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It is well known that environmental protection behaviors are influenced by both individual internal motivation and external environmental pressure, but few studies have looked at the two kinds of factors together. In order to study the influence mechanism of these two kinds of factors on the environmental protection behavior of urban residents, esp...
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Context 1
... M9, personal norms, social norms, cost consciousness and environmental protection behavior were combined into one factor. The results in Table 3 show that the five-factor model has the best model fit compared to other models (χ 2 = 742.542, df = 179, χ 2 /df = 4.148 < 5, RMSEA = 0.066 < 0.08, and CFI = 0.914 > 0.9). ...Similar publications
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This article discusses selected concepts for defining the goals of modern pro-ecological architecture. It highlights a significant diversity of attitudes towards the issue of ecology in architecture. This clear pluralism of goals results from the priorities given to buildings and is the effect of emphasizing individual ecological problems to a vari...
Citations
... According to a detailed review, there are approximately 50 different factors in the literature that may influence household decisions on fuels and stoves [30], including external factors (i.e., policy regulation [31,32], policy incentives [33,34], social norms [35], and publicity [36]), internal psychological factors (i.e., environmental responsibility [37], values [38], herd mentality [39], and perceived behavioral control [40,41]), demographic factors (i.e., income [15,42], age [43,44], gender [45], family structure [46], and education [47,48]), and energy characteristics (i.e., energy prices [49,50], energy availability and convenience [10,17], and energy reliability [51]). Among them, two measures of energy affordability, household income and subsidies, have received considerable attention and are considered the most important [52,53]. ...
Background
Highly carbonized energy use in ecologically fragile areas of Northwest China seriously endangers the health of residents and the ecological environment. However, poor energy affordability remains a major obstacle to the promotion of clean energy use in rural households in this region.
Methods
Based on survey data of 1118 households in ecologically fragile areas of Northwest China, this study constructed a household-level database of energy use, measured energy affordability in two dimensions: endogenous income (annual per capita household income) and external inputs (government energy subsidies). It uses logistic and threshold regression to empirically test the impact, threshold, and heterogeneity of energy affordability on the decision-making of rural households regarding clean energy use for cooking, heating, and heating water.
Results
(1) The energy use structures of rural households in different ecologically fragile areas differ because of different household characteristics. (2) Energy affordability affects cooking significantly more than it affects heating and subsidy growth is a stronger incentive than income growth. Moreover, for both cooking and heating, energy affordability has a greater impact on electricity use than on gas use. (3) The thresholds for energy transformation for heating are greater than those for cooking and heating water. When the subsidy increases by 2400 yuan/year, heating can catch up to other types of use, whereas, based on the current level of income growth, it requires more than 5 years. (4) This effect is higher in high-income, purely agricultural, highly educated, young, and middle-aged households.
Conclusions
Promoting the use of clean energy in rural households only by increasing income will be a slow process. Subsidies should be used to accelerate this process by improving the energy affordability of rural households and a compensation policy should be implemented considering the energy types and periods. Taking into account the differences in the basic characteristics of rural households in different ecologically fragile areas, clean energy policies should be adopted from various perspectives to better leverage the enhancement effect of energy affordability.
... However, the most common types in sustainability research are personal and social norms (Niemiec et al., 2020). Personal norms are individuals' feelings of moral obligation to perform a behaviour (Schwartz, 1992), well as social norms refer to society's acceptable codes of conduct (Bai & Bai, 2020). Both personal and social norms have been found to promote consumers' engagement in sustainable consumption behaviours (Esfandiar et al., 2019). ...
... Some scholars argue that these norms are the most critical factors in determining how people behave in good ways for the environment. Scholars like Bai and Bai (2020) found that personal norms greatly affected how Chinese city dwellers behaved in good ways for the environment. Likewise, Niemiec et al. (2020) conducted a meta-analysis revealing that personal norms influence consumers' intentions to engage in sustainable consumption. ...
... The results of the study also show that norms are related to sustainable consumption behaviours in a positive way, which supports Hypothesis 3. This is consistent with previous studies (Bai & Bai, 2020;. Several studies also agree that personal norms can directly lead to several sustainable consumption behaviours, such as visitors' sustainable waste binning behaviours (Esfandiar et al., 2019), curtailment behaviours (Rizkalla et al., 2019), and agrotourism (Le et al., 2021). ...
This study investigated the relationship between personal values, norms, and sustainable consumption behaviours of beverage consumers in central Uganda. The study employed a correlational design where 400 beverage consumers aged 18 and older provided the data in a survey. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling in the SPSS AMOS extension Version 23. The study results show that personal values and norms were critical determinants in beverage consumers’ engagement in sustainable behaviours like recycling, reusing, and proper disposal of waste from plastic bottles. Notably, consumers with biospheric values were more predisposed to engaging in such behaviours. Both personal and social norms positively influence sustainable consumption behaviours. The mediation effects of both norms were also confirmed in this research. Therefore, this study offers valuable insights to policy-making bodies and beverage companies in Uganda regarding the factors that drive sustainable consumption behaviours among beverage consumers. These findings can be used to develop effective environmental policies and marketing campaigns.
... This demonstrates that subjective norms (family members and Muslim friends) do not influence their choice of Islamic brands. According to Bai and Bai (2020), a person's behavior might change in response to the reactions of individuals around them. Similarly, Muslim friends do not persuade non-Muslims to consume Islamic brands due to their religious and cultural differences (Johan et al., 2020). ...
One of the challenges in halal is the acceptance among non-Muslims of the values, due to their lack of appreciation in understanding its concept. Media bias, culture, personal beliefs, racism and Islamophobia are some of the common causes. Past studies concluded that the concept of misjudgment could be realigned to a positive attitude by providing the appropriate information and education. Therefore, the study was conducted with the aim, of assessing how the provision of halal knowledge through the concept of a student exchange program could change a group of non-Muslims’ attitude, acceptance and behavior towards halal. A research experiment was administered that involved a group of university students from a private university in South Korea, who voluntarily took part in a 7-day halal program in Malaysia. The study involved 1) a pre-test assessment, 2) participation in the student exchange heutagogy program and 3) a post-test assessment. Based on the paired sample test results, overall, there was a significant increase in the halal understanding among non-Muslims of South Koreans. The novelty of the study stems from the need to understand non-Muslims’ perception of halal, specifically from the learning and cultural perspectives.
... Retaining such clients, according to Chua et al. (2017) and Jones et al. (2000), is a cost-effective strategy for longevity. Therefore, client retention is essential to the company's ability to make money and grow in the future and is seen as a critical success factor for all businesses (Bai et al., 2020;Kim et al., 2017;Liu et al., 2018;Scarpi et al., 2019). ...
A year after the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the hotel industry is showing signs of recovery. Environmental issues have also increased the pressures on this sector. As such, this study examines the effect of eco-friendly hotel practices on customer feedback in the post-COVID-19 era. The relationships between green practices, customer satisfaction, and loyalty to green hotels, and the effect of customer feedback on sustainability through intentions to revisit and word-of-mouth are also examined. In addition, the role of customer satisfaction and loyalty to green hotels as mediators is considered while the role of gender in these relationships is explored. PLS-SEM and PLS-MGA were used to create a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical design. Results demonstrate a significant association between the implementation of ecologically friendly practices and consumer satisfaction and loyalty to green hotels. Word-of-mouth and COVID-19 concerns have a substantial effect on intentions to revisit. The main findings are that in terms of associations between design and landscape and revisit intentions, women are more loyal to green hotels than men. In conclusion, the positive association between green practices and various guest-related outcomes implies that hotels aiming for sustainability must prioritize effective communication, strategic branding, employee engagement, and ongoing improvement. Females’ loyalty to green hotels and intentions to revisit have been found to be strongly correlated, providing hotels with the chance to establish a distinctive brand and win over a devoted clientele. Additionally, environmental policy is confirmed to enhance sustainable practices in the hotel sector.
... In addition, citizens must sort their trash properly, and not all recyclables are collected daily [17]. However, the willingness to pay for environmental protection or to endure inconvenience differs from person to person [18,19]. Prior evidence has shown that only a minority of individuals are unwilling to pay an income contribution to improve the quality of the environment because they have an indifferent attitude and insufficient knowledge about environmental issues [20]. ...
... Regarding performing pro-environmental behaviour, people are motivated by the perspective of morality in an individual mind and guided by the self or others' evaluation [36]. Moral norms which refer to an individual's sense of self-ethical obligation to perform a behaviour [44], directly affect environmental intention and behaviour [45]. Tonglet et al. [43] included a moral norm in their studies on recycling behaviour. ...
... The normative influences and the context of people's daily lives often greatly affected their behaviour [36]. Subjective norms which have been recognized as a key component of motivation and behaviour, are relatively used within environmental protection behaviour [44]. In the TPB, subjective norms which represent the pressure and influence from the expectations of the referees (such as friends, peers, neighbours), have a positive impact on behaviour [32]. ...
E-waste is becoming a concern due to its toxic content and serious pollution effect. Many studies have focused on the detrimental impacts of hazardous e-waste and extended producer responsibility for e-waste recycling. There is, however, a lack of case studies from the perspectives of consumers' awareness of e-waste, and willingness to pay (WTP) for e-waste recycling. An e-waste management system cannot be efficient when consumers are not actively involved in. Based on a survey of 544 respondents in Ho Chi Minh City, this paper investigates the respondents' WTP for e-waste recycling and factors affecting their WTP by integrating the theory of planned behaviour and the norm activation model. The Contingent Valuation Method and Tobit model were applied to estimate and explain consumers' WTP for e-waste recycling. The model showed that subjective/social norms, moral/personal norms, inconvenience of recycling, perception of e-waste pollution, age, home ownership, and income significantly affected WTP for e-waste recycling. The estimated mean WTP from the Tobit model was 1.588% (Televisions), 1.644% (Computers) and 1.656% (Mobile phones) of the purchasing bills. The findings are useful for policy-makers in developing more effective environmental management policies for e-waste.
... Regarding performing pro-environmental behaviour, people are motivated by the perspective of morality in an individual mind and guided by the self or others' evaluation [36]. Moral norms which refer to an individual's sense of self-ethical obligation to perform a behaviour [44], directly affect environmental intention and behaviour [45]. Tonglet et al. [43] included a moral norm in their studies on recycling behaviour. ...
... The normative influences and the context of people's daily lives often greatly affected their behaviour [36]. Subjective norms which have been recognized as a key component of motivation and behaviour, are relatively used within environmental protection behaviour [44]. In the TPB, subjective norms which represent the pressure and influence from the expectations of the referees (such as friends, peers, neighbours), have a positive impact on behaviour [32]. ...
E-waste is becoming a concern due to its toxic content and serious pollution effect. Many studies have focused on the detrimental impacts of hazardous e-waste and extended producer responsibility for e-waste recycling. There is, however, a lack of case studies from the perspectives of consumers' awareness of e-waste, and willingness to pay (WTP) for e-waste recycling. An e-waste management system cannot be efficient when consumers are not actively involved in. Based on a survey of 544 respondents in Ho Chi Minh City, this paper investigates the respondents' WTP for e-waste recycling and factors affecting their WTP by integrating the theory of planned behaviour and the norm activation model. The Contingent Valuation Method and Tobit model were applied to estimate and explain consumers' WTP for e-waste recycling. The model showed that subjective/social norms, moral/personal norms, inconvenience of recycling, perception of e-waste pollution, age, home ownership, and income significantly affected WTP for e-waste recycling. The estimated mean WTP from the Tobit model was 1.588% (Televisions), 1.644% (Computers) and 1.656% (Mobile phones) of the purchasing bills. The findings are useful for policy-makers in developing more effective environmental management policies for e-waste.
... Norms are the fundamental concepts; these are the rules and expectations which socially enforced; they can be the ones that encourage positive behavior of employees in the organization and discourage the negative ones by including the perspective and prospective behavior in the EE (Horne, 2019). In 1997, Schwartz, given a norm's activation model, defined personnel norms from the core's perspective, referring to the personal sense of ethical obligations to act (Bai and Bai, 2020). One of the significant norms related to self-identity is PEN, which are well-established significant factors influencing the behavior of employees. ...
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employee engagement (EE) through mediating effect of personal environmental norms (PEN) and employee green behavior (EGB).
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model was validated using 360 employees data from manufacturing and service industries.
Findings
The findings confirmed that CSR is the positive and significant driver of EE. The results also demonstrated PEN and green employee behavior partly mediate this relationship.
Practical implications
The finding of this study enriches the existing literature and social outcomes of CSR. Theoretical and practical contributions have been discussed in detail.
Originality/value
The study demonstrates CSR is significantly related to EE, mediated via PEN and EGB, highlighting the necessity for micro-level CSR research. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first and foremost empirical research that establishes the mediating effects of PEN and EGB between CSR and EE in the Indian context.
... Thogersen (2006) believes that PN guides human behaviour through the conception of right and wrong behaviour. It helps to develop an individual's sense of moral responsibility and values towards others (Bai & Bai 2020 Gleim et al., 2013;Joshi & Rahman, 2015;Schwartz, 1977;Wang et al., 2014;Young et al., 2010). Jansson et al., (2018) found electronic vehicle adopters exhibited high levels of personal norms which are more effective in explaining the behaviour as compared to external social norms, due to their lesser level of internalization. ...
... The study shows that an individuals' value systems, ethics, moral obligations and personal responsibilities are essential in influencing their BI for SMB. This complies with the work of various scholars (Bachman et al., 2018;Bai & Bai, 2020;Jansson et al., 2017) who found a strong effect of PN in fostering environment and socially responsible behaviour. ...
The current mobility behaviour of consumers has threatened the life of people and ecosystems. Thus, it becomes imperative to explore the motives and hurdles blocking the way towards a cleaner, safer and affordable mobility system. This study investigates the determinants of consumers’ sustainable mobility behaviour using the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). For this, the study incorporates four additional variables (environmental knowledge, government actions, personal norms, and product attributes) into the original TPB model. Using a self-administered questionnaire, data is collected from a sample of 440 Indian consumers, and hypotheses are tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). The result reveals a significant positive impact of the product attributes, perceived behavioural control, attitude, environmental knowledge, and personal norms on the behavioural intentions of consumers to adopt sustainable mobility behaviour, while social norms and government actions are not found to affect the consumer’s sustainable mobility intentions. Moreover, the study finds that the respondents do not prefer to pool or share their private vehicles very much and are also reluctant to use public transport for daily commuting to their workplace. They pay greater importance to the quality, trust and user-friendliness of the products while making a consumption decision. The study thus suggests a mix of strategies that can be taken into consideration by producers, marketers, and policymakers to encourage consumers’ sustainable mobility behaviour.
... In addition, the public implementation intention in Shanghai has increased significantly, which may be related to the fact that stopping food waste has been incorporated into social norms in Shanghai after the release-style communication. Social norms are generally accepted moral standards and codes of conduct in society, which can be regarded as a kind of social pressure [59]. Social norms are an important determinant of behavior [60]. ...
Release-type communication is a common way to guide the public to reduce food waste. It is of great significance to clarify the intervention effect of release-type communication on residents’ waste behavior and reveal the time evolution law of public response to reduce food waste. This study obtains 13,958 comments on food waste through big data mining and explores characteristics of public response to food waste behavior in different time and space from two dimensions of support intention and implementation intention. Through statistical analysis, empirical mode decomposition method, and cross-analysis, we find that: Public concern about release-type communication to stop food waste has experienced five stages: Incubation period, outbreak period, recession period, second outbreak period, and fading period. Overall, the support intention presents a down-up-down trend, the implementation intention rises and then descends, both appear inflection point in recession period. The trend term of empirical mode decomposition shows that the support intention goes down, the implementation intention goes up. Besides, the support intention and implementation intention of release-type communication to stop food waste are generally higher in western China. In particular, the support intention is significantly reduced in Beijing, Guangdong, and Fujian. The implementation intention is significantly increased in Shanghai, while it’s reduced notably in Shandong. This study provides important implications for guiding the public to reduce food waste, the government should formulate differentiated governance strategies to guide the public to reduce food waste according to the time change characteristics and spatial territorial differences of the public on release-type communication.
