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Comparison between negative control group (normal group) and positive control group (cisplatin group)
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Nephroprotective effect of aqueous thyme extract was investigated in rabbits with acute renal injury induced by a single i.p.
injection of cisplatin (6.5 mg/kg). Aqueous thyme extract treatment (500 mg/kg/day, orally) was applied for 7 consecutive days,
starting 4 days before cisplatin administration. Aqueous thyme extract significantly reduced ser...
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Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the immune and antioxidant status, and performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with thyme (Thymus vulgaris) leaves powder, as an alternative growth promoter. Therefore, a total of 120 one-day-old Cobb chicks were fed for 35 days with four experimental diets containing thyme powder (0, 5,...
Citations
... Tissues were homogenized using a mortar and pestle and then centrifuged for 10 min at 5000 rpm in a cold centrifuge. For additional measurements, the supernatants were frozen at (− 80 °C) (Abu-Raghif et al. 2015;Jabeen et al. 2020;Kadhim et al. 2022;Shihab and Kadhim 2023). ...
Psoriasis is a long-lasting, immune-related inflammatory skin disease that affects 2–3% of the global population. It is distinguished by erythematous, silvery, and scaly patches. Ramelteon is a type of melatonin agonist that is used to treat insomnia. It has enhanced non-classical immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the study is to assess the ameliorative effects of topical ramelteon on imiquimod (IMQ)-aggravated psoriasiform-like dermatosis in mice. The 32 albino mouse males were placed into six groups of eight animals, all of them. With the exception of the control group, all groups gained a once-a-day regimen of topical imiquimod 5% cream at a dose of 62.5 mg for eight uninterrupted days, while mice in the control group gained vaseline-based ointment alternately. Immediately after an 8-day induction period in the imiquimod group, mice in the clobetasol and ramelteon treatment groups obtained a twice-daily regimen of topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment and 0.1% ointment, respectively, for a further 8 days. This extends the total duration of the experimental study to 16 continuous days. The findings of our study found that ramelteon significantly mitigated the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the skin tissue, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as the scores associated with psoriatic lesions, including erythema, scaling, skin thickening, ear thickness, and overall cumulative PASI scores. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory impact of ramelteon was achieved by markedly increasing IL-10 levels in the skin tissue and correcting cutaneous histopathological alterations. Ramelteon ointment (0.1%) was comparable to that of clobetasol (0.05%) ointment in alleviating a mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation; this is probably due to its potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Therefore, ramelteon could be a good additive option for therapeutic management of immune-triggered inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis.
Graphical abstract
... Gimmizah strain as affected by thyme. In rabbits, blood AST and AST activities were reduced by thyme extracts at 100 mg/kg (Abdel-Gabbar et al., 2019), thyme oil (100 g/kg diet) treated for 30 days under heat stress condition (Abdelnour et al., 2022) and normal conditions (Abdel-Wareth and Metwally, 2020; Abdel-Wareth et al., 2020), dietary supplementation with thyme leaves (Ezzat et al., 2020), or aqueous thyme extracts (Abu Raghif et al., 2015). In general, El-Ratel et al. (2020) reported that the activity of AST and ALT of rabbits was remarkably enhanced by oral administration of phytogenics as compared to the control. ...
... Gimmizah strain as affected by thyme. In rabbits, blood AST and AST activities were reduced by thyme extracts at 100 mg/kg (Abdel-Gabbar et al., 2019), thyme oil (100 g/kg diet) treated for 30 days under heat stress condition (Abdelnour et al., 2022) and normal conditions (Abdel-Wareth and Metwally, 2020; Abdel-Wareth et al., 2020), dietary supplementation with thyme leaves (Ezzat et al., 2020), or aqueous thyme extracts (Abu Raghif et al., 2015). In general, El-Ratel et al. (2020) reported that the activity of AST and ALT of rabbits was remarkably enhanced by oral administration of phytogenics as compared to the control. ...
The present study aimed to assess the effect of thyme leaf aqueous extract (TLAE) on productive and reproductive performance of Gimmizah chickens. Total of 48 males and 48 females aged 38 wk were divided into three groups (16 of each sex in each) fed on diet (16% CP and ME of 2750 Kcal/kg). Birds in G1 were controls, while those in G2 and G3 were drank water with 2 and 4 ml of 20% TLAE /10 L for 60 days. Results showed that TLAE (4ml) improved (P<0.05) Hb, Ht, glucose, creatinine, and cholesterol in both sexes, basophils in males, albumin and calcium in females. Also, 4 ml-TLAE decreased (P<0.05) plasma AST, ALT, MDA, while increased (P<0.05) T3, IgG, IgM, and TAC in both sexes. 4 ml-TLAE increased (P<0.05) weight, tail, width, Haugh unit, and shape of eggs; weight, height, and index of albumen; and height and index of yolk. Sperm motility parameters, morphological features, velocity, and kinetics were increased by 4 ml-TLAE. Also, egg yield, hatched chick weight, and chick-ovo index were increased (P<0.05) by ml-TLAE, while fertility and hatchability of eggs were not affected.In conclusion, thyme administration of thyme in drinking water (4 ml/10 L) can be used to achieve beneficial impacts on reproductive and productive performance of males and females of Gimmizah local strain.
... Against acute renal toxicity produced by glycerol Rosa canina L. Fr/ EthOH/ Ra 2700 mg/kg of b.w (for 7 days) Nephroprotective effects against renal damage induced by reperfusion (Ashtiyani et al., 2013) Rosmarinus officinalis L. Protective role against kidney damage caused by acrylamide (Elkomy et al., 2018) Tanacetum vulgare L. Fr/ Aq/ Ra 100 mg/kg of b.w Diuretic activity in normal rats (Lahlou et al., 2007) Thymus zygis L. Th/ Aq/ Rab 500 mg/kg of b.w/day Protective effect on cisplatin-caused renal toxicity (Abu-Raghif et al., 2015) Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Se/ Aq/ Ra 440-1740 mg/kg of b.w (for 6 weeks) Improves renal function in diabetic rats via its antioxidant effects (Xue et al., 2011) Se/ EthOH/ Ra 10% in feed (for 7 weeks) Protective effect on CCL4-caused toxicity in kidney (Mbarki et al., 2017) Se/ Diet/ Ra 10 g/100 mL of water and 10 g/100g of diet Effect against ethylene glycol produced renal lithiasis (Shekha et al., 2014) Se/ Aq/ Ra 1g/kg of b.w (for 7 days before irradiation) Protect oxidative damage and metabolic disturbances caused by ionizing irradiation in the kidney (El-Tawil, 2009) ...
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Renal disease is a significant public health concern that
affects people all over the world. The main limitations of conventional therapy are the adverse
reaction on human health and the expensive cost of drugs. Indeed, it is necessary to develop
new therapeutic strategies that are less expensive and have fewer side effects. As a consequence
of their natural compounds, medicinal plants can be used as an alternative therapy to cure
various ailments including kidney diseases.
Objective of the study: This review paper has two principal goals: (1) to inventory and describe
the plants and their ancestral use by Moroccan society to cure renal problems, (2) to link
traditional use with scientific confirmations (preclinical and clinical).
Methods: To analyze pharmacological effects, phytochemical, and clinical trials of plants,
selected for renal therapy, a bibliographical search was undertaken by examining
ethnobotanical investigations conducted in Morocco between 1991 to 2019 and consulting peerreviewed
papers from all over the world.
Results: Approximately 290 plant species, spanning 81 families and 218 genera have been
reported as being utilized by Moroccans to manage renal illness. The most frequently mentioned
species in Morocco were Herniaria hirsuta subsp. cinerea (DC.), Petroselinum crispum (Mill.)
Fuss and Rosmarinus officinalis L. The leaves were the most frequently used plant parts,
followed by the whole plant. Decoction and infusion were the most popular methods of
preparation. A record of 71 plant species was studied in vitro and/or in vivo for their therapeutic
efficacy against kidney disorders, including 10 plants attempting to make it to the clinical stage.
Twenty compounds obtained from 15 plants have been studied for the treatment of kidney
diseases. Conclusion: Medicinal herbs could be a credible alternative therapy for renal illness.
However, additional controlled trials are required to confirm their efficiency in patients with
kidney failure. Overall, this work could be used as a database for future exploration.
... Those findings suggest that being fed a diet supplemented with thyme leaves could improve the kidney and liver functions, and thus mitigate the adverse effects of the high ambient temperature on the biological activities of the living body. Abu Raghif et al. (2015) found that an aqueous thyme extract significantly reduced the serum levels of the liver enzymes in rabbits. Moreover, thyme extracts at 100 mg/kg significantly decreased all kidney markers, i.e., creatinine and urea, as well as decreased the levels of the ALT and AST liver enzymes (Abdel-Gabbar et al. 2019). ...
The present study examined the efficiency of thyme in improving the productive and reproductive performances in male rabbits living in hot climates with the further lowering of the faecal ammonia and adverse heat stress. One hundred and twenty-five Zealand-White male rabbits were assigned to five dietary treatments [age: 60-day-old; body weight (b.w.): 1 362 ± 20 g] (n = 25). The basal diet was supplemented with either 0 (control), 4, 8, 12 or 16 g/kg of thyme leaves. The experiment lasted for 90 days. The feed and water were provided ad libitum. The animals were housed in an open system (39 °C ambient-temperature and 30–35% relative-humidity). The dietary thyme leaf levels significantly improved the appetite, body weight gain and growth performance compared to the control (P < 0.001). The weight gain and feed conversion ratio were directly proportional to the thyme leaves intake. The faecal ammonia was markedly lowered in response to the feeding with thyme leaves. The thyme leaves significantly improved the liver and kidney functions as indicated by their biomarkers. The testosterone concentrations and semen characteristics were also significantly improved in the thyme leaves-treated groups compared to the control (P < 0.01). In conclusion, thyme leaves, at an optimum dose of 16 g/kg of the diet, could be an efficient feed additive for rabbits surviving under hot climatic conditions.
... The chemical composition and drug activity of TD are similar to Thymus vulgaris [32]. Abu Raghif et al showed that aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris reduced urea and Cr levels in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits [33], which was in agreement with the findings of the present study. ...
Background
Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antinociceptive and antipyretic drug that can be useful in therapeutic doses, although it can cause serious damage to the kidney if used overdose. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Thymus daenensis (TD) extract on APAP-induced kidney damage in rats.
Methods
Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, APAP (3 g/kg), TD (500 mg/kg), APAP + TD (500 mg/kg), and APAP + N- acetylcysteine (140 mg/kg). The APAP groups received APAP on the 6th day and the rats were sacrificed on the 7th day. Plasma levels of creatinine (Cr) and urea were measured. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) metabolite, total thiol (T-SH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and antioxidant enzymes activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were measured in kidney tissue. The gene expression of TNF-α was also measured by real-time PCR. The histological examination of kidney tissue was also performed.
Results
Results showed that urea, Cr and FRAP markers markedly elevated in the APAP rats compared with the control group. There was a significant decrease in T-SH levels in the APAP animals in comparison with the control group. CAT activity also augmented in the APAP group compared to the control group. Urea and Cr levels were significantly decreased in the APAP + TD group in comparison with the APAP group. The administration of TD extract significantly increased the SOD enzyme activity. Histological findings were improved in the group treated with TD extract.
Conclusion
In general, the results indicate that TD extract can protect against APAP-induced nephrotoxicity by improving biochemical, histological and antioxidant effects. However, more studies are required to determine the mechanism of this extract.
... On the contrary, treatment of the fourth group animals with thyme aqueous extract in conjunction with sodium diclofenac resulted in a significant reduction (P <0.001) of the enzyme concentrations (ALP), a significant decrease (P < 0.001) of potassium values and a significant increase (P< 0.001) of values sodium in the serum of the fourth group animals, compared with the third group dosage only diclofenac sodium, Also, the results of the histological study showed normal areas of renal cells in kidney tissue and also significantly reduced all manifestations of damage and tissue cellular necrosis, and vascular congestion compared with the third group dosage diclofenac sodium, and this indicates the ability of thyme to alleviate the manifestations of oxidative stress-induced diclofenac Sodium and the effectiveness of wild thyme components in inhibiting the degenerative action of diclofenac sodium, protecting kidney cells and improving renal function, This is because thyme extract contains natural antioxidants such as phenols, beta-carotene, flavonoids, Tannins, thymol, and terpenine, which protect kidneys, liver and other tissues from the effects of oxidative stress [34] , [35]. This is consistent with the results of other studies that have shown the protective role of thyme extracts in reducing the concentrations of ALT, AST, and ALP enzymes in serum of experimental mice and in protecting kidney and liver cells from induced cellular necrosis, both cisplatin [36] , Aflatoxicosis [37], paracetamol [38],or alcohol [39]. ...
... Results proved that ginger and/or thyme administration showed significant increase in TP, ALB and GLB concentrations, while ALT and AST were significantly decreased. These results are in compatible with Swayeh et al. (2014) and Abu-Raghif, Qasim, Abady, and Sahib (2015) who reported that administration of thyme aqueous extract decreased ALT and AST levels and increased serum TP and ALB levels compared with control group. ...
... the extracts of ginger, thyme and their combination reduced serum MDA and increased serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione (GSH) contents and glutathione-Stransferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. This study is in agreement with other previous studies(Abu-Raghif et al., 2015;Hasan, 2015). The extracts of ginger and thyme showed a remarkable antioxidant activity, and this would be expected since analysis showed that it contained phenolics and phytochemicals which are high potency antioxidant with free radical scavenging activities. ...
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Zingiber officinale and Thymus vulgaris aqueous extracts as a natural antioxidant on liver and kidney functions and antioxidant status of growing rabbits. A total of 24 V‐line male rabbits, 3 months old, 1.465 ± 0.12 kg average body weight (BW) were used in a complete randomized design. The rabbits were weighed individually and assigned randomly to four groups (6 animals/each). The first group (G1) was taken fresh water and served as control, rabbits of the second group (G2) were taken 100 mg/kg BW in drinking water of the Z. officinale aqueous extract daily. The third group (G3) was taken 50 mg/kg BW in drinking water of the T. vulgaris aqueous extract daily and the fourth group (G4) was taken 100 mg/kg BW of the Z. officinale aqueous extract plus 50 mg/kg BW of the T. vulgaris aqueous extract in drinking water daily. The oral administration of ginger and/or thyme aqueous extracts increased (p < .001) serum protein profile compared with control group. Moreover, results of group 2 showed significant (p < .001) decrease in cholesterol, triglyceride and very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with group 3 and 4. Serum urea, uric acid and creatinine levels were significantly (p < .001) decreased in treated groups compared with control group. Oral administration of ginger and/or thyme aqueous extracts to growing rabbits increased (p < .001) total antioxidant capacity and glutathione content and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione‐S‐transferase compared with the control group. In conclusion, the current study showed that oral administration of ginger and thyme aqueous extracts to growing rabbits showed no adverse effects on liver and kidney function parameters, histological structures and improved antioxidant status.
... In addition, carvacrol is known to decrease TNF-α and IL-1b levels in intoxicated rats through the suppression of cycloxygensae-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein thereby causing a repression of the inflammatory process (Tsai et al. 2011). This finding is in agreement with other studies that have stated that thyme extracts significantly downregulate gene expression as well as production of proinflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1B, and IL-6 and have a significant opposite effect on anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 (Paur et al. 2010;Gulec et al. 2013;Abdel-Aziem et al. 2014;Liang et al. 2014;Abu-Raghif et al. 2015;Kara et al. 2015). Ocaña and Reglero (2012) analyzed the inflammatory effects of thyme extracts from three different species on cytokine production and gene expression. ...
This study was conducted in an attempt to evaluate the impact of thyme powder supplementation on broiler diets with respect to cytokine and mucin2 gene expressions. It was also our aim to evaluate the growth performance, blood biochemical and hematological profiles, and economic efficiency of the diet. A total of 120 1-day old chicks (Cobb 500) were divided into four groups on the basis of the diet. One group received a basal diet (control) while the others received a basal diet supplemented with 2, 5, or 8 g/kg of thyme powder. At 42 days of age, the chickens were weighed and euthanized, and then blood and tissue samples were collected for the purpose of analysis. Results obtained clearly indicated that thyme supplementation of the diet, especially at 5 g/kg, resulted in a significant increase in body weight and caused the increased body weight gain and feed intake (P ˂ 0.05) as well as augmented WBC and lymphocyte count and IgG and NO levels (P ˂ 0.001). The economic evaluation showed that birds fed on 8 g/kg thyme yielded the lowest net revenue and highest feed cost to produce 1 kg of live weight compared to the other treatments, while birds fed on 2 and 5 g/kg thyme did not differ significantly from values obtained for the controls. The lipid profile of the broilers was affected by thyme supplementation at 2 and 5 g/kg as represented by a significant decrease in serum cholesterol levels as well as low density lipoprotein levels, which is known to be associated with a corresponding increase in high-density lipoprotein (P ˂ 0.001). Furthermore, supplementation of thyme downregulated the pro-inflammatory mediators and increased the expression of mucin2 mRNA in the jejunum of chickens. It can be concluded that thyme supplementation in the diet of broilers at 5 g/kg has the potential to favorably influence productive performance via an improvement in the immune status of the broiler.
... This is the first record for increasing of ALP with ginger use which may indicate that overuse of ginger may be predisposing factor of gall stone as it may change the bile composition by increasing formation of bile acids to eliminate the cholesterol, moreover [59] reported that immune activation of some herbal agents is one of suspected mechanism of liver injury. Regarding to the results in table 5 recorded that thyme reduced serum urea and Creatinine which is in agreement with [60,61] as thyme maintains normal kidney functions by maintaining normal level of oxidative stress parameters, reduces MDA, and prevents histopathological changes in the kidney [61]. On the other hand, ginger insignificantly reduced serum urea and significantly increased serum Creatinine, these results were in disagreement with the results of [62] who recorded that a beneficial effect of ginger for urea and Creatinine taking away from plasma of normal rats and [63] who stated that ginger extracts (twice a week for six consecutive weeks) reduced urea and Creatinine levels in normal rat when compared to control one. ...
... This is the first record for increasing of ALP with ginger use which may indicate that overuse of ginger may be predisposing factor of gall stone as it may change the bile composition by increasing formation of bile acids to eliminate the cholesterol, moreover [59] reported that immune activation of some herbal agents is one of suspected mechanism of liver injury. Regarding to the results in table 5 recorded that thyme reduced serum urea and Creatinine which is in agreement with [60,61] as thyme maintains normal kidney functions by maintaining normal level of oxidative stress parameters, reduces MDA, and prevents histopathological changes in the kidney [61]. On the other hand, ginger insignificantly reduced serum urea and significantly increased serum Creatinine, these results were in disagreement with the results of [62] who recorded that a beneficial effect of ginger for urea and Creatinine taking away from plasma of normal rats and [63] who stated that ginger extracts (twice a week for six consecutive weeks) reduced urea and Creatinine levels in normal rat when compared to control one. ...
Abstract:
Antibiotics have been extensively used as feed additives and growth performance in animal feed industry. The use of antibiotics is hazardous due to multiple resistances of pathogens. Thyme and ginger are medicinal herbs which have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties and used as feed additives in animal industry. Thus, the present study carried out to estimate the effect of thyme and ginger on some biochemical and immunological parameters in addition to their effect on the growth performance. Fifteen male rats were divided into three groups, first one was fed on basal diet (the control), second group was fed on basal diet contained thyme (5%) and the third was fed on basal diet contained ginger (5%). The experiment lasts for 4 weeks and then serum sample was collected. Our results revealed the presence of significantly increase in body weight; body gain and feed efficiency values in treated groups in comparison with the control group. Total globulins and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased for ginger and thyme groups in comparing with control group meanwhile total proteins and albumin recorded non-significant change, GOT increased in ginger group but not in thyme one. Thyme and ginger decreased triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) even though high density lipoproteins (HDL) showed no significant change in either group. Thyme decreased serum urea and Creatinine meanwhile ginger increased serum Creatinine with no significant change of urea. On the other hand Thyme significantly decreases production of serum Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in rats while ginger increased its level in serum. The present study concluded that either thyme or ginger have positive effect on some biochemical and immunological parameters in addition to their effect on growth performance however they have negative effect on others, as this is the first recorded increase of ALP with the two herbs so the using of the herbs must under restriction.
