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The chloroplast genomic information was obtained from three wild Solanum and four hybrids by chloroplast genome sequencing. The chloroplast genomes of the seven samples comprise of a circular structure and sizes from 155,581 to 155,612 bp and composed of 130 genes. The genome structures of the two hybrids were identical, while the other two hybrids...
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... chloroplast genome structure of the hybrids S. melongena (177) Â S. aethiopicum (y11) and S. aethiopicum (53) Â S. aethiopicum (y11) was identical to that of their respective maternal genomes, whereas S. melongena (177) Â S. torvum showed a 2-bp difference and S. aethiopicum (y11) Â S. melongena (177) had a 4-bp, 1-bp, and 2-bp reduction in the LSC, IR, and SSC, respectively, relative to the maternal plant; all hybrids had GC content identical to that of the maternal plant (Table 1). ...Context 2
... chloroplast genome structure of the hybrids S. melongena (177) Â S. aethiopicum (y11) and S. aethiopicum (53) Â S. aethiopicum (y11) was identical to that of their respective maternal genomes, whereas S. melongena (177) Â S. torvum showed a 2-bp difference and S. aethiopicum (y11) Â S. melongena (177) had a 4-bp, 1-bp, and 2-bp reduction in the LSC, IR, and SSC, respectively, relative to the maternal plant; all hybrids had GC content identical to that of the maternal plant (Table 1). ...Citations
... Previous studies revealed the potential role of the organelles, e.g. mitochondria and plastids aroused by the maternal inheritance (Sofi et al., 2007;Weihe et al., 2009;El-Keblawy et al., 2016;Li et al., 2021;Park et al., 2021). Wang et al. (2020) reported that organelle-to-nucleus signalling is mediated by various of organelle-generated molecules that direct plant responses, many involving environmental sensing. ...
... Thus, modulation of redox homeostasis in the mitochondria in TxS bears also on retrograde signalling of plastids, leading to the critical role of maternal inheritance of the two organelles. Investigations of the maternal chloroplast inheritance by sequencing the chloroplast genomes unveil similarities between the maternal parent cultivars and their hybrids (Li et al., 2021;Park et al., 2021). Plastid functions appear similarly intrinsic to establishing energy balance and stress perception by the plant. ...
Maternal effects are ubiquitous in nature and have been demonstrated in a wide array of traits and taxa. In many species, the genotype of the mother is a major determinant of the phenotype of her offspring. In plants, less is known about the levels of sensitivity to stresses-mediated maternal effects. We generated 12 reciprocal crossed F2 lines from two salt-tolerant and two salt-sensitive wheat cultivars to distinguish the influence of the maternal effect from the influence of the offspring genome on the expression of offspring traits under high-salinity (250 mM NaCl). SSR markers screening of the reciprocal hybrid genotypes and parents’ nuclear genomes and Sanger sequencing of low-, medium-, and high-dominant markers revealed insignificant changes in the nuclear genome among offspring and parents. However, interestingly, the offspring with salt-tolerant mothers showed higher salt tolerance than those with salt-sensitive mothers. This study shed light on still unresolved fundamental questions regarding the potential of maternal genetic effects contribute to stress tolerance and the non-completely control by nuclear genetic factors, which may open future research avenues as a source of a quality shift in subsequent offspring that any genetic analysis of tolerance traits must consider.
Polyploidy has played an important role in the Spartina system. However, the genomic changes following polyploidy evolution are complex and poorly understood, especially in the recent allopolyploid species Spartina anglica. In the present study, we used the nuclear Waxy gene in conjunction with multiple chloroplast DNA genes (trnK intron + matK, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, trnV-ndhC, trnT-trnL, ndhF, ccsA, and ycf3) to investigate the evolution of Waxy homoeologs and chloroplast genes following allopolyploid formation in S. anglica. Our results revealed that most of the chloroplast regions analyzed were conserved and undistinguishable from the maternal parent (Spartina alterniflora); however, some regions (trnK intron + matK and rps16-trnK) have already undergone some changes and are slightly differentiated from the maternal parent. In the nuclear Waxy gene, at least four copies were expected in S. anglica; however, only two homoeologous copies of maternal origin were recovered, which are evolving under selective constraints. Our results indicate that, despite the presumed genetic uniformity of S. anglica, some structural genome changes have occurred in Korean individuals, and thus, the S. anglica genome may be more dynamic than previously thought. This provides more insights into the evolutionary history of Spartina species and may have implications for the success and diversification of S. anglica.
The eggplant (Solanum melongena) is a popular vegetable around the world. However, the origin and evolution of eggplant has long been considered complex and unclear, which has become the barrier to improvements in eggplant breeding. Sequencing and comparative analyses of 13 complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of seven Solanum species were performed. Genome sizes were between 154,942 and 156,004 bp, the smallest genome was from S. torvum and the largest from S. macrocapon. Thirteen cp genomes showed highly conserved sequences and GC contents, particularly at the subgenus level. All genes in the 13 genomes were annotated. The cp genomes in this study comprised 130 genes (i.e., 80 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 42 tRNA genes), apart from S. sisymbriifolium, which had 129 (79 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 42 tRNA genes.). The rps16 was absent from the cp genome of S. sisymbriifolium, resulting in a nonsense mutation. Twelve hotspot regions of the cp genome were identified, which showed a series of sequence variations and differed significantly in the inverted repeat/single-copy boundary regions. Furthermore, phylo-genetic analysis was conducted using 46 cp genomic sequences to determine interspecific genetic and phylogenetic relationships in Solanum species. All species formed two branches, one of which contained all cultivars of the subgenus Leptostemonum. The cp genome data and phylogenetic analysis provides molecular evidence revealing the origin and evolutionary relationships of S. melongena and its wild relatives. Our findings suggest precise intra-and interspecies relatedness within the subgenus Leptostemonum, which has positive implications for work on improvements in eggplant breeding, particularly in producing heterosis, expanding the source of species variation, and breeding new varieties.
Vanilla planifolia is an orchid of cultural and economic value. However, its cultivation in many tropical countries is threatened by water stress. In contrast, V. pompona is a species that is tolerant of prolonged periods of drought. Due to the need for plants’ resistant to water stress, the use of hybrids of these two species is considered. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and physio-chemical responses of in vitro vanilla seedlings of the parental genotype V. planifolia, and the hybrids V. planifolia × V. pompona and V. pompona × V. planifolia, which were then exposed over five weeks to polyethylene glycol-induced water stress (−0.49 mPa). Stem and root length, relative growth rate, number of leaves and roots, stomatal conductance, specific leaf area, and leaf water content were determined. Metabolites potentially associated with the response to water stress were identified in leaves, through untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Both hybrids exhibited a smaller decrease in the morphophysiological responses compared to V. planifolia and exhibited an enrichment of metabolites such as carbohydrates, amino acids, purines, phenols, and organic acids. Hybrids of these two species are considered as a potential alternative to the traditional cultivation of vanilla to face drought in a global warming scenario.
