Table 2 - uploaded by Oner Ozdemir
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Food intolerance is an adverse reaction to a particular food or ingredient that may or may not be related to the immune system. A deficiency in digestive enzymes can also cause some types of food intolerances like lactose and gluten intolerance. Food intolerances may cause unpleasant symptoms, including nausea, bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhe...
Citations
... LCT is an enzyme that converts lactose to glucose and galactose, and LCT deficiency induces lactose intolerance and is possibly involved in allergy by modulating immunity. Furthermore, LCT polymorphisms are associated with WBC regulation and genetic disposition to CD14 expression, a marker of monocytes and macrophages [39]. In the present study, PRS of the 7-SNP model were positively associated with WBC count by 2.9-fold, but no association was found between PRS and MetS or its components. ...
White blood cell (WBC) counts represent overall immunity. However, a few studies have been conducted to explore the genetic impacts of immunity and their interaction with lifestyles. We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with a low-WBC risk and document interactions between polygenetic risk scores (PRS), lifestyle factors, and nutrient intakes that influence low-WBC risk in a large hospital-based cohort. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected by genome-wide association study of participants with a low-WBC count (<4 × 109/L, n = 4176; low-WBC group) or with a normal WBC count (≥4 × 109/L, n = 36,551; control group). The best model for gene-gene interactions was selected by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction. PRS was generated by summing selected SNP risk alleles of the best genetic model. Adjusted odds ratio (ORs) of the low-WBC group were 1.467 (1.219–1.765) for cancer incidence risk and 0.458 (0.385–0.545) for metabolic syndrome risk. Vitamin D intake, plant-based diet, and regular exercise were positively related to the low-WBC group, but smoking and alcohol intake showed an inverse association. The 7 SNPs included in the best genetic model were PSMD3_rs9898547, LCT_rs80157389, HLA-DRB1_rs532162239 and rs3097649, HLA-C rs2308575, CDKN1A_rs3176337 and THRA_rs7502539. PRS with 7 SNP model were positively associated with the low-WBC risk by 2.123-fold (1.741 to 2.589). PRS interacted with fat intake and regular exercise but not with other nutrient intakes or lifestyles. The proportion with the low WBC in the participants with high-PRS was lower among those with moderate-fat intake and regular exercise than those with low-fat intake and no exercise. In conclusion, adults with high-PRS had a higher risk of a low WBC count, and they needed to be advised to have moderate fat intake (20–25 energy percent) and regular exercise.
... Food allergies occur as a result of IgE-mediated reactions involving mast cell activation and histamine degranulation [12]. In contrast to food allergies, food intolerances include a range of adverse reactions to a particular food or food additive that may or may not be characterized by immune system involvement [13]. For example, deficiencies in the digestive enzyme lactase result in lactose intolerance. ...
... While digestive symptoms are most common, extraintestinal symptoms including migraines, malaise, asthma, and eczema have also been associated with adverse food reactions [9]. The diagnosis of food intolerance is typically established using elimination and challenge testing of suspected foods [13]. ...
Introduction:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common chronic mental health condition and not all patients respond to pharmacotherapy. Increasing evidence suggests that dietary choices play a role in the pathogenesis of mental illness and serve as modifiable factors with utility in the treatment of these disorders. Although many mechanisms are being explored, one area of study is the role of food hypersensitivity reactions in mental health conditions.
Case presentation:
This article reports on a 34-year-old female patient with MDD whose symptoms improved in response to a dietary intervention involving the elimination of common food allergens. Reintroduction of the foods on several occasions was associated with a worsening of mood symptoms. Serum IgG testing reported results consistent with the reintroduction challenge.
Discussion and conclusions:
Hypothesized mechanisms underlying the potential relationship between food hypersensitivity and MDD are presented. Further research in this area is warranted.
... It often causes abdominal cramps or diarrhea due to the preparations containing foods capable of triggering the reaction. An example of triggers are milk and dairy products when an intolerance to lactose or to fermentable oligo-di-monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) is present and grains containing gluten in the case of gluten sensitivity or celiac disease (CD) [9,21]. ...
Bloating, abdominal discomfort or pain, disturbed bowel habits are very common symptoms, frequently reported by the patients soon after food ingestion. These symptoms may occur in different clinical conditions, such as functional bowel disorders, food adverse reactions, gluten-related syndromes, which frequently are interrelated. Consequently, in clinical practice, it is necessary to perform a correct diagnosis in order to identify, for the single patient, the most appropriate therapeutic strategy, which may include not only specific drugs, but also, and mainly, life style changes (healthy nutritional behavior and constant physical activity). The aim of this review is to provide to the general physician, according to the available evidence, the most appropriate diagnostic work-ups for recognizing the different clinical scenarios (i.e. food allergy and intolerance, functional bowel diseases, gluten-related syndromes), to identify their clinical interrelationships and to suggest the most appropriate management. In fact, as far as food intolerances are concerned, it is well known that the number of patients who believe that their symptoms are related to food intolerance is increasing and consequently they restrict their diet, possibly causing nutritional deficiencies. Furthermore, there is an increasing use of unconventional diagnostic tests for food intolerance which lack accurate scientific evidence; the application of their results may induce misdiagnosis and unhealthy therapeutic choices. Consequently the recognition of food intolerance has to be performed on the basis of reliable tests within an agreed diagnostic workup. © 2015, Romanian Journal of Gastroenterology. All rights reserved.
... Foods/Nutrients produce various symptoms in the cutaneous, gastrointestinal and respiratory systems through IgE-mediated and Non-IgE (cellular) mechanisms [4,12]. There are still several studies conducted in order to figure out how the normal oral tolerance disfunctions and the food allergy occurs [4]. ...
... Food allergy reactions are described by Gell-Coombs Hypersensitivity Reaction; however, food hypersensitivity is a much more complicated reaction [1]. In food allergies, not only the humoral immune response but also the cellular mechanisms play a significant role [4,12]. Type I hypersensitivity reaction develops through IgE. ...
Even in England, where the social welfare level and the average level of consciousness /awareness are higher than the values in our country, the public awareness for the matter involved had not developed before the beginning of 1990s. In those years, the several ensuing deaths, the cause of which was based on food allergy, had drawn much of the media's attention. In the wake of those tragic deaths, the public opinion urged the government to take action on the matter, and within a short time, an alarming situation showed up in the food industry. On the same dates, about a thousand people came together under the roof of the institution called Anaphylaxis Campaign to share their experiences and to find out solutions to this situation. According to the records of that time, the majority of the patients consisted of children aged 15 at most (80%), whereas the nutrient that was complained most about was the peanut (85%). In the face of these figures, the English officials prompted the involved ministries and the government agencies to take action for the purpose of carrying out researches and launching preventive programs. The records kept by the non-governmental organizations (NGO) during that time and the surveys performed so far give us information as to the course of these ailments [3].
... In children, EoE presents with feeding disorders, vomiting, reflux symptoms, and abdominal pain. In adolescents and adults, EoE most often presents with dysphagia and esophageal food impactions [13][14][15] . In some patients, avoidance of specific foods will result in normalization of histopathology. ...
... The pathogenesis of EoE is not completely understood but appears to involve an interplay between genetic factors and environmental exposures. An association between EoE and allergic disorders such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food and environmental allergies has been long established [6][7][8][9][10]. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that appear to confer susceptibility to EoE [11,12]. ...
Background
An association between eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and celiac disease (CD) has been suggested in the literature. Our aim was to confirm and quantify the association between these two diseases.
Methods
All patients in a large Canadian city diagnosed with EoE or CD over a five-year period were identified. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Results
Over the five-year study EoE was diagnosed in 421 patients and CD was diagnosed in 763 patients. The incidence of EoE ranged from 2.1 to 10.7 cases per 100,000 population. The incidence of CD ranged from 10.4 to 15.7 cases per 100,000 population. Among the EoE cohort, 83 (20%) cases of EoE and 245 (32%) cases of CD were diagnosed in pediatric patients. The incidence of EoE in the pediatric subpopulation ranged from 3.7 to 6.9 cases per 100,000 population. The incidence of CD in the pediatric subpopulation ranged from 9.5 to 22.7 cases per 100,000 population. The concomitant diagnosis of both EoE and CD was made in three patients, all of whom were pediatric males. The SIR for EoE in the CD cohort was 48.4 (95% CI = 9.73, 141.41) with a SIR for CD within the paediatric EoE cohort of 75.05 (95% CI = 15.08, 219.28).
Conclusions
This study confirms the association between EoE and CD. However, this association may be limited to pediatrics where the risk of each condition is increased 50 to 75-fold in patients diagnosed with the alternative condition. The concomitant diagnosis of these conditions should be considered in pediatric patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
... Gaitanın mikroskobik incelemesinde lökosit, eritrosit protozoon kisti, trofozoit veya helmint yumurtası yoktu. Laktik asit 29 (4,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)8) mg/dL, ve amonyak 33 (9-30) mMol/L hafif yüksek bulunmasına rağmen, bu bulgular metabolik hastalık açısından anlamlı olarak değerlendirilmedi. Besinlere yönelik (inek sütü, yumurta, buğday, soya, balık, fıstık ve pirinç) özgül IgE'ler, doku transaminaz, antiendomisyum ve antigliadin antikorların sonuçları normal sınırlar içinde geldi. ...
... Eozinofilik gastroenteropati kusma, yangı yerine göre değişen kanamaların görüldüğü, sistemik ve gastrointestinal semptomlarının akut olarak ortaya çıkmadığı, birçok besine karşı özgül IgE'lerin pozitif olarak saptandığı klinik tablodur. 1,14 Yukarıda tartışıldığı gibi, bu klinik tabloların içinde hastalarımız BPİES kliniğine uygunluk göstermektedirler. ...
Food protein induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy that develops in infancy, equally common in both genders and regresses spontaneously until four years of age. Symptoms may begin with vomiting and diarrhoea following food intake and progress to hypovolemic shock. The usually accused food is cow's milk/soy protein. Disease has been reported to be triggered with potato/rice, chicken/fish and oat known as hypoallergic foods. It has recently been considered cell-mediated food allergy. Two cases of typical FPIES were presented to discuss our diagnostic and management approcahes, and to raise awareness among physicians.
... However, there are also exceptions and allergic reactions can occur slower and intolerance reactions faster than 48 h. Food intolerance reactions may be caused by the absence of specific enzymes needed to digest a food substance, or an abnormality in the absorption of specific nutrients, or by naturally occurring chemicals in food (Ozdemir et al. 2009). Food intolerance is diagnosed, in general, by excluding immunological reactions to the food and performing elimination diets and dietary challenges (Kitts et al. 1997). ...
Adverse food reactions (AFR) in dogs are reactions due to apparently harmless food antigens, with an unknown aetiology, i.e. immunopathogenesis. Despite the entry of food allergens via the intestinal tract, in the majority of dogs with AFR, clinical symptoms are only associated with the skin (CAFR). In the present review, factors are presented of relevance in triggering the differentiation of naive T cells into effector T cell types and the role of these T cell types in allergy. More specifically, the allergic immune responses in intestine and skin are discussed in this article as well as the potential pathways, e.g. homing of antigen presenting cells or allergen-induced T cells to the skin, of induction of cutaneous symptoms.
... Several studies have noted improvement in EE with the use of an amino acid-based formula and removal of the food allergens. [19][20][21] Clinicians need to be aware of all the various manifestations of food allergies when evaluating children with feeding difficulties. Dietary modifications such as the removal of milk protein should be considered as an initial or additional treatment modality in children presenting with feeding problems, which may be a result of food allergies. ...
Caregivers have reported feeding difficulties in approximately 25% to 40% of infants/toddlers that comprise a variety of signs/symptoms, though many of these are transient and resolve without significant medical intervention. Feeding problems, however, have been reported to persist in 3% to 10% of children, resulting in the caregivers seeking professional guidance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of feeding team recommendations for infants and young children presenting with signs of milk allergies. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted, with associated follow-up phone surveys. Study participants met criteria based on presenting symptoms of possible milk allergy and received recommendations of milk-free diet and/or allergy testing. A total of 85 medical records were reviewed. Of the 85, 53% (45/85) met inclusion criteria for review; however, only 46% (39/85) were available for follow-up. Of the 39 patients available for follow-up, a milk-free diet was recommended for 67% (26/39), and 69% (18/26) of these families followed through with the recommendations. Of those 18 patients who followed the recommendations, 83% (15/18) reported improvement of symptoms. Our data suggest that recommendations resulting from comprehensive feeding team evaluations of infants and children with suspected milk protein allergies can, when followed, result in improvement of patient symptoms.
... If the food causes symptoms, then the patient will generally be aware of either nasal or non-nasal symptoms after the food challenge. Those who note symptoms on reintroduction of the food are instructed to eliminate the food from their diet for approximately 3 months, after which time the food may be reintroduced into their diet, although the food should not be eaten on a daily basis (Ozdemir et al., 2009). Our immune evaluation for patients with RCRS is displayed inTable 1.All patients should have complete blood cell count with differential, measurement of serum IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgG subclasses as well as allergy skin test or radioallergosorbent test. ...
