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![Comparison between DM current/projected constraints and current/projected constraints on the mass of the Z from collider searches. The DM has been chosen to be a dirac fermion and the couplings of the Z with the SM fermions are dictated by the E 6,? model. In the plot the red line represents the isocontour of the correct DM relic density. The region at the left of the blue dashed line is ruled out by DD constraints by LUX [109]. Regions at the left of the magenta, purple and gray dashed lines correspond, respectively, to the projected sensitivities of XENON1T [12], LZ [15] and Darwin [16]. The black lines represent current (first line on the left) and projected exclusions by LHC of dilepton resonances (the corresponding values of center of mass energy and luminosity are reported in vicinity of the lines). The region at the left of each line should be regarded as experimentally ruled out in case no signal is detected at the values of center of mass energy and luminosity reported in proximity of the line itself.](publication/315881917/figure/fig1/AS:481795289423873@1491880356488/Comparison-between-DM-current-projected-constraints-and-current-projected-constraints-on.png)
Comparison between DM current/projected constraints and current/projected constraints on the mass of the Z from collider searches. The DM has been chosen to be a dirac fermion and the couplings of the Z with the SM fermions are dictated by the E 6,? model. In the plot the red line represents the isocontour of the correct DM relic density. The region at the left of the blue dashed line is ruled out by DD constraints by LUX [109]. Regions at the left of the magenta, purple and gray dashed lines correspond, respectively, to the projected sensitivities of XENON1T [12], LZ [15] and Darwin [16]. The black lines represent current (first line on the left) and projected exclusions by LHC of dilepton resonances (the corresponding values of center of mass energy and luminosity are reported in vicinity of the lines). The region at the left of each line should be regarded as experimentally ruled out in case no signal is detected at the values of center of mass energy and luminosity reported in proximity of the line itself.
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Grand Unified Theories (GUT) offer an elegant and unified description of electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions at high energy scales. A phenomenological and exciting possibility to grasp GUT is to search for TeV scale observables arising from Abelian groups embedded in GUT constructions. That said, we use dilepton data (ee and $\mu\mu$) tha...
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... density, since they constraint the possible values of BR(Z → DM DM). LHC limits have, in turn, impact on the DM phenomenology. For example, too strong limits on the mass of the Z would correspond in general to a suppressed pair annihilation cross section, hence implying an overabun- dant DM 9 (see next section for more details). We have shown, in fig. 3, an example of this kind of com- plementarity (this topic has been more extensively reviewed e.g. in ...
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Citations
... In this work, we exploit an extension of the SM consisting of an additional anomalyfree U(1) gauge symmetry with a very light gauge boson, Z , and a dark matter candidate, stable due to a residual symmetry of U(1) . There exists very well-motivated studies, where a new U(1) gauge symmetry arises, namely, in the context of supersymmetry [35][36][37], grand unified theories [38][39][40], and string-motivated models [41,42]. We will study different scenarios for the U(1) where dark matter is charged under this symmetry, quarks have flavor independent charges, while leptons are allowed to have generation-dependent charge, namely U(1) B−L , U(1) B−2Lα−L β , and U(1) B−3Lα . ...
A bstract
We explore the possibility of having a fermionic dark matter candidate within U(1)′ models for CE ν NS experiments in light of the latest COHERENT data and the current and future dark matter direct detection experiments. A vector-like fermionic dark matter has been introduced which is charged under U(1)′ symmetry, naturally stable after spontaneous symmetry breaking. We perform a complementary investigation using CE ν NS experiments and dark matter direct detection searches to explore dark matter as well as Z ′ boson parameter space. Depending on numerous other constraints arising from the beam dump, LHCb, BABAR, and the forthcoming reactor experiment proposed by the SBC collaboration, we explore the allowed region of Z ′ portal dark matter.
... An interesting possibility to connect the dark and visible sectors is through a new gauge boson Z , associated with a new gauge U(1) symmetry. They can arise in the context of supersymmetric [27][28][29], GUT [30][31][32], and string-inspired models [33,34], or be phenomenologically invoked from a bottom-up perspective (see ref. [35] for a review on heavy Z 's). Moreover, they profit from dedicated searches, complemented by the searches for dark matter [15,29,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. ...
A bstract
The freeze-in production of Feebly Interacting Massive Particle (FIMP) dark matter in the early universe is an appealing alternative to the well-known — and constrained — Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) paradigm. Although challenging, the phenomenology of FIMP dark matter has been receiving growing attention and is possible in a few scenarios. In this work, we contribute to this endeavor by considering a Z ′ portal to fermionic dark matter, with the Z ′ having both vector and axial couplings and a mass ranging from MeV up to PeV. We evaluate the bounds on both freeze-in and freeze-out from direct detection, atomic parity violation, leptonic anomalous magnetic moments, neutrino-electron scattering, collider, and beam dump experiments. We show that FIMPs can already be tested by most of these experiments in a complementary way, whereas WIMPs are especially viable in the Z ′ low mass regime, in addition to the Z ′ resonance region. We also discuss the role of the axial couplings of Z ′ in our results. We therefore hope to motivate specific realizations of this model in the context of FIMPs, as well as searches for these elusive dark matter candidates.
... An interesting possibility to connect the dark and visible sectors is through a new gauge boson Z , associated with a new gauge U (1) symmetry. They can arise in the context of supersymmetric [27][28][29], GUT [30][31][32], and string-inspired models [33,34], or be phenomenologically invoked from a bottom-up perspective (see Ref. [35] for a review on heavy Z 's). Moreover, they profit from dedicated searches, complemented by the searches for dark matter [15,29,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. ...
The freeze-in production of Feebly Interacting Massive Particle (FIMP) dark matter in the early universe is an appealing alternative to the well-known - and constrained - Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) paradigm. Although challenging, the phenomenology of FIMP dark matter has been receiving growing attention and is possible in a few scenarios. In this work, we contribute to this endeavor by considering a $Z^\prime$ portal to fermionic dark matter, with the $Z^\prime$ having both vector and axial couplings and a mass ranging from MeV up to PeV. We evaluate the bounds on both freeze-in and freeze-out from direct detection, atomic parity violation, leptonic anomalous magnetic moments, neutrino-electron scattering, collider, and beam dump experiments. We show that FIMPs can already be tested by most of these experiments in a complementary way, whereas WIMPs are especially viable in the $Z^\prime$ low mass regime, in addition to the $Z^\prime$ resonance region. We also discuss the role of the axial couplings of $Z^\prime$ in our results. We therefore hope to motivate specific realizations of this model in the context of FIMPs, as well as searches for these elusive dark matter candidates.
... If kinematically allowed, Z decays into DM pairs lead to the so-called mono-X events. Among different searches strategies, dileptons and dijet are normally the most effective in constraining the model [2,119]. While being in general less restrictive, mono-X searches can nevertheless provide useful complementary information. ...
We explore the dark matter phenomenology of a weak-scale right-handed neutrino in the context of a Two Higgs Doublet Model. The expected signal at direct detection experiments is different from the usual spin-independent and spin-dependent classification since the scattering with quarks depends on the dark matter spin. The dark matter relic density is set by thermal freeze-out and in the presence of non-standard cosmology, where an Abelian gauge symmetry is key for the dark matter production mechanism. We show that such symmetry allows us to simultaneously address neutrino masses and the flavor problem present in general Two Higgs Doublet Model constructions. Lastly, we outline the region of parameter space that obeys collider, perturbative unitarity and direct detection constraints.
... If kinematically allowed, Z decays into DM pairs lead to the so-called mono-X events. Among different searches strategies, dileptons and dijet are normally the most effective in constraining the model [2,114]. While being in general less restrictive, mono-X searches can nevertheless provide useful complementary information. ...
We explore the dark matter phenomenology of a weak-scale right-handed neutrino in the context of a Two Higgs Doublet Model. The expected signal at direct detection experiments is different from the usual spin-independent and spin-dependent classification since the scattering with quarks depends on the dark matter spin. The dark matter relic density is set by thermal freeze-out and in the presence of non-standard cosmology, where an Abelian gauge symmetry is key for the dark matter production mechanism. We show that such symmetry allows us to simultaneously address neutrino masses and the flavor problem present in general Two Higgs Doublet Model constructions. Lastly, we outline the region of parameter space that obeys collider, perturbative unitarity and direct detection constraints.
... The SD coefficients can be expressed as a sum over light quarks as C SD χN = q C SD χq ∆ N q with the coefficients ∆ N q are given in ref. [146]. The total averaged 18 DM-nucleon SI and SD cross sections are given by [147][148][149] ...
A bstract
We consider a minimal extension of the Standard Model with a hidden sector charged under a dark local U(1) ′ gauge group, accounting simultaneously for light neutrino masses and the observed Dark Matter relic abundance. The model contains two copies of right-handed neutrinos which give rise to light neutrino-masses via an extended seesaw mechanism. The presence of a stable Dark-Matter candidate and a massless state naturally arise by requiring the simplest anomaly-free particle content without introducing any extra symmetries. We investigate the phenomenology of the hidden sector considering the U(1) ′ breaking scale of the order of the electroweak scale. Confronting the thermal history of this hidden-sector model with existing and future constraints from collider, direct and indirect detection experiments provides various possibilities of probing the model in complementary ways as every particle of the dark sector plays a specific cosmological role. Across the identified viable parameter space, a large region predicts a sizable contribution to the effective relativistic degrees-of-freedom in the early Universe that allows to alleviate the recently reported tension between late and early measurements of the Hubble constant.
... The SD coefficients can be expressed as a sum over light quarks as C SD χN = q C SD χq ∆ N q with the coefficients ∆ N q are given in Ref. [136]. The total averaged 15 DM-nucleon SI and SD cross sections are given by [137][138][139] ...
We consider a minimal extension of the Standard Model with a hidden sector charged under a dark local $U(1)'$ gauge group, accounting simultaneously for light neutrino masses and the observed Dark Matter relic abundance. The model contains two copies of right-handed neutrinos which give rise to light neutrino-masses via an extended seesaw mechanism. The presence of a stable Dark-Matter candidate and a massless state naturally arise by requiring the simplest anomaly-free particle content without introducing any extra symmetries. We investigate the phenomenology of the hidden sector considering the $U(1)'$ breaking scale of the order of the electroweak scale. Confronting the thermal history of this hidden-sector model with existing and future constraints from collider, direct and indirect detection experiments provides various possibilities of probing the model in complementary ways as every particle of the dark sector plays a specific cosmological role. Across the identified viable parameter space, a large region predicts a sizable contribution to the effective relativistic degrees-of-freedom in the early Universe that allows to alleviate the recently reported tension between late and early measurements of the Hubble constant.
... However, since the U (1) R charges of the SM up and down quarks are flipped, it is not possible in this scenario to generate purely axial interactions to either protons or neutrons, and therefore direct detections constraints will still be very restrictive (see also, Refs. [216][217][218][219][220]). ...
Although weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) have long been among the most studied and theoretically attractive classes of candidates for the dark matter of our universe, the lack of their detection in direct detection and collider experiments has begun to dampen enthusiasm for this paradigm. In this study, we set out to appraise the status of the WIMP paradigm, focusing on the case of dark matter candidates that interact with the Standard Model through a new gauge boson. After considering a wide range of $Z'$ mediated dark matter models, we quantitatively evaluate the fraction of the parameter space that has been excluded by existing experiments, and that is projected to fall within the reach of future direct detection experiments. Despite the existence of stringent constraints, we find that a sizable fraction of this parameter space remains viable. More specifically, if the dark matter is a Majorana fermion, we find that an order one fraction of the parameter space is in many cases untested by current experiments. Future direct detection experiments with sensitivity near the irreducible neutrino floor will be able to test a significant fraction of the currently viable parameter space, providing considerable motivation for the next generation of direct detection experiments.
... [44,45]. G 3211 can in principle be even lower than the LR scale, although one still has lower limits of order TeV from dilepton searches at the LHC, depending on the details of the breaking [46,47]. For GUT-inspired couplings the lower limits are roughly between 4 and 5 TeV, ignoring all non-SM Z 0 decay channels [48]. ...
... -Low-scale content: In none of the scenarios above, which are all based on assuming a single real DM [47]. The relic density constraint requires this subgroup to be broken at low energy, so that DM can annihilate into a pair of Z 0 or through an s-channel Z 0 -mediated transition into SM fermions. ...
... As the GUT-gauge-boson induced radiative splitting of the 10 is insufficient for this purpose, one has to rely on a fine-tuned cancellation of the bare mass m 1 and the 54 VEV v 54 in Eqs. (46) and (47). It is thus mandatory that there exists a 54 representation which acquires a VEV. ...
The grand-unification gauge group SO(10) contains matter parity as a discrete subgroup. This symmetry could be at the origin of dark matter stability. The properties of the dark matter candidates depend on the path along which SO(10) is broken, in particular through Pati-Salam or left-right symmetric subgroups. We systematically determine the nonsupersymmetric dark matter scenarios that can be realized along the various paths. We emphasize that the dark matter candidates may have colored or electrically charged partners at low scale that belong to the same SO(10) multiplet. These states, which in many cases are important for coannihilation, could be observed more easily than the dark matter particle. We determine the structure of the tree-level and loop-induced mass splittings between the dark matter candidate and their partners and discuss the possible phenomenological implications.
... [37,38]. G 3211 can in principle be even lower than the LR scale, although one still has lower limits of order TeV from dilepton searches at the LHC, depending on the details of the breaking [39,40]. For GUT-inspired couplings the lower limits are roughly between 4 and 5 TeV, ignoring all non-SM Z decay channels [41]. ...
... -Relic density: the singlet is charged under the extra U (1) in the intermediate G 3211 subgroup [40]. The relic density constraint requires this subgroup to be broken at low energy, so that DM can annihilate into a pair of Z or through an s-channel Z -mediated transition into SM fermions. ...
... Let us assume a low-scale G 3211 and pick VEVs so that Ψ ∼ (1, 1, 2 According to Eq. (5) this fermion has no hypercharge and is hence an SM singlet, but still has couplings to the low-scale Z of G 3211 . These interactions can then be used to achieve the correct DM abundance [40]. A light Z from G 3211 has been proposed long ago as an interesting and well-motivated benchmark [89,90]. ...
The grand-unification gauge group SO(10) contains matter parity as a discrete subgroup. This symmetry could be at the origin of dark matter stability. The properties of the dark matter candidates depend on the path along which SO(10) is broken, in particular through Pati-Salam or left-right symmetric subgroups. We systematically determine the non-supersymmetric dark matter scenarios that can be realized along the various paths. We emphasize that the dark matter candidates may have colored or electrically charged partners at low scale that belong to the same SO(10) multiplet. These states, which in many cases are important for co-annihilation, could be observed more easily than the dark matter particle. We determine the structure of the tree-level and loop-induced mass splittings between the dark matter candidate and their partners and discuss the possible phenomenological implications.
