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... comparative study between the proposed system and previous works have been given in Table 1. The first column specifies the component used in the proposed system, whereas the second column specifies the components used in different previous works. ...Context 2
... third column indicates the improvements of this system over previous systems. Table 1 Comparative study between the proposed system and previous works ...Context 3
... embedded processor consists of the educational practice board EPBLPC1768, a stand-alone card allowing developers to evaluate the NXP LPC1768, ARM Cortex M3 based microcontroller as our hardware while we have used Eclipse Kepler 4.3 C/C++ IDE for compiling, debugging and executing our code written in Embedded C language [14,15]. A comparison of the different microcontrollers is given in Table 1. ...Citations
... The other brands of waterproof temperature sensors are usually sold without wiring (pin sensor only), making it challenging for beginners. The DS18B20 sensor was also used in health-monitoring system and biology [29,30,31], providing a reliable spectrum of applications. ...
In thermochemistry experiments, a large volume and relatively high concentration of chemicals are often used to get a significant temperature change using an analogue thermometer. A 'greener' experimental protocol is developed as an alternative using modern microcontroller boards, ChemDuino. The aim of this research is to develop a low-cost and pocket-sized prototype for measuring temperature of solutions using Arduino Uno R3 DIP and DS18B20 sensor based on green chemistry and DIY (do-it-yourself) methods. The construction of ChemDuino for temperature sensing is made in the simplest manner for individuals with little knowledge of electronics. The details of all components are stipulated in this paper. This research was conducted in three phases, which includes preliminary, prototype development, and assessment phase. The device is used to determine the enthalpy change of neutralization (ΔH) of NaOH and HCƖ solution. The enthalpy change of neutralization, kJ mol −1 at 25.0 °C from literature is −57.13 kJ mol −1 , whereas the enthalpy change of neutralization, kJ mol −1 at 25.0 °C from the experiment using ChemDuino-Calorimetry is −56.87 (± 1.9) kJ mol −1 (average of seven determinations and estimated standard deviation). The device has successfully measured the temperature change of the reaction at a relatively lower concentration. ChemDuino-Calorimetry has a great potential, because of its reliability and accuracy in measurements, inexpensive setup, and interconnectivity.
... The other brands of waterproof temperature sensors are usually sold without wiring (pin sensor only), making it challenging for beginners. The DS18B20 sensor was also used in health-monitoring system and biology [29,30,31], providing a reliable spectrum of applications. ...
In thermochemistry experiments, a large volume and relatively high concentration of chemicals are often used to get a significant temperature change using an analogue thermometer. A ‘greener’ experimental protocol is developed as an alternative using modern microcontroller boards, ChemDuino. The aim of this research is to develop a low-cost and pocket-sized prototype for measuring temperature of solutions using Arduino Uno R3 DIP and DS18B20 sensor based on green chemistry and DIY (do-it –yourself) methods. The construction of ChemDuino for temperature sensing is made in the simplest manner for individuals with little knowledge of electronics. The details of all components are stipulated in this paper. This research was conducted in three phases, which includes preliminary, prototype development, and assessment phase. The device is used to determine the enthalpy change of neutralization (ΔH) of NaOH and HCƖ solution. The enthalpy change of neutralization, kJ mol−1 at 25.0 °C from literature is −57.13 kJ mol−1, whereas the enthalpy change of neutralization, kJ mol−1 at 25.0 °C from the experiment using ChemDuino-Calorimetry is −56.87 (±1.9) kJ mol−1 (average of seven determinations and estimated standard deviation). The device has successfully measured the temperature change of the reaction at a relatively lower concentration. ChemDuino-Calorimetry has a great potential, because of its reliability and accuracy in measurements, inexpensive setup, and interconnectivity.
... The noninvasive techniques for oxygen saturation monitoring solve the problems associated with traditional approaches and ensure real-time monitoring. The integration of IoT-based technologies [159], [160] with pulse oximetry has shown significant potential in the medical field. ...
Nowadays, the Internet has spread to practically every country around the world and is having unprecedented effects on people's lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) is getting more popular and has a high level of interest in both practitioners and academicians in the age of wireless communication due to its diverse applications. The IoT is a technology that enables everyday things to become savvier, everyday computation towards becoming intellectual, and everyday communication to become a little more insightful. In this paper, the most common and popular IoT device capabilities, architectures, and protocols are demonstrated in brief to provide a clear overview of the IoT technology to the researchers in this area. The common IoT device capabilities including hardware (Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP8266) and software (operating systems, and built-in tools) platforms are described in detail. The widely used architectures that have recently evolved and used are the three-layer architecture, SOA-based architecture, and middleware-based architecture. The popular protocols for IoT are demonstrated which include CoAP, MQTT, XMPP, AMQP, DDS, LoWPAN, BLE, and Zigbee that are frequently utilized to develop smart IoT applications. Additionally, this research provides an in-depth overview of the potential healthcare applications based on IoT technologies in the context of addressing various healthcare concerns. Finally, this paper summarizes state-of-the-art knowledge, highlights open issues and shortcomings, and provides recommendations for further studies which would be quite beneficial to anyone with a desire to work in this field and make breakthroughs to get expertise in this area.
... The non-invasive techniques for oxygen saturation monitoring solve the problems associated with traditional approaches and ensure real-time monitoring. The integration of IoT-based technologies [138], [139] with pulse oximetry has shown significant potential in the medical field. ...
Nowadays, the Internet has spread to practically every country around the world and is having unprecedented effects on people's lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) is getting more popular and has a high level of interest in both practitioners and academicians in the age of wireless communication due to its diverse applications. The IoT is a technology that enables everyday things to become savvier, everyday computation towards becoming intellectual, and everyday communication to become a little more insightful. In this paper, the most common and popular IoT device capabilities, architectures, and protocols are demonstrated in brief to provide a clear overview of the IoT technology to the researchers in this area. The common IoT device capabilities including hardware (Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP8266) and software (operating systems, and built-in tools) platforms are described in detail. The widely used architectures that have been recently evolved and used are the three-layer architecture, SOA-based architecture, and middleware-based architecture. The popular protocols for IoT are demonstrated which include CoAP, MQTT, XMPP, AMQP, DDS, LoWPAN, BLE, and Zigbee that are frequently utilized to develop smart IoT applications. Additionally, this research provides an in-depth overview of the potential healthcare applications based on IoT technologies in the context of addressing various healthcare concerns. Finally, this paper summarizes state-of-the-art knowledge, highlights open issues and shortcomings, and provides recommendations for further studies which would be quite beneficial to anyone with a desire to work in this field and make breakthroughs to get expertise in this area.
... and reduction of hemoglobin of [15], blood oxygen saturation is defined as: Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved. ...
In order to solve the problems of long data collection time, measurement relative error and high time consumption of traditional methods in track and field training, a measurement modeling method of track and field training load intensity based on wearable nano-equipment was proposed. Using the wearable nano-equipment acquisition heart rate, pulse, blood oxygen saturation, such as track and field training load data, and by using the multi-core fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm to cluster the data collected, the extraction of track and field training load intensity characteristics, to build a track and field training load intensity measurement model, realizes the track and field training load intensity measurements. Experimental results show that the maximum and minimum data acquisition time of track and field training is 0.42 s and 0.21 s, and the measurement relative error rate is 3.7–8.2%. The measurement time consumption is always lower than 0.73 s, and the practical application effect is better.
... This is an efficient manner to monitor and analyze the healthcare data. [11], [12], [13] ...
Recently, the world has been hit by COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly about every country has been devastated as they lack a proper health infrastructure. India is one such country where overpopulation is the key reason not everyone has access to medical facilities and are therefore forced to home quarantine. IoT is an ingenious technology which opens a new digitised path in terms of data storage and processing in today’s medical world to provide the healthcare systems with the best networking techniques. In this present paper, the authors have created a framework of body temperature, oxygen saturation level (SpO2), BPM (heart rate) and air quality sensors based innovative smart disease surveillance system with amalgamation of nodeMCU. The obtained output is displayed on the LCD display and additionally with the aid of IoT-cloud based app (blynk) the doctor can monitor real time health data. Also, a key feature named Report generates and sends the readings in CSV/Excel format. The health parameters of the proposed prototype have a maximum deviation of 1%, is cost-effective, portable, reliable and high functionality as compared to the commercially available one.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing network of interconnected devices, ranging from sensors and actuators to smart appliances and wearable devices. The proliferation of these connected devices generates vast amounts of data and enables a broad range of applications and services, adding to the complexity of IoT development systems. To address this complexity, careful consideration of design patterns and modeling techniques are necessary to ensure that IoT systems are scalable, flexible, and maintainable. In the healthcare industry, IoT-based systems is being developed to improve patient care and outcomes while also managing costs. However, these systems pose significant challenges because IoT-based monitoring of health parameters demands meticulous attention to detail. Even slight inaccuracies in the collected data could have severe consequences for patient diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, any system failures or disruptions could delay crucial interventions and significantly impact patient outcomes. Consequently, it is imperative to carefully consider the design and implementation of IoT-based healthcare systems to guarantee accurate data collection and timely interventions. In this paper, we present the approach involved in developing IoT-based smart health monitoring systems to collect and analyze patient data related to their health and wellbeing. The focus of this research is to identify and model the best practices for developing scalable and flexible IoT-based healthcare systems that address the challenges of remote patient monitoring, including the need for continuous monitoring, real-time feedback, and early detection of health issues.
This paper describes the design and software implementation of a wearable prototype that allows users to monitor the vital signs of COVID-19 patients in quarantine areas. This prototype consists of two parts, the bracelet, and the Base control unit (BCU). The bracelet is built with ESP8266 and sensors as main components, as well as the battery and other parts needed to fulfill the system's purpose (monitoring the vital signs of COVID-19 patients). At the same time, the Raspberry Pi (SCB) single board computer and GSM/GPRS/HAT are the main components of the Basic Control Unit (BCU). The current work describes the main parts of the pseudocode, as well as the activity diagram for the microcontroller and Raspberry Pi. This paper describes the mechanism of sending alert messages, whereby the system’s ability to configure two types of alert messages; (1) physician Messages (these Messages will be sent to the physician associated with the patient if one or more vital signs reach a critical value; these messages contain all measurements of a patient's vital signs); (2) Authorize messages (these messages will be sent if the quarantine rules are violated; the patient's location will be sent to the authorized person as a Google Maps link). Also, this paper describes the graphical user interface for communication, management, and interaction between the users of the system.
