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![Comparison of average electricity consumption in the survey and in single and double family households in Germany with our without electric water heating (EWH) (source: Own survey,[2])](publication/282521275/figure/fig2/AS:654069391687689@1532953703372/Comparison-of-average-electricity-consumption-in-the-survey-and-in-single-and-double.png)
Comparison of average electricity consumption in the survey and in single and double family households in Germany with our without electric water heating (EWH) (source: Own survey,[2])
Source publication
PV-storage-systems play a more and more important role in the energy system, especially in private households. Not only can they be used to increase self-consumption but they can provide ancillary services like peak-shaving or balancing energy. It can be tricky to use private PV-storage-systems for the latter because this could mean economic losses...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... put the results into an overall context we also collected socio-economic data from the interviewed PV owners. Most of the PVsystems in the survey have been installed in 2011 (35 %) and 2012 (33 %) followed by PVsystems installed in 2010 (22 %) and 2013 (10 %). Only 1 % of the PVsystems have been installed 2014 (in total 6), which is on the one hand due to the fact that the survey period was May to August 2014 and on the other hand due to decreasing number of installed PVsystems after the amendments to the German Renewable Energy Act (EEG) in 2014 and the adjusted feed-in tariffs. Fig. 1 shows that the relative distribution in performance categories between 5, 10 and 15 kWp in the survey approximately matches the German average clustered for the years 2010 to 2014. The largest difference can be found in 2014 where the total number of PVsystems is very small. Beside the installed PV capacity the PV owners have been questioned about the number of persons per household, house type, electricity consumption and gross household income. The majority of the interviewed PV owners live in a two-person household (32 %). Another large share lives in a three-and four-person household (25 % each). With approx. 76 % are most of the PV owners living in a single family house. The mean value of electricity consumption by number of persons per household in this survey can be seen in Fig. 2 where a comparison with average data in Germany [2] is done. The mean value of the gross household income is 3,385 Euro, which is under the mean value in Germany of 3,989 Euro [3]. The difference is rather big and it is not clear whether the interviewed persons might have given their net household income which is 3,069 Euro in the German average [3] or if the results are distorted by the 18 % that did not declare their ...
Citations
... When investors obtain higher profitability than other investments, the cost of production is a levy and gets a clean environment and security. RE is also positively associated with the survival of the human race, and it meets their psychological needs (Chen et al., 2019;Gao et al., 2020;Ku and Yoo, 2010;Gährs et al., 2015). ...
Purpose
The present research study aims to explore the impact of renewable energy (RE) on investors willing to invest. This current study also investigates the mediation role of perceived benefit (PB) and living creature’s development (LCD) among RE and investors willing to invest.
Design/methodology/approach
Pakistani per capita income level is low; usually, the population lives hand to mouth. Only 10% to 15% of the population has been saving and is willing to invest in different sectors. To meet the aim of this study, data were collected from 300 individuals with a 40% response rate investors, equity fund managers and Pakistani stock exchanges using a nonprobability convenient sampling approach. The partial least square structural equation modeling technique and Smart partial least squares 3.0 were used to determine the primary and medicating effects of the variables.
Findings
The analysis shows that RE and investor willing to invest strongly linked each other directly and indirectly. PB and LCD significantly partial mediate the connection among RE and investor willing to invest. Hence, the results suggest that RE has more sustainable development goals with using and accessing affordable green and reliable energy.
Originality/value
The present study narrows the research gap by examining the effect of RE on investor willing to invest via PB and LCD. Also, it provides essential information for effective energy policies contributed to the sustainable development goals and gives valuable suggestions for policymaker and government.
... New market players are emerging, changing customer utility relationships as the grid is challenged with intermittent loads and integration needs for Information and Communications Technologies and interfering with the consumers' requirements of autonomy and privacy [89,90]. Although most private PV owners of this small minority of consumers would make their storage system available as a balancing load for the grid operator, the acquisition of new batteries for a vast majority of consumers requires incentives [91]. For distributed energy hubs, the adoption of such measures depends on the amount of local benefits-economic, environmental, or social [92], and increases in the localities around demonstration projects [65]. ...
Low-carbon solutions for buildings are key for attaining climate targets globally, but understanding the factors influencing their adoption remains lacking. Thus, we systematically map the peer-reviewed literature including all perspectives, methodologies, solutions, and world regions to provide quantitative and narrative syntheses. We found that most studies focus on developed regions, with the biggest cluster on renewable energy in Europe. Worldwide, low-carbon material solutions are the least investigated, whereas behavioral issues and circular economy are rarely examined in developed regions. Economic, informational, and attitudinal aspects are tackled more often than socio-technical issues. Adoption is more frequently described in terms of enabling reasons than barriers. Despite proven positive environmental attitudes and willingness to adopt low-carbon solutions, these are outweighed by financial aspects all over the world. A detailed account of the findings concerning reasons and barriers for adoption is presented for different solution categories.
... Different authors have evaluated the user acceptance of PV battery storage systems or asked for possible Daniel Fett daniel.fett@kit.edu 1 Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hertzstr. 16, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany reasons for the installation of PV battery storage systems (Figgener et al. 2018(Figgener et al. , 2017Gährs et al. 2015;. However, to our knowledge, so far, the main factors influencing individuals' acceptance of PV battery systems have not been analyzed with the help of regressionor structural equation models (SEM). ...
This study presents the results of an analysis of user acceptance of PV battery storage systems. A structural equation model is developed based on Davis' technology acceptance model (TAM). It is expanded by integrating elements of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB). The main factors influencing the acceptance of PV battery storage systems are evaluated and analyzed. Empirical findings indicate that survey participants' acceptance of PV battery storage systems is mainly influenced by their behavioral beliefs, perceived knowledge about battery storage systems, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness of PV battery storage systems. The results indicate a high degree of acceptance for PV battery storage systems.
... When investors obtain higher profitability than other investments, the cost of production is a levy and gets a clean environment and security. RE is also positively associated with the survival of the human race, and it meets their psychological needs (Chen et al., 2019;Gao et al., 2020;Ku and Yoo, 2010;Gährs et al., 2015). ...
Purpose: The present research study aims to explore the impact of renewable energy (RE) on investors who are willing to invest. This current study also investigates the mediation role of perceived benefit (PB) and living creature's development (LCD) among RE and investors willing to invest. Design/methodology/approach: Pakistani per capita income level is low; usually, the population lives hand in hand. Only 10% to 15% of the population has been saving and is willing to invest in different sectors. To meet the aim of this study, data were collected from 300 individuals with a 40% response rate: investors, equity fund managers, and Pakistani stock exchanges using a nonprobability convenient sampling approach. The partial least squares structural equation modeling technique and Smart partial least squares 3.0 were used to determine the primary and medicating effects of the variables. Findings: The analysis shows that RE and investor willingness to invest strongly link to each other, both directly and indirectly. PB and LCD significantly partially mediate the connection between RE and investors willing to invest. Hence, the results suggest that RE has more sustainable development goals with using and accessing affordable green and reliable energy. Originality/value: The present study narrows the research gap by examining the effect of RE on investor willingness to invest via PB and LCD. Also, it provides essential information for effective energy policies that contribute to the sustainable development goals and gives valuable suggestions for policymakers and the government.
... In the past few years, the topics of social acceptance and public perception of storage technologies [14,31], as well as consumer preferences [16], have received increasing attention in academia. While many researchers have focused on residential storage solutions [32][33][34][35], recently, interest in the public perception of CES has grown as well [36,37]. Some researchers have carried out comparative studies of the public perception of residential energy storage vs. community energy storage: Ambrosio-Albalà [14] discussed scenarios with residential and with community energy storage systems in focus groups and identified influencing factors for adopting residential vs. community battery storage. ...
... Participants in the abovementioned empirical studies (queried via focus groups [14,15,38], semi-structured interviews [33], online surveys [31,34], choice experiments [16,32] and a field-test [38]) were usually open to engaging with energy storage technologies. They felt positively about the technology, believing that they would generally benefit from its deployment, either through the reduction in individual costs [14], because the technology would ensure a secure electricity supply, or strengthen their country's national economy [31]. ...
... They felt positively about the technology, believing that they would generally benefit from its deployment, either through the reduction in individual costs [14], because the technology would ensure a secure electricity supply, or strengthen their country's national economy [31]. Their main expectations were to increase their own self-consumption of renewable energy and realize savings in electricity costs [32,33,38]. Increased independence from electricity suppliers [16,32,33,38] as well as protection against possible increases in electricity prices [34,35] were also cited. ...
In this paper, we analyze consumer attitudes toward and interest in community energy storage (CES) in Germany, based on five focus group discussions and an online survey of private owners of photovoltaic (PV) systems, as well as written surveys and workshops with the residents of two residential developments where CES has been installed. We find that owners of PV systems are generally receptive to the idea of CES but are unfamiliar with it. They assume that CES is more resource- and cost-efficient than residential storage and appreciate the idea of professionally managed operation and maintenance, but are skeptical of whether fair and transparent distribution and billing can be realized. Consumers express a need for ancillary services, such as monitoring, information or energy management, but the interest in such services, however, is strongly dependent on their perception of the costs versus potential savings.
... However, the economic benefits need to be considered connected to the initial costs, which in some cases were perceived too high, in others lower than expected. Gährs et al. [84] support this argument, as the high investment was by far the highest ranked reason against a storage system in their study in 2014. According to the interviews, potential adopters principally liked the idea but appeared to be waiting for the technological solutions regarding the photovoltaic systems or the storage system to become more efficient, inexpensive or established. ...
... Therefore, the willingness to pay in some cases was lower than current price levels. In the past, the risk of the investment through an uncertain life or usage period was perceived as a reason against storage systems [84]. According to change agents, these concerns are reasonable. ...
... However, the installation comes along with visual changes out-and inside the building, which is not always appreciated by potential adopters. Concerns about the security of the system were barely raised by the interviewed adopters, in line with prior findings [84]. All this leads to strong compatibility of the system with the structural context. ...
In the research project NEDS – Sustainable Energy Supply Lower Saxony, conceivable transition paths towards a power supply based on renewable energies in Lower Saxony by 2050 are developed and examined for their sustainability and feasibility. Both the different technical focal points and the joint development of methods and models represent important aspects of the project. A comprehensive method for the integrated development and evaluation of energy scenarios is developed and applied to Lower Saxony. As a basic framework, five future scenarios for the target year 2050 are developed. Based on the qualitative future scenarios and three chosen alternatives, quantitative assumptions are made for the simulation and evaluation. The simulation results of the system model form the basis for the system evaluation. Defined system states for the transition years are simulated and then compared using a multi-criteria decision analysis based on sustainability criteria.
... Self-sufficiency: Self-sufficiency motivates consumers that value the ability to (partly) sustain themselves and gain independence from third parties. The importance of self-sufficiency in the decision process for self-consumption is supported by the findings in (Gährs et al. 2015), (Oberst and Madlener 2014). According to Palm and Tengvard (2011) the adoption of small-scale selfconsumption systems is a way to "protest against 'the system', with its large dominant actors, or a way to become self-sufficient". ...
The transformation of the energy system includes increasingly active market participation by formerly passive consumers via the installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems for decentralized production and on-site consumption of electricity, so-called self-consumption. A holistic understanding of the market diffusion of PV + battery systems for self-consumption requires a technology diffusion model that considers economic, behavioural and technological market drivers.
A model is developed that considers technical restrictions of PV production and flexible electricity consumption as well as sociological data on consumer behaviour and preferences. An individual analysis of 415 real-world household electricity consumption profiles, as well as electric vehicle charging and heat pump operation profiles allows to determine the system configuration that will optimize individual profitability. The profitability of each system is calculated based on its total cost of ownership and the consumers' preferences expressed in a willingness to pay more.
The developed method closes an important research gap and allows to attain a profound knowledge on the preconditions for market formation and development, and to assess the potential of PV self-consumption.
... Dynamic programming (DP) was used for the optimal power flow management for the grid-connected PV system, as described in reference [30]. The performance and the cost-effectiveness were analyzed for the induction of batteries with the PV system in several studies [31][32][33]. Ratnam et al. [34] used a quadratic program (QP) method to schedule a grid-tied hybrid PV and BSS. This methodology was basically designed for electricity supplier companies to reduce the peak hour cost to the customers. ...
The growing human population and the increasing energy needs have produced a serious energy crisis, which has stimulated researchers to look for alternative energy sources. The diffusion of small-scale renewable distributed generations (DG) with micro-grids can be a promising solution to meet the environmental obligations. The uncertainty and sporadic nature of renewable energy sources (RES) is the main obstacle to their use as autonomous energy sources. In order to overcome this, a storage system is required. This paper proposes an optimized strategy for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system (BSS) connected to a low-voltage grid. In this study, a cost function is formulated to minimize the net cost of electricity purchased from the grid. The charging and discharging of the battery are operated optimally to minimize the defined cost function. Half-hourly electricity consumer load data and solar irradiance data collected from the United Kingdom (UK) for a whole year are utilized in the proposed methodology. Five cases are discussed for a comparative cost analysis of the electricity imported and exported. The proposed scheme provides a techno-economic analysis of the combination of a BSS with a low-voltage grid, benefitting from the feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme.
... Dynamic programming (DP) was used for the optimal power flow management for the grid-connected PV system, as described in reference [30]. The performance and the cost-effectiveness were analyzed for the induction of batteries with the PV system in several studies [31][32][33]. Ratnam et al. [34] used a quadratic program (QP) method to schedule a grid-tied hybrid PV and BSS. This methodology was basically designed for electricity supplier companies to reduce the peak hour cost to the customers. ...
The growing human population and the increasing energy needs have produced a serious energy crisis, which has stimulated researchers to look for alternative energy sources. The diffusion of small-scale renewable distributed generations (DG) with micro-grids can be a promising solution to meet the environmental obligations. The uncertainty and sporadic nature of renewable energy sources (RES) is the main obstacle to their use as autonomous energy sources. In order to overcome this, a storage system is required. This paper proposes an optimized strategy for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system (BSS) connected to a low-voltage grid. In this study, a cost function is formulated to minimize the net cost of electricity purchased from the grid. The charging and discharging of the battery are operated optimally to minimize the defined cost function. Half-hourly electricity consumer load data and solar irradiance data collected from the United Kingdom (UK) for a whole year are utilized in the proposed methodology. Five cases are discussed for a comparative cost analysis of the electricity imported and exported. The proposed scheme provides a techno-economic analysis of the combination of a BSS with a low-voltage grid, benefitting from the feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme.
... Participation/Acceptance of the Energy Transformation-Several studies point out that active participation in the energy transition can foster its acceptance and thus help to achieve goals of energy policies. Conversely, Gährs et al. (2015) and RWTH (2017) highlight that the active participation in the transformation to a low-carbon energy system constitutes an important motivation for households to adopt prosumage. However, acceptance may be impeded by negative distributional effects on those consumers who cannot engage in prosumage (compare below, Sect. ...
Decentral self-consumption of renewable electricity has gained relevance in power markets around the world, driven by decreasing technology costs and favourable regulatory conditions. In this chapter, we adopt an economic perspective on the potential role of “prosumage” of renewable electricity for the low-carbon energy transition. We extend the concept “prosumption” (production and consumption) to “prosumage” (production, consumption, and storage): decentral energy storage by batteries enables prosumers to detach the moments of electricity generation and consumption. First, we give an overview of recent literature on the subject, including a brief digression on the role of network charging schemes. Second, we examine arguments in favour of and against increasing prosumage in the context of the low-carbon energy transformation. For comparability, we discuss likely benefits and drawbacks of prosumage against the reference of a centrally optimised electricity system assuming the same renewable generation capacities, and not against a system based on fossil fuels. Third, we present a quantitative, model-based analysis to illustrate possible effects of increased prosumage on the electricity system. To this end, we apply the open-source electricity system model DIETER to a future German electricity system of the year 2035.
