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Comparative distribution of forest plant communities of Tara NP according to their CCnp and CCpp (communities are listed in Table 1).
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The apiflora of 34 forest and meadow plant communities in Tara National Park was studied with the aim of assessing their melliferous potential and their contribution to bee pasture during the vegetation period. The melliferous plants were analyzed individually from the aspect of their flowering phenology, abundance, and the intensity of nectar and...
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Citations
... Cavities of at least 15 L are required to store the quantity of honey required to overwinter in temperate regions (Seeley 1985) so it is possible that the wild colonies in this study experienced higher mortality than usual. In addition, the study area consisted of forest dominated by beech (Fagus sylvatica), which is wind pollinated and does not produce nectar (Jarić et al. 2013) so it is possible that colony survival was also limited by floral resources (Rutschmann et al. 2023). ...
Wild-living honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies naturally nest in old cavity-bearing trees throughout their range, but this important nesting habitat is in global decline. Here we determine the use of ancient, veteran and other listed trees as nest sites by wild-living honey bee colonies in Britain and investigate the effect of tree size, genus and management on occupancy. Over 1,000 trees of special interest (TSIs) were surveyed in southeast England using the Ancient Tree Inventory (ATI) of the Woodland Trust, a charity that protects and promotes trees in Britain. 2% of all TSIs and 4.4% of TSIs with cavities were occupied by wild-living honey bee colonies (n = 21). Occupancy positively correlated with tree diameter, which is surprising given that the overall sample already had a large mean diameter of 1.3 m. Wild-living colonies occupied sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) more frequently than expected (7% versus 2% overall), probably due to their large mean diameter (1.6 m) and proportion of trees with cavities (73%). Heights of occupied tree cavities (including non-ATI trees) ranged from 0 to 18.2 m with a median of 6.8 m, entrance size ranged from 2.2 to 322 cm² with a median of 33.8 cm² and entrance orientation was not significantly different from random.
... The loss of bee colonies and rising food prices due to global climate change have drawn attention to future approaches and theories that support beekeeping in today's world [1][2][3][4][5]. In this sense, forest ecosystems have become important for beekeeping, as they are a constant source of pollen and nectar for both wild and domesticated honeybees [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In terms of forest cover, Türkiye has about 23 million hectares of forest land and a quarter of the annual honey production is obtained from these areas [13]. ...
... The flowering periods of honey plants were first determined from the Flora of Turkey [27][28][29]. The relevant literature was then examined and all information was combined with the field observations [9,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. During the field observations, at least two plant specimens were collected for both identification and examination of the presence of the nectaria in the lower periphery of the ovaries. ...
The ecological role of honeybees in the world and their value for sustainable agriculture and food industry are more important than ever. For this reason, we study the apiflora in the eastern Mediterranean region of Türkiye in the context of planning bee forests aimed at biodiversity conservation. The results show that honeybee forests are quite rich in both endemism and apifloristic diversity. A total of 511 plant taxa belonging to 264 genera and 59 families were identified, of which 335 (65%) taxa were evaluated as nectar (N) and/or pollen (P) bearing honey plants (45 N, 54 P, and 236 N&P). In terms of apiflora, the richest families are Fabaceae (n=76, 3 N, 73 N&P), Lamiaceae (n=57, 19 N, 38 N&P) and Asteraceae (n=44, 1 N, 10 P, 33 N&P). Nectariferous plants were more common at higher elevations, while polleniferous plants were more common at lower elevations. According to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the highest diversity values were found in honeybee forests at higher elevations and the lowest diversity values at lower elevations. Sorensen analysis also showed that floristic similarities among honeybee forests ranged from 1% to 42%. Cluster analysis supported these differences by dividing the forests into two separate groups.
... Entrance height , whereas a cavity of at least 15L is required to store the quantity of honey required to overwinter in temperate regions (Seeley, 1985) so it is possible that the wild colonies in this study experienced higher mortality than usual. In addition, the study area consisted of forest dominated by beech (Fagus sylvatica), which is wind pollinated and does not produce nectar (Jarić et al., 2013) so it is possible that colony survival was also limited by oral resources. ...
Implications for insect conservation: Our results show that ancient, veteran and other listed trees provide valuable nesting habitat for wild honey bee colonies in southeast England. Based on an occupancy rate of 2% and a recent estimate of 2 million TSIs in England, it is possible that TSIs support tens of thousands wild honey bee colonies across Britain and that wild colonies are a significant component of total colony numbers in areas with a high density of TSIs (>50 per km²).
Wild honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies naturally nest in old cavity-bearing trees throughout their range, but this important nesting habitat is in global decline. Here we determine the use of ancient, veteran and other listed trees as nest sites by wild honey bee colonies in Britain and investigate the effect of tree size, age, genus and management on occupancy. Over 1,000 trees of special interest (TSIs) were located in southeast England using the Ancient Tree Inventory (ATI) of the Woodland Trust, a charity that protects and promotes trees in Britain. 2% of all TSIs and 4% of TSIs with cavities were occupied by wild honey bee colonies (n=20). Occupancy positively correlated with tree diameter and nearest neighbour distance, suggesting that colonies are more common in large open-grown trees. Wild colonies occupied sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and maiden (unmanaged) trees more frequently than expected (7% and 2.7%, respectively, versus 2% overall). Sweet chestnuts have a large mean diameter (1.6m) and proportion of trees with cavities (73%), but these were no different from average in maiden trees (1.4m and 47%, respectively) and did not help explain occupancy.
... Un inventaire des plantes basé sur la méthode des quadras a été réalisé pour chaque type d'élément paysager présent (tableau 5). Un coefficient appelé « coefficient coenotic d'intérêt apicole » (CCm) est calculé selon la méthodologie établie par Bagella et al. (2013) et Jarić et al. (2013). Appliqué à chaque élément paysager il indique l'intérêt apicole théorique des éléments paysagers en tenant compte de plusieurs variables telles que le niveau de production individuelle en nectar (inp) et en pollen (ipp) des plantes, leur abondance (ou recouvrement) au sein des éléments paysagers et le rapport entre le nombre de plantes d'intérêt apicole et la richesse floristique de chaque élément paysager. ...
L’exploitation agricole peut constituer un espace favorable à une activité apicole qui en retour offre la possibilité d’optimiser la pollinisation des cultures. La volonté des apiculteurs et des agriculteurs de collaborer est perceptible dans les Antilles. Des tentatives d’associations ont déjà eu lieux sans qu’il y ait de retours objectifs sur les modalités choisies et sur l’impact pour chacun des partenaires.
Les associations entre une production végétale et une activité apicole sont bien connues dans le monde. Dans la plupart des cas, elles font intervenir des systèmes de production intensifs. Ces derniers ont des impacts négatifs sur la disponibilité de la ressource florale, la santé, le développement de l’abeille, et donc globalement sur la production apicole. Des associations durables entre une production végétale et une activité apicole imposent de concevoir des systèmes de cultures répondant aux enjeux de protection de l’abeille, des pollinisateurs sauvages et de durabilité de l’agriculture. Il importe donc de s’interroger sur les possibilités d’intégration de l’activité apicole dans les systèmes de cultures en tenant compte des enjeux agricoles,environnementaux et sociétaux propre au contexte antillais.
Financé dans le cadre du Plan de Développement Rural de la Martinique, ce projet vise à concevoir, établir et diffuser des références utiles à la conduite des systèmes associant des productions végétales à une activité apicole tout en étant favorables aux pollinisateurs sauvages.
... Tara Mountain's ecosystem and biodiversity provide good bee pasture with various possibilities for beekeepers. The meadow pasture on Tara Mountain is most abundant at the end of spring and during the summer, while forest bee pasture prevails at the end of the summer and the beginning of autumn (6). However, meadow or forest bee pastures can also occur at the same time of year, so as to complement each other through the seasons, bees with nectar or honeydew. ...
... The environment from which bees collect nectar and pollen determines the composition of honey (7). Due to the high melliferous potential of the diverse plant communities in the Tara Mountain region (6), the analysis of honey samples from this area is highly important. ...
... As can be seen in Table 4 polyfloral honey samples contained pollen particles mainly from Rubus (more than: 10% in Nos. 3,4,5,6,8,9,18,26;20% in Nos. 11,12,14,19; 30% in No. 1), Ericaceae (more than: 30% in No. 5), Filipendula ulmaria: (more than: 10% in Nos. ...
This study presents a detailed characterization of 27 honey samples from the Tara Mountain region in Serbia using different comprehensive techniques and methods. The types of the honey samples were defined as monofloral (4 samples), honeydew (5 samples) and polyfloral (18 samples) honey based on determined polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, electrical conductivity and melissopalynological analyses. Physicochemical parameters such as pH (4.13–4.94), diastase activity (24.20–41.70 DN), acidity (14.60–29.70 meq/kg), content of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (in range below 5, up to 16.90 mg/kg), sucrose (0.20–3.90 g/100 g), and moisture content (15.01–19.23%) confirmed the required quality of the honey samples. Sensory analysis revealed honey characteristics favorable to consumers. Analyses of 19 phenolic compounds using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detection and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS) revealed six phenolic acids and 13 other compounds from the group of flavonoids and their glycosides. In all the samples the highest content was determined for p-coumaric acid, followed by caffeic acid and pinocembrin. Besides total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity, antimicrobial activity was also examined. Most honey samples showed bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli, while none of the honey samples inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. Chemometric analyses were applied for an in-depth study of the results to further evaluate the characteristics of the honey samples studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for assessing the differences in physicochemical parameters, polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity between honey samples. The unrooted cluster tree was used to group the samples based on the melissopalynological analyses.
... A huge number of species in canyon habitats belong to melliferous plants. Pollinators (a group of species that are extremely important in ecosystem functioning) are in decline globally [117][118][119]. Conservation of floral resources (melliferous plants), especially in native and undisturbed canyon habitats, may attenuate such unfavourable trend. ...
Due to topographic, climatic, geological and soil complexity, vegetation of Montenegro is remarkably diverse. We reviewed plant communities of Montenegro by focusing attention on vegetation in ravine habitats. Some of the main rivers of Montenegro (the Morača, Komarnica, Piva and Tara Rivers) flow through spectacular canyons. Due to relatively low climate-induced and human-induced disturbances of habitats, the ravine vegetation in Montenegro represents an important biodiversity hotspot and significant pool of rare, paleo-endemic species.
... Serbia has a very long tradition of beekeeping. Its favourable climate, good geographical conditions and a variety of botanical species provide a great potential for the development of apiculture (Jarić et al., 2013). ...
One hundred thirty-three honey samples of diff erent fl oral origin from two diff erent production years (2017 and 2018) from Serbia were examined in order to determine water content. Th e water content in honey affects physical, microbiological, sensory properties, and commercial value of honey. Th e water content in all examined honey samples produced in 2017 (56) was below maximum permissible level set by local regulations for honey. Out of the total of 77 tested honey samples that were produced in 2018, 3 samples (3.9%) did not comply with the provisions of the Regulation. By analysing honey samples originating from 2017, there was a signifi cant difference between the water contents betwen linden honey and honeydew (p = 0.0027). Th e same result was obtained based on the water content in different honey types from the year 2018 (p = 0.00022). Using the F test, it has been shown that there is no signifi cant diff erence in the water content between certain types of honey produced in these two years (2017 and 2018).
... There is evidence that the floral diversity and the abundance of weeds plays a key role in agroecosystem regulation as it helps maintain pollination services that are profitable to crop production (Carvalheiro et al., 2011;Denisow & Wrzesień, 2015). Recent surveys have assessed the ability of ecosystems to provide food for pollinators, thanks to the pollen or nectar that some habitats provide (Janssens, Bruneau, & Lebrun, 2006;Jaric et al., 2013;Baude et al., 2016). Melliferous flora can also contribute to wild bee abundance and to crop yields through enhanced floral diversity ( Rollin et al., 2013;Hevia et al., 2016). ...
Intensive farming systems have led to reduced food availability for honey bees which could be related to their current decline. A global tool is needed in order to assess the melliferous potential of plant species that could be developed as crops or companion plants in such systems. This review is based upon a survey from an extensive dataset collected in Romania over the last sixty years to record the nectar production of 153 weedy species. While there was considerable variation among these plants, we found that the melliferous potential of such large families as the Brassicaceae was low, that of the Apiaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae at an intermediate level, and that of the Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae the highest. High nectariferous potential was found to be an important feature of perennial ruderal species. Within the main flowering season, perennials provided much more nectar than annuals. These results could help to develop new agricultural practices more compatible with honey bee colony survival and honey production, as some of these plant species could provide a solution to enable agriculture and beekeeping to coexist in a sustainable way.
... Mačukanović-Jocić and Jarić (2016) in their research on the role of phytocoenoses in maintaining the diversity of melliferous species, showed their greatest share (over 80%) in the Consolido-Polygonetum avicularis. In earlier studies Jarić et al. (2013) as phytocoenoses with the highest share of melliferous species they pointed to Petasitetum hybridi (70%). Among the species found in the analyzed areas, species constituting the core of the phytocenosis Consolido-Polygonetum avicularis, i.e. larkspur and knotgrass, have been demonstrated. ...
In the years 2007-2009 the differentiation of flora on the area of balks of different length was assessed. The studies of flora were carried out in the area of 7772 ha of Ińsko Lakeland in Poland. For the detailed studies 72 balks were chosen, formed from roadsides and divided into two groups according to the length. Topographic maps in the scale 1:10 000 were used for the assessment of earlier functions of the studied objects. It was shown that in the areas of an arable surface characteristic of average farms as regards their size in the European Union, the size of arable land and the length of balks related with it had an influence on phytodiversity. Despite the fact that the number of phytocoenoses was larger on shorter balks, their specific poverty did not affect biodiversity significantly. The presence of a large number of melliferous species influenced not only phytodiversity of balks, but it also resulted in the improvement of nutritive conditions, among others, for bees. A larger number of plant species on long balks, including also melliferous and therapeutic species, proves correct management of the production space in a long time period.
... The ecosystem potential to produce honey is evaluated far less often, though some indirect indicators used to map pollination potential (like floral resources) could be adapted for that purpose quite readily. Jarić and co-authors (2013) proposed a formula by which the melliferous potential of plant communities could be estimated, applying this subsequently in assessing selected forest and meadow ecosystems in Serbia (Jarić et al., 2013;Macukanović-Jocić and Jarić, 2016). However, their calculations of honey potential did not account for honeydew as an underpinning raw material, and for the impact of different environmental conditions in determining how varied actual production of nectar and pollen by individuals of the same plant species might be (Demianowicz et al., 1960;Szklanowska, 1973). ...
The estimation of the value of nature in terms of benefits derived by humans is becoming increasingly popular in environmental assessments and spatial planning worldwide. In line with this approach, the value of any ecosystem can be determined on the basis of its potential (capacity), or the actual amount of goods and services delivered (flow). The aim of this work was to develop indicators of the potential of ecosystems to deliver services related specifically to bees, i.e. to pollination and honey production. A new operational definition of ecosystem potential dedicated to the evaluation of bee-related services was introduced and applied. Two ratio scales were constructed, showing the potential abundance of nesting wild bees (indicating pollination) and the availability of honey substrates (indicating honey production). The expert assessment carried out was closely linked to real regional data. Specific values were assigned to 29 types of ecosystem relevant to bees and identified in the lowland rural landscape of Central Europe. The original scales for the indicators were then classified into the 0–10 ecosystem capacity scale. A specific study area in north-eastern Poland (815 km²) was chosen to show a possible spatial pattern for ecosystem potential in relation to the two bee-related services.
