal cortex (FC), hippocampus (HIP), and cerebellum (CER) of male and female rats exposed to scatter radiation. We found multiple brain region- and sex-specific changes in response to scatter radiation. Specifically, we observed decreased miRNA expression and the increased expression of ra-ncRNA reads in HIP and CER, as well as an increased number of mtR-NA-associated reads in HIP. We also observed the appearance of sense-intronic ncRNAs—in females, in HIP and FC, and in males, in CER. In this work, we also show that tRNA-GlyGCC and tRNA-GlyCCC are most frequently processed to tRFs, in CER in females, as compared to males. An analysis of the targeted pathways revealed that tRFs and snoRFs in scatter radiation samples mapped to genes in several pathways associated with various neuronal functions. While in HIP and CER these pathways were underrepresented, in FC, they were overrepresented. Such changes may play an important role in pathologies that develop in response to scatter radiation, the effect known as “radio-brain”, and may in part explain the sex-specific differences observed in animals and humans exposed to radiation and scatter radiation.
