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Comparison of mean adipocytokines levels between cases (black bars) of IHD and CVD and their controls (white bars). P*<0.05, P**<0.01. (a) Adiponectin is significantly reduced only in IHD with respect to controls. (b) RBP4 is reduced in a significant manner in IHD and increased significantly in CVD with respect to controls. (c) aFABP is significantly increased only in CVD with respect to controls. (d) Visfatin is significantly reduced both in IHD and CVD with respect to controls.
Source publication
Background and Aims. The secretion of several adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aFABP), and visfatin, is altered in subjects with abdominal adiposity; these endocrine alterations could contribute to increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of the study was to assess the relati...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... other significant differences between cases and controls were observed. Circulating adiponectin levels were significantly lower in cases of IHD with respect to controls (P = 0.021), while no difference was associated with CVD cases Figure 1(a)). The difference of adiponectin levels between cases of IHD and their controls retained statistical signif- icance at multivariate analysis after adjustment for compo- nents of the metabolic syndrome, with an increased risk of IHD of 61% (2-161) (P < 0.05) for each decrement of 1 μg/mL. ...Context 2
... difference of adiponectin levels between cases of IHD and their controls retained statistical signif- icance at multivariate analysis after adjustment for compo- nents of the metabolic syndrome, with an increased risk of IHD of 61% (2-161) (P < 0.05) for each decrement of 1 μg/mL. Circulating RBP4 levels were significantly increased in cases of CVD with respect to controls (P = 0.001), while they resulted decreased in a significant manner in cases of IHD respect to controls (P = 0.006) (Figure 1(b)). Circulating aFABP levels were significantly increased in cases of CVD with respect to controls (P = 0.041), while no difference was associated with IHD ( Figure 1(c)). ...Context 3
... RBP4 levels were significantly increased in cases of CVD with respect to controls (P = 0.001), while they resulted decreased in a significant manner in cases of IHD respect to controls (P = 0.006) (Figure 1(b)). Circulating aFABP levels were significantly increased in cases of CVD with respect to controls (P = 0.041), while no difference was associated with IHD ( Figure 1(c)). Circulating visfatin levels were significantly lower in cases of both CVD and IHD with respect to controls (P = 0.014 and P = 0.035, resp.) ...Similar publications
Objective:
Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2), which is mainly expressed from adipose tissue, is demonstrated to be involved in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. Because several adipocytokines are known to be associated with heart failure (HF), here we investigated the association of ANGPTL2 and HF in Taiwanese subjects.
Method...
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a novel adipokine secreted by adipocytes and the liver, has elevated levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its association with human metabolic diseases remains controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the associations of plasma RBP4 levels with oxidative stress, inflammatory marke...
Adipokines may be potential mediators of the association between excess adiposity and vascular dysfunction. We assessed the cross-sectional associations of circulating adipokines with vascular stiffness in a community-based cohort of younger adults. We related circulating concentrations of leptin and leptin receptor, adiponectin, retinol-binding pr...
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), the sole retinol transporter in blood, is secreted from adipocytes and liver. Serum RBP4 levels correlate highly with insulin resistance, other metabolic syndrome factors, and cardiovascular disease. Elevated serum RBP4 causes insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that RBP4 indu...
Aims/introduction:
To observe the longitudinal changes in serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism parameters in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during mid- and late pregnancy periods, as well as to identify whether there is any association between AFABP and development of GD...
Citations
... Leptin activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, increasing the expression of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the hypothalamus through direct and indirect mechanisms which ultimately results in the increased secretion of thyroid hormones and enhanced whole-body catabolism [8]. Recently, fatty acid binding protein type 4 (FABP4), fetuin-A and retinol binding protein type 4 (RBP4) emerged as adipokines with detrimental metabolic effects and as potential biomarkers of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Changes in their concentrations were observed in obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia as well as thyroid diseases. ...
... Most of the current research corroborates the usefulness of RBP4 as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. Increased RBP4 concentrations correlate with established cardiovascular risk factors [10] as well as ischemic cardiovascular incidents [9,155], and could serve as a marker of cardiovascular disease in both diabetic [156], and non-diabetic subjects [157]. However, opposing results were also reported [158][159][160]. ...
Signalling between the tissues integrating synthesis, transformation and utilization of energy substrates and their regulatory hormonal axes play a substantial role in the development of metabolic disorders. Interactions between cytokines, particularly liver derived hepatokines and adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue, constitute one of major areas of current research devoted to metabolic dysregulation. The thyroid exerts crucial influence on the maintenance of basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, while its dysfunction promotes the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the interplay between three adipokines: fatty acid binding protein type 4, fetuin-A, retinol binding protein type 4 and thyroid hormones, that shed a new light onto mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, cardiovascular complications, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes accompanying thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, we summarize clinical findings on those cytokines in the course of thyroid disorders.
... Binary logistic regression analysis with backward stepwise elimination was utilized to evaluate the association between assessed CVDs biomarkers and PON1 (Q192R) genotype adjusting for risk factors and corresponding odds ratios were calculated according to methods described by Armitage et al. (2013). For logistic regression analysis, dependent variables (ADMA, FABP4, and miR-155) were dichotomized using levels suggested as possible cut points for clinical use for each molecular biomarker (Leong et al., 2008;Pala et al., 2012;Perez-Vazquez et al., 2017;Ruiz-Vera et al., 2019a, 2019c. Finally, forward multiple linear regression analyses were done to assess the impact of independent variables (urinary arsenic levels, PON1 (Q192R) genotype, biochemical variables, anthropometric measurements) on serum levels of quantified CVDs biomarkers (dependent variables). ...
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of death worldwide. However, little is known about how the interaction between risk factors affects CVDs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the gene-environment interaction (arsenic exposure x PON1 Q192R polymorphism) on serum levels of CVDs biomarkers in Mexican women. Urinary arsenic levels (UAs) ranged from 5.50–145 μg/g creatinine. The allele frequency was 0.38 and 0.62 for the Q and R alleles, respectively. Moreover, significant associations (p<0.05) were detected between UAs and CVDs biomarkers (ADMA, FABP4, and miR-155). Comparable data were found when CVDs biomarkers were evaluated through PON1 genotype, significant (p<0.05) higher serum concentrations of CVDs biomarkers were identified in R allele carriers compared to levels found in Q allele carriers. Besides, a gene-environment interaction was documented. The results of this study we believe should be of significant interest to regulatory authorities worldwide.
... Furthermore, women with circulating FABP4 levels > 23.5 ng/mL were at a high-risk to develop CVD incidents (Chow et al. 2013). Consistently, a case-control study that enrolled individuals from the Firenze-Bagno a Ripoli (FIBAR) cohort detected significantly higher serum FABP4 levels (18.0 ng/mL) in individuals with a cardiovascular incident during a follow-up period (35 months) compared to circulating FABP4 concentrations (12.5 ng/mL) detected in individuals without CVD events (Pala et al. 2012). Comparing the circulating FABP4 levels found in this study with concentrations detected in above-described investigations, we can note that serum FABP4 levels in women with QR (21.0 ± 5.00 ng/mL) and RR (27.5 ± 7.50 ng/mL) genotype included in this research are similar or higher than detected in the abovedescribed studies. ...
Human paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a hydrolytic enzyme related in the onset, establishment, and progression of inflammatory illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Therefore, the primary goal of this investigation was to determinate the influence of the PON1 gene polymorphism (Q192R) on prognostic biomarkers of CVD in women (n = 350) from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. For everyone enrolled, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical measurements were acquired. Q192R polymorphism of the PON1 gene was assessed by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes. Also, quantification and/or calculation of suggested predictive CVD biomarkers were completed. The association between PON1(Q192R) polymorphism with clinical predictive CVD biomarkers was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Genotype PON1 (Q192R) frequencies were: 18%, 47% and 35% for QQ, QR, and RR, respectively. Besides, the frequency of the variant R allele was 0.58. Furthermore, robust significant associations were found between PON1 (Q192R) polymorphism with serum ADMA [OR (95% CI); 3.50 (1.20–5.00), p < 0.01]; FABP4 [2.50 (2.15–3.95), p < 0.01]; and miR-126 [1.50 (1.15–2.00), p < 0.01] levels after adjusting for probable confounders. Data found in this research strongly support the notion that proposes a crucial role of PON1 enzyme (Q192R polymorphism) as a genetic determinant in the CVD risk in Mexican women.
... This result could suggest that RBP4 measurement in women can be a reliable predictor of the developing CV events, and could provide prognostic knowledge. The comparable result was obtained in the study by Pala et al., where RBP4 levels were statistically increased among individuals with incidental fatal or nonfatal ischemic heart disease, or the cerebrovascular disease, when compared to the control group [118]. Furthermore, the RBP4/adiponectin ratio was significantly increased among individuals with nascent metabolic syndrome and, thus, could constitute a predictor of CVD in this patient group in large, prospective studies [89]. ...
Although many preventive and treatment approaches have been proposed, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Current epidemiological data require the specification of new causative factors, as well as the development of improved diagnostic tools to provide better cardiovascular management. Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue among patients suffering from obesity not only constitutes one of the main risk factors of CVD development but also alters adipokines. Increased attention is devoted to bioactive adipokines, which are also produced by the adipose tissue. The retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been associated with numerous CVDs and is presumably associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. With this in mind, exploring the role of RBP4, particularly among patients with obesity, could be a promising direction and could lead to better CVD prevention and management in this patient group. In our review, we summarized the current knowledge about RBP4 and its association with essential aspects of cardiovascular disease—lipid profile, intima-media thickness, atherosclerotic process, and diet. We also discussed the RBP4 gene polymorphisms essential from a cardiovascular perspective.
... 17 Some studies have tested the differences in serum or plasma visfatin concentrations between CAD cases and controls but with inconsistent findings. [18][19][20][21][22] Currently, a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the relationship between peripheral blood visfatin concentrations and CAD is lacking. To fill this gap in knowledge, we attempted to quantify this relationship via a meta-analysis of published observational studies in terms of weighted mean difference (WMD). ...
... Using predefined key terms, 122 articles were identified from MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Knowledge databases, and 107 of them were excluded due to specific reasons as presented in Figure 1, leaving 15 articles published from 2008 to 2017 in the final analysis. [18][19][20][21][22][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] In total, 1053 CAD cases and 714 controls were meta-analyzed. One article showing data per CAD and acute coronary syndrome 28 was treated separately only in the subgroup analysis stratified by CAD types (16 studies: 1053 cases and 765 controls). ...
... The differences in peripheral blood visfatin concentrations between CAD cases and controls have been widely investigated but with conflicting results. 19,20,22,28,33 After pooling the results of 15 articles, we found that patients with CAD had significantly higher mean concentrations of peripheral blood visfatin than controls. However, a note of caution should be sounded, as there was strong evidence of between-study heterogeneity and a high probability of publication bias may confound or bias the interpretation. ...
A comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the relationship between peripheral blood visfatin concentrations and coronary artery disease (CAD) is lacking. This study is the first attempt to quantify this relationship via a meta-analysis of published observational studies in terms of weighted mean difference (WMD). Literature retrieval, article selection, and data extraction were conducted. Heterogeneity was inspected using both subgroup and meta-regression analyses. In total, 15 articles involving 1053 CAD cases and 714 controls were included. Overall, peripheral blood visfatin concentrations were significantly higher in CAD cases than in controls (WMD: 4.72 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.97-6.47; P < .001), with significant heterogeneity and publication bias. Six studies were theoretically missing based on filled funnel plot, and considering the impact of these missing studies still detected a significant overall mean difference in visfatin (WMD: 2.82 ng/mL; 95% CI: 2.22-3.58; P < .001; number of studies: 21). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses indicated age, body mass index, race, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were identified as possible causes of heterogeneity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased peripheral blood visfatin concentrations may be a risk marker of CAD.
... The complex interactions between these risk factors contribute to chronic organ damage. Obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia lead to the remodelling of the heart and blood vessels, producing chronic cardiovascular complications in which a variety of bioactive substances secreted by the adipose tissue, known as adipokines, is involved [5]. Adipokines play a key role in the development of metabolic syndrome. ...
PurposePreventive health effects of coffee could have a widespread impact on public health. Green coffee has more phenols than roasted, and thus is healthier, although with less acceptable organoleptic properties. Therefore, the effects of regularly consuming a green/roasted coffee blend (35/65) on the main components of MetS in humans were evaluated. MethodsA crossover, randomized, controlled study was performed in 25 normocholesterolaemic and 27 hypercholesterolaemic men and women aged 18–45 years with BMI 18–25 kg/m2. Three servings/day of the blend, providing 510.6 mg hydroxycinnamic acids and 121.2 mg caffeine/day, were consumed versus a control drink, during 8 weeks each. Polyphenol and methylxanthine-rich foods were restricted along the study. At the beginning (baseline) and end of the control and coffee interventions, blood samples were collected and glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), resistin and visfatin were analysed; waist circumference, %body fat, and blood pressure were measured and dietary records and physical activity questionnaires completed. ResultsSystolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) in both groups as well as %body fat (p = 0.001) which may be related to the lower leptin (p = 0.001), PAI-1 (p < 0.001) and resistin (p = 0.034) levels in the two groups after coffee consumption. Glucose concentration (p = 0.030) and insulin resistance (p = 0.011; HOMA-IR) also decreased, as well as triglyceride levels (p = 0.017), so that the reduction was much greater in the hypercholesterolaemics (group effect, p = 0.027). Conclusion
Regular consumption of the green/roasted coffee blend may be recommended to healthy and hypercholesterolaemic subjects to prevent MetS, as it produces positive effects on blood pressure, glucose and triglyceride levels.
... A number of studies have been published on the relation of adipokines to cardiovascular risk and the possibility of using them as prevention markers [20][21][22]. However, ischemic stroke is a heterogenic disease and the association between its etiologic subtypes and adipokines has not yet been established. ...
Objective
To determine adipokines levels in patients with different etiologic subtypes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) status.
Methods
Serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels were determined by ELISA in 99 AIS patients and 59 stroke-free control group subjects. Stroke patients were grouped based on MetS, modified TOAST classification, and CHA2DS2-VASc scale in case of cardioembolic stroke following atrial fibrillation.
Results
No differences were found in all adipokine serum levels between AIS patients and appropriately matched control group. MetS-AIS patients had significantly higher leptin levels (22.71 ± 19.01 ng/ml versus 8.95 ± 9.22 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and lower adiponectin levels (10.71 ± 8.59 ng/ml versus 14.93 ± 10.95 ng/ml, p < 0.05) than non-MetS-AIS patients. In patients with cardioembolic stroke, leptin levels were significantly higher than in remaining stroke cases (19.57 ± 20.53 ng/ml versus 13.17 ± 12.36 ng/ml, p < 0.05) and CHA2DS2-VASc score positively correlated with leptin levels only (p < 0.001). Analysis of individual components of CHA2DS2-VASc score showed that hypertension, female gender, and diabetes had greatest impact on elevated serum leptin level.
Conclusion
This pilot study revealed that leptin could be a potential biomarker for risk stratification of cardioembolic stroke in MetS patients and that heterogeneity of stroke subtypes should be considered for more refined and precise clinical stroke studies.
... Moreover, a case-control study was performed on 18 patients with a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular incident, compared with 18 matched control subjects (that study was nested within a prospective cohort, on 2945 subjects enrolled in a diabetes screening program). Circulating FABP4 levels were significantly increased in patients with a cardiovascular incident (approximately 18.0 ng/mL) when compared with serum FABP4 levels (approximately 12.5 ng/ml) found in controls (Pala et al. 2012). Levels shown in the study done by Pala et al. (2012) were similar to the ones found in our work-21.0 ...
... Circulating FABP4 levels were significantly increased in patients with a cardiovascular incident (approximately 18.0 ng/mL) when compared with serum FABP4 levels (approximately 12.5 ng/ml) found in controls (Pala et al. 2012). Levels shown in the study done by Pala et al. (2012) were similar to the ones found in our work-21.0 ± 3.0 ng/mL for women with high exposure to PAHs (> 0.24 μmol/mol creatinine) and 10.0 ± 2.5 ng/mL for women with urinary 1-OHP levels below 0.24 μmol/mol creatinine. ...
Recent studies indicate that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a very important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Correspondingly, adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (FABP4, also known as aP2 and AFABP) has been proposed as a new, meaningful and useful biomarker to predict metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate serum FABP4 levels in Mexican women exposed to PAHs. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene ((1-OHP), exposure biomarker for PAHs) levels were quantified using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique, and serum FABP4 concentrations were analyzed using a commercially available ELISA kit. The mean urinary 1-OHP level found in women participating in this study was 1.30 ± 1.10 μmol/mol creatinine (2.45 ± 2.10 μg/g creatinine). Regarding serum FABP4 concentrations, the levels ranged from 3.80 to 62.5 ng/mL in the assessed population. Moreover, a significant association (p < 0.001) was found between urinary 1-OHP levels and serum FABP4 concentrations in women after adjusting for potential confounding variables. The presented data in this study can be considered only as a starting point for further studies. Then, in order to elucidate whether FABP4 represents a risk factor for CVD disease in humans exposed to air contaminants (such as PAHs), large epidemiological studies are necessary.
... polymorphism genotypes. The serum FABP4 levels were dichotomized taking 12.5 ng/ml as the cutoff(Pala et al., 2012). The significance level for all tests was p0.05. ...
Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the genetic effects of PON1 Q192R polymorphism on serum FABP4 levels in Mexican women.
Methods:
PON1 Q192R polymorphism was genotyped using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay and serum FABP4 concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results:
The distribution of genotype frequencies in the assessed women (PON1 Q192R polymorphism) was QQ = 20%, QR = 48%, and RR = 32%. Significant higher serum FABP4 levels were found in women with genotype QR/RR (20.6 ± 2.20 ng/mL), when compared with the levels found in QQ group (12.8 ± 1.70 ng/mL) (p = 0.004). After, odds ratio (OR) was calculated by binomial logistic regression analysis and significantly higher OR was found in QR/RR group when compared with QQ group (OR = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.80-16.50; p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
The results support an association between 192R-allele of the PON1 polymorphism (Q192R) and increased serum FABP4 levels (suggested as an early biomarker of CVDs risk) in assessed Mexican women.
... Yang et al. (10) indicated that RBP4 was a novel adipokine and that its concentrations are elevated in insulin-resistant states associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several other studies observed high concentrations of RBP4 in obesity (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)) as a chronic inflammatory state and in its complications including T2D (16)(17)(18)(19)(20), metabolic syndrome (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). ...
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), previously called retinol binding protein (RBP), is considered a specific carrier of retinol in the blood. It is also an adipokine that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance. RBP4 seems to be correlated with cardiometabolic markers in inflammatory chronic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It has recently been suggested that inflammation produced by RBP4 induces insulin resistance and CVD. The clinical relevance of this hypothesis is discussed in this review. Knowledge concerning the association of RBP4 with inflammation markers, oxidative stress, and CVDs as well as concerning the role of diet and antioxidants in decreasing RBP4 concentrations are discussed. Special attention is given to methodologies used in previously published studies and covariates that should be controlled when planning new studies on this adipokine.
