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Hybridization and introgression are important processes influencing the genetic diversity and evolution of species. These processes are of particular importance in protected areas, where they can lead to the formation of hybrids between native and foreign species and may ultimately result in the loss of parental species from their natural range. De...
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... carpatica appears to be a hybrid of the diploid S. aria and the tetraploid S. intermedia. It is a tree or shrub, characterized by broad leaves on short sterile shoots. Leaves are elliptical to broadly elliptical, lobed or conspicuously double serrate (Fig. 5). However, the diversity of leaf shape observed for S. carpatica makes it challenging to differentiate it from other Sorbus species based on leaf morphology alone. Therefore, genetic analysis are needed for its proper delamination. Tested individuals of S. carpatica contain three alleles at some microsatellite loci, what indicates that ...
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... Sorbus species and cultivars are important ornamental trees and medicinal plants [3]. They are deciduous trees or shrubs with lobed [4] or pinnately compound leaves [5]. They have pleasing umbel inflorescence and typically bloom in May. ...
Slow growth storage can preserve the genetic resources of endangered species such as those of genus Sorbus. Our aim was to study the storability of rowan berry in vitro cultures, their morpho-physiological changes, and regeneration ability after different storage conditions (4 ± 0.5 °C, dark; and 22 ± 2 °C, 16/8 h light/dark). The cold storage lasted for 52 weeks, and observations were made every four weeks. Cultures showed 100% survival under cold storage, and those taken from the storage showed 100% regeneration capacity after the passages. A dormancy period lasting about 20 weeks was observed, followed by intensive shoot growth until the 48th week, which led to the exhaustion of the cultures. The changes could be traced to the reduction of the chlorophyll content and the Fv/Fm value, as well as in the discoloration of the lower leaves and the appearance of necrotic tissues. Long, etiolated shoots (89.3 mm) were obtained at the end of cold storage. Shoot cultures stored in a growth chamber as control (22 ± 2 °C, 16/8 h light/dark) senesced and died after 16 weeks. Explants from stored shoots were subcultured for four weeks. The number and length of newly developed shoots were significantly higher on explants from cold storage compared to those from control cultures if the storage was longer than one week.
In overlapping distribution areas of Sorbus pohuashanensis and S. discolor in North China (Mount Tuoliang, Mount Xiling and Mount Baihua), Sorbus individuals were found with pink fruit, which have never been recorded for the flora of China. Fourteen morphological characters combined with four chloroplast DNA markers and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were used to analyze the origin of the Sorbus individuals with pink fruits and their relationship to S. pohuashanensis and S. discolor . PCA, SDA and one-way (taxon) ANOVA of morphological characters provided convincing evidence of the hybrid origin of Sorbus individuals with pink fruits based on a novel morphological character and many intermediate characters. Haplotype analysis based on four cpDNA markers showed that either S. pohuashanensis or S. discolor were maternal parents of Sorbus individuals with pink fruits. Incongruence of the position of Sorbus individuals with pink fruits between cpDNA and ITS in cluster trees supported by DNA sequence comparative analysis, implying former hybridization events between S. pohuashanensis and S. discolor . Multiple hybridization events between S. pohuashanensis and S. discolor might have contributed to the generation of Sorbus individuals with pink fruits. This study has provided insights into hybridization between species of the same genus in sympatric areas, which is of great significance for the study of interspecific hybridization.
Gladiolus palustris (marsh Gladiolus) of wet grasslands is an extremely rare and highly
endangered species in Central Europe. Ongoing loss of habitat, population fragmentation, drought,
and higher mean annual temperatures caused by global warming have all contributed to a severe
decline in its population over the past few decades. Additionally, hybridization with other species,
such as G. imbricatus and G. illyricus, and genetic depletion may pose a significant threat to the species’
survival. The focus of this study is to characterize major gene pools of the species in southern and
southwestern Germany. Using molecular AFLP markers and ITS DNA sequencing, this study shows
that past hybridization and introgression in Central Europe are more extensive than previously
thought, posing a challenge to conservation strategies targeting taxonomically defined species. The
region of the Rhine River in southwestern Germany (Upper Rhine Valley) has seen the emergence
of various scattered populations of G. palustris over the past three decades, which are believed to
have been introduced by humans. Introduced populations in this area (comprising the German
Federal States of Baden–Württemberg and Rhineland–Palatinate) likely descend from a large source
population near Lake Constance. Therefore, the study suggests promoting and protecting these new
populations, given their long-standing presence in the region. Furthermore, the research proposes
that naturally occurring hybrids and introgressed populations should also be the primary target of
conservation efforts.
