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![Comparison of (a) flow-by CDI cell and (b) flow-through CDI cell with porous electrodes. Reproduced with permission from [3]. Copyright 2013 Elsevier.](publication/362955767/figure/fig1/AS:11431281081115703@1661523287012/Comparison-of-a-flow-by-CDI-cell-and-b-flow-through-CDI-cell-with-porous-electrodes.png)
Comparison of (a) flow-by CDI cell and (b) flow-through CDI cell with porous electrodes. Reproduced with permission from [3]. Copyright 2013 Elsevier.
Source publication
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging eco-friendly desalination technology with mild operation conditions. However, the energy consumption of CDI has not yet been comprehensively summarized, which is closely related to the economic cost. Hence, this study aims to review the energy consumption performances and mechanisms in the literature of...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... researchers have studied the influences of flow directions on energy consumption. As such, CDI systems can be basically divided into two categories without the consideration of membranes: flow-by and flow-through cells, as presented in Figure 2 [37]. The flow direction of brackish water is parallel to the electrode plates in flow-by CDI but vertical to the electrode plates in flow-through CDI, in which the saline water can penetrate the electrode plates. ...
Context 2
... researchers have studied the influences of flow directions on energy consumption. As such, CDI systems can be basically divided into two categories without the consideration of membranes: flow-by and flow-through cells, as presented in Figure 2 [37]. The flow direction of brackish water is parallel to the electrode plates in flow-by CDI but vertical to the electrode plates in flow-through CDI, in which the saline water can penetrate the electrode plates. ...
Citations
... Capacitive deionization (CDI) is one example of such a method. Capacitive deionization is an emerging technology that offers significant advantages over more conventional methods of desalination (Aldalbahi et al. 2020(Aldalbahi et al. , 2017Jiang et al. 2022). Electrosorption is the method that is utilized in CDI in order to remove dissolved ions from aqueous solutions rather than high-pressure pumps or other heat sources which are required in other methods of desalination. ...
... In order to determine the electrochemical performance of working electrodes, a series of batch-mode experiments were Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the CDI facility: 1-desalting cell; 2circulating pump; 3-three-way electric valve; 4-two-way electric valve; 5-manual valve; 6-filters; 7-source water inlet; 8-desali-nated water; 9-condensate drain from stage one; and 10-condensate drain from stage two conducted while the voltage and current of the system were measured (Jiang et al. 2022). Consequently, the operational mode of the CDI system could be determined using the control computer, which would provide an understanding of the charging and discharging behavior of the system. ...
A semi-industrial demineralization facility was used in six CDI cells to desalinate in two steps. A desalination cycle lowered the feedwater salinity from 1 to 0.5 g/L and produced 200 l/h of demineralized water. This process may be repeated to increase efficiency. Initially, feedwater commenced at 1 g/L. Monitoring both voltage and current during the salt ion removal indicated that CDI cells may recover 30% of the energy utilized. Furthermore, V–Q curves using charge and voltage measurements increased energy recovery by 30%. By cutting off the CDI cells' power source, the electrodes' operating voltage was recorded between 0.85 and 0.9 V, much lower than the external contacts' 1.2 V. The desalination system's efficiency could rise if the electrode voltage was measured and adjusted. In conclusion, storage tanks can provide desalinated water while minimizing water waste; hence, they should be installed. This study examined the physical–technical parameters of a CDI desalination system through experiments and several operational modes. Moreover, it revealed CDI desalination system improvements.
