Table 3 - uploaded by Thuy Chu Van
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Source publication
In this study, the composition of exhaust from a marine diesel auxiliary engine running on Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) on-board a large cargo vessel was investigated. Measurements of particle number and size distributions in the range 5-1000 nm and gaseous emissions of O 2, CO, CO 2 , SO 2 and NO x were undertaken. The measurements were performed on two l...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... fuel-dependent specific emissions of SO 2 and CO 2 is given in Figure 2a are generally proportional to the fuel carbon and sulphur content, and therefore these emission factors of SO 2 and CO 2 seem to be constant as was expected. Of most interest in this study is that the emission factor of SO 2 was much higher than that of compared studies (Table 3), which is the result of higher sulphur content fuel used in this research. The theoretical value of SO 2 emission factor calculated in this study was around 16.6 g/kWh, which was significantly less than measured cases. ...
Context 2
... emission of NO x depends on the engine temperature, and thus the emission of NO x presented in Figure 2a and 3 shows a dependence on engine load in which high engine load produces the highest emission. Shown in Table 3, the value of NO x emission in the present research was much lower than that of previous studies, this may be due to difference engine types and working conditions. ...
Citations
... Exhaust emissions from ships have negative effects on both the environment and public health (Anderson et al., 2015;Blasco et al., 2014; Chu Van et al., 2016;Corbett et al., 2007;Reda et al., 2015;Ristovski et al., 2012). Based on sufficient evidence in 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is part of the World Health Organization (WHO), classified diesel engine exhaust as carcinogenic substance to human health (Group 1, same as asbestos). ...
... Heavy fuel oil (HFO), which contains many impurities including high levels of sulphur and metals, is used by almost all types of ship due to its economic benefit (Chu Van et al., 2016). Corbett (2003) has estimated that the yearly amount of fuel consumption was nearly 290 million tonnes globally, in which approximately 80% was HFO. ...
This study investigated particle and gaseous emission factors from a large cargo vessel for her whole voyage including at berth, manoeuvring and cruising. Quantification of these factors assists in minimising the uncertainty in the current methods of exhaust gas emission factor estimation. Engine performance and emissions from the main marine engine were measured on-board while the ship was manoeuvring and cruising at sea. Emissions of an auxiliary engine working at 55% of maximum continuous rating (MCR) were measured when the ship was at actual harbour stopovers. Gaseous and particle emission factors in this study are presented in g kWh(-1) or # kWh(-1), and compared with previous studies. Results showed that the SO2 emission factor is higher than that of previous studies due to the high sulphur content of the fuel used. The particle number size distributions showed only one mode for different operating conditions of the ship, with a peak at around 40-50 nm, which was dominated by ultrafine particles. Emission factors of CO, HC, PM and PN observed during ship manoeuvring were much higher than that of those recorded at cruising condition. These findings highlight the importance of quantification and monitoring ship emissions in close proximity to port areas, as they can have the highest impact on population exposure.
The maritime sector is characterized by high contribution in the emission of harmful pollutants such as NOX, PM, and SOX. The sector is making decisive steps to drastically reduce its environmental footprint by applying new technology and fuels as a reaction to the increasingly stringent emissions regulatory framework. In order to calculate the contribution of shipping to current emission inventories and to project future developments under different policy scenarios reliable and diversified emission factors have to be developed. In this context the present paper develops a new set of emission factors for ships, based on a review and statistical processing of shipping emission measurements available in literature. To offer significant resolution and versatility for use under different operating conditions, the developed emission factors are expressed as a function of the ship engine load. These emission factors are also distinguished according to the engine and fuel types that are met in practice. The absolute values of the developed emission factors highlight the emission performance of ships per pollutant, while the load dependent functions produced reveal how this emission performance of ships changes under various operating conditions. Finally, a comparison of the developed load dependent emission factors with modal emission factors retrieved from literature is performed specifically for NOX emissions. This comparison indicates the differences and similarities between the two methods as a measure of uncertainty in the estimation of emissions using the proposed emission factor dataset.
