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Comparison between different loincloth designs. (a) Loincloth general design identified in the Cortés workshop sculptures from the 1570s; (b) loincloth found in the Cortés workshop sculptures from the 1580s; (c) detail of the loincloth from the Señor del Santo Entierro sculpture.
Source publication
Maize stem sculptures, produced during the 16th and 17th centuries in New Spain (today, Mexico) are a clear example of the convergence of the artistic traditions from the American indigenous populations and European influence. This typology of sculptures is not limited to the Americas, as the examples found in European countries have shown. Therefo...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... 1 summarizes the samples analyzed and the analyses performed. The sampling areas are reported in Figure S2. Cross-section samples were imbibed in Nic Tone ® transparent acrylic resin and polished until the sample surface was exposed. ...
Context 2
... Marrero [14] identified similar loincloth designs in the early maize stem sculptures (around 1570) ascribed to the Cortés workshop. However, in the Señor del Santo Entierro sculpture, the loincloth is simpler; we suppose it is an intermediate stage between the early sculptures from the 1570s and the sculptures made in 1580s that have a simpler loincloth design (Figure 2). Regarding the facial representation, the beard is the only element we can consider, since the hair is a modification: it is short and forked and the mustache surrounds the mouth. ...
Citations
... Sixteenth-century artist materials are also the topic of Balbas et al.'s contribution [3]. The study brings the reader to Mexico, and focuses on a polychrome maize stem sculpture. ...
Nature offers a myriad of colours and the desire to replicate them is intrinsic to human nature [...]
In this study, the characterization of the “Santa Luzia” statue was carried out through three non‐destructive X‐ray techniques: X‐ray Fluorescence (XRF), Digital Radiography (DR), and Computed Tomography (CT). The wooden statue dates from the 18th century. It was carved in Portugal and is currently located at the Santa Luzia church—one of the oldest churches built in Rio de Janeiro. The portable XRF system used in this study is composed of an Ag target X‐ray tube and an silicon drift detector detector with energy resolution of 122 eV at 5.9 keV. Several spectra were obtained in different regions of the statue. For the DR and CT evaluations, a portable 120 kV X‐ray tube and a 410 × 410 mm a‐Si flat panel detector with a pixel size of 200 μm were used. Individual radiographs of the parts of the statue were acquired and merged into a single image, in order to show its complete radiography. Finally, the CT images of the head of the statue were taken in angular steps of 2 degrees and, after the reconstruction process, the data were analyzed by means of appropriate software. The elements found in the XRF analysis suggest the presence of the pigments lead white, red lead, zinc white, titanium white, vermilion and emerald green. All of them are in accordance with the pigments used by the artists during the statue's historical period. The 3 exceptions were the zinc white and titanium white pigments, which may be an evidence of modern interventions, and the emerald green pigment, which appears to be a repainting of the green region. The radiographic images showed the manufacturing process of the statue, as well as its structural condition. The assembling of wooden blocks, the presence and type of nails and spikes, and regions of different densities were found in the analysis. In the statue's head, the joining of the face with the main part of the statue is clearly visible, and also the hollow glass eye. The CT analysis was able to better detail this section as a spherical cavity in the central part of the head, as well as the presence of a high‐density fragment inside the hole for the fixation of the aureole. The type of glass eye was identified as blown‐glass eye, which is commonly used in devotional statues.
This paper was developed based on a study conducted within a company whose main object of activity is the realization of a wide range of printing products and the provision of services in this field. The research starts with a SWOT analysis of the company, followed by the presentation of the preparation of the printing film and the elaboration of the factorial experiment strategy applied in order to model and partially optimize the technological process of the printing film. Using a known software application, the experimental data obtained based on the adopted influencing factors were performed - the temperature in the pools of substances, the level of the developer in the pool and the level of the fixer in the pool, having as objective the quality of the raster point and the lack of stains on film. The last part of the paper highlights our own points of view and the conclusions drawn from the elaboration of the study.KeywordsScientific researchExperimental statistical modelingStrategies in the field of qualityProcessingTypographic film
