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Background:
Expanding into new types of practice, such as family health teams, presents challenges for practising pharmacists. The Primary Care Pharmacy Specialty Network (PC-PSN) was established in 2007 to support collaboration among pharmacists working in primary care. The PC-PSN offers to its members a listserv (also referred to as an electroni...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... of topics discussed were grouped in terms of therapeutic areas (see Figure 3) and practice management issues (see Figure 4). Topics included patient-specific therapeutic questions, questions about indications for and availability of medications, practice management needs, and simple exchange of information among participants (Table 3). ...
Context 2
... of topics discussed were grouped in terms of therapeutic areas (see Figure 3) and practice management issues (see Figure 4). Topics included patient-specific therapeutic questions, questions about indications for and availability of medications, practice management needs, and simple exchange of information among participants (Table 3). ...
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Introduction:
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Citations
... In addition to the more evident indications that the objective conditions of work, such as adequate physical infrastructure and the support of management and the health team, are less intrinsic to the proper functioning of pharmaceutical services (Araújo et al., 2017b;Leite et al., 2017;Vargas, 2016), this study further reinforces NASF's strategic position as a driver of the pharmacist's participation in the patient care process. In other words, the process of integrating pharmacists into the shared care of the primary care team through NASF is an important conditioning factor and an enabling instrument for services included in the philosophy of pharmaceutical care (Jorgenson et al., 2013;Jorgenson et al., 2014;Trinacty et al., 2014). ...
... Integrating the pharmacist into the activities of primary care is a cornerstone for the functioning, resolvability and improvement of health care (Jorgenson et al., 2013;Tan et al., 2014;Trinacty et al., 2014;Lui, Ha, Truong, 2017;Tsuyuki, Berg, Khan, 2017). Therefore, moving with the health team among the social facilities of the community, carrying out the activities of health education, and performing home visits are part of the pharmaceutical work. ...
... 7,8 Health care professionals, including pharmacists, are increasingly using CoPs and online media to create virtual communities. [8][9][10][11] Our research group has developed a virtual CoP for FMG pharmacists called the Réseau Québécois des Pharmaciens GMF (RQP GMF). 12 As suggested by several authors, 7 we first performed a needs assessment study describing FMG pharmacists' characteristics, practices and settings and providing insights into their challenges to develop a CoP adapted to their needs. ...
... A low uptake by the target group and the fact that most contributions are attributed to a limited number of individuals have also been observed in other virtual communities 7,9 including 1 primary care pharmacists community. 11 Wenger et al. 15 described 3 levels of participation in CoP: a core leadership group of active participants (10%-15%), a small active group who attend meetings regularly and participate in forums occasionally (15%-20%), and the rest of the members, who are peripheral and rarely participate. ...
... Among comments at the end of the survey, several respondents expressed the need for advanced clinical training, case discussions and discussions about pharmacotherapy. Trinacty et al. 11 performed a qualitative content analysis of 1-year activities related to a listserv offered to members of the Canadian Primary Care Pharmacy Specialty Network. Those investigators found that discussions were often related to the care of patients with complex medical conditions and needs or as a forum for mentorship. ...
Background
In 2018, a virtual community of practice (CoP) for pharmacists working in family medicine groups (FMGs) in Quebec province was developed. The aim of this CoP—called Réseau Québécois des Pharmaciens GMF (RQP GMF)—was to foster best practices by supporting FMG pharmacists. This study assesses the processes and outcomes of this CoP 2 years after its creation.
Methods
We performed a cross-sectional web-based study from March to May 2020. All FMG pharmacists who were registered as members of the RQP GMF ( n = 326) were sent an invitation via a newsletter. The link to the questionnaire was also publicized in the CoP Facebook group. The questionnaire comprised a 38-item validated instrument assessing 8 dimensions of the CoP. A descriptive analysis was performed.
Results
A total of 112 FMG pharmacists (34.4%) completed the questionnaire. Respondents agreed that the RQP GMF was a joint enterprise (mean score, 4.18/5), that members shared their knowledge (mean score, 3.94/5) and engaged mutually (mean score, 3.50/5) and that the RQP GMF provided support (mean score, 3.92/5) and capacity building (mean score, 4.01/5). In general, they were satisfied with the implementation process (mean score, 3.68/5) and with activities proposed (mean score, 3.79/5). A lower proportion of respondents agreed that their participation in the RQP GMF generated external impacts, which led to a smaller mean score (3.37/5) for this dimension.
Conclusion
The RQP GMF, one of the first communities of practice for pharmacists practising in family medicine groups, attained most of the objectives initially intended by the CoP. These results will facilitate the adaptation of processes and activities to better fulfil members’ needs. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2021;154:xx-xx.
... Research from the existing Primary Care Pharmacy Specialty Network (PC-PSN) in Canada also demonstrated that listservs can act as key channels for PCT pharmacists to connect to share information, identify solutions for complex patients and care, and provide mentorship opportunities [61]. Further research demonstrates that pharmacists identified key competencies for working in primary care, which include a focus on communication, collaboration, and professionalism, and consider how these relate to pharmacists and other healthcare professionals in understanding the evolving roles of PCT pharmacists in order to establish performance indicators to support professional education [62]. ...
The movement to integrate pharmacists into primary care team-based settings is growing in countries such as Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. In the province of Ontario in Canada, almost 200 pharmacists have positions within interdisciplinary primary care team settings, including Family Health Teams and Community Health Centers. This article provides a narrative review of the evolving roles of pharmacists working in primary care teams, with a focus on evidence from Ontario, as well as drawing from other jurisdictions around the world. Pharmacists within primary care teams are uniquely positioned to facilitate the expansion of the pharmacist’s scope of practice, through a collaborative care model that leverages, integrates, and transforms the medication expertise of pharmacists into a reliable asset and resource for physicians, as well as improves the health outcomes for patients and optimizes healthcare utilization.
... The dialogical interactions within the discussion thread illustrated how members were able to reach out to colleagues for key knowledge, to vicariously experience innovations and importantly gain varying perspectives on practice; this emphasises the social construction of knowledge in health (Murad et al., 2017). This is illustrated by the finding that the primary reason for members requesting help was to compare or benchmark local practices, previously noted as an essential benefit of VC membership (Kurtz-Rossi et al., 2017;Trinacty et al., 2014). This discussion thread model illustrated collective knowledge creation, as various VC members worked together to solve a knowledge need or local problem presented by the first poster. ...
... This discussion thread model illustrated collective knowledge creation, as various VC members worked together to solve a knowledge need or local problem presented by the first poster. These conversations, discussions and potential difference of opinion that occur online are a key attribute of a VCoP (Barnett et al., 2012;Chang et al., 2014), enabling development of professional knowledge for individual members and the collective practice knowledge of the community, leading to potential improvements in practice and innovation (Kurtz-Rossi et al., 2017;Trinacty et al., 2014;Wenger, 2004). ...
... Critically, knowledge exchanges were cordial and professional, reinforcing acceptable online behaviours to all members, and especially to new members. Collegial disagreement is a critical characteristic of online discussions as it promotes participation and retention of members (Trinacty et al., 2014), Role modelling of appropriate TA B L E 7 Discussion thread topics illustrating loss of corporate memory ...
Aims and objectives:
To explore the nature of knowledge exchange on a multi-disciplinary Australasian intensive care virtual community of practice, 'ICUConnect'.
Background:
Current organisational structures and cultures constrain the social networks of healthcare professionals, limiting access to contemporary best practice knowledge. While virtual communities can facilitate knowledge and clinical expertise exchange in professional networks, their effectiveness has not been established.
Design:
A sequential mixed methods design with a quantitative core and qualitative supplementary component was used to explore the content of discussions from an intensive care virtual community. SRQR has been used to report this study.
Methods:
E-mail archives of an intensive care listserv (2003-2013) were mined using a two-stage sampling technique to identify discussion threads (with > 2 posts) concerning ventilator or airway practices (cluster) and two sets of 20 threads (stratified across years). Summative content analysis was used to examine both manifest and latent content.
Results:
Forty threads containing 326 emails posted by 133 individuals from 80 organisations were analysed. Nurses contributed 68% (55% were in clinical leadership roles) and physicians 27%. Three subject areas were identified: clinical practices (71%); equipment (23%); and clinical governance (6%). 'Knowledge-requested' and 'knowledge-supplied' posts were categorised as: experiential and explicit (33% and 16%, respectively); experiential (27% and 35%); or explicit (40% and 17%). Knowledge supplied was also categorised as 'know-how' (20%); 'know-why' (5%) or 'no knowledge' exchanged (6%). The central construct of virtual community work was identified with six elements that facilitated participation and knowledge exchange including: 1. the discussion thread; 2. sharing of artefacts; 3. community; 4. cordiality; 5. maven work; and 6. promotion of the VC. Members asked questions to benchmark their practice, while those who answered were focused on ensuring that best practices were delivered.
Conclusions:
ICUConnect reflected characteristics of a virtual community of practice, enabling key benefits for members and the broader Australasian intensive care community, especially access to best practice knowledge from clinical experts.
Relevance to clinical practice:
This study demonstrated that a practice-based VC can function effectively as a VCoP to establish an effective professional network where members have access to up-to-date best practice knowledge. Healthcare organisations could leverage VCs to support the professional development of HCPs and ensure that local clinical practices are based on contemporaneous knowledge. Participation by nurses in these communities facilitates individual professional development and access to important clinical knowledge and expertise, and ultimately reinforcing the unique position of nursing in delivering effective, consistent high-quality patient care.
... Despite the fact that large numbers of pharmacists are integrated in general practice sites in the UK and Canada, the majority of included studies were derived from the USA. This may be because the focus of research in other locations has centred more towards assessing barriers and facilitators to the general practice pharmacist intervention and investigating outcomes associated with these interventions, rather than examining the roles performed by these pharmacists [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. ...
Background Pharmacists are increasingly being included as members of general practice primary care teams. To date, there have been few published studies describing the competencies of general practice (GP) pharmacists and establishing their subsequent educational needs. Aim of the review The aim of this literature review is to establish the activities of pharmacists in general practice to inform the development of a comprehensive role description and competency map. Method A systematic literature search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, international pharmaceutical abstracts and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews was conducted from the start of the databases to August 2018. The search focused on studies investigating the roles performed by GP pharmacists. Full text peer-reviewed English language articles were included. A qualitative content analysis of included studies was performed. Two researchers reviewed studies to identify pharmacist roles. Subcategories of roles were then agreed by the research team and used to present the data. GP pharmacist’s activities were mapped by two researchers to associated competencies. Any discrepancies between role descriptions and competency maps were resolved in consultation with a third member of the research team. Results The search conducted resulted in 5370 potential articles. Two hundred and twenty-seven full text articles were selected for review resulting in 34 articles that were included for analysis. Seven GP pharmacist role sub-categories and 48 GP pharmacist individual roles were identified. The seven GP pharmacist role sub-categories included medication management, patient examination and screening, chronic disease management, drug information and education, collaboration and liaison, audit and quality assurance and research. All FIP competency domains were included in the GP pharmacist competency map. Competencies related to compounding, dispensing and packaging of medications were not found relevant to the GP Pharmacist role. No roles were mapped to competencies relating to re-imbursement for medicines, procurement, or medication production. All areas of professional and personal competence were relevant to the GP pharmacist role. Conclusion A comprehensive role description and competency map for GP pharmacists is described and may be used to inform future research into the education of GP pharmacists.
... Néanmoins, il est probable qu'elle soit grande. En effet, des études portant sur les échanges au sein de listes de diffusion ont montré que parmi leurs membres, c'est une minorité qui nourrit la majorité des échanges [51][52][53]. Ceci autorise donc à penser que les données collectées peuvent être regardées comme la partie émergée d'un l'iceberg [54]. L'anonymisation des logiciels et des éditeurs constitue une autre des limites de ce travail. ...
Objective: The development of information systems in French hospitals is mandatory. The aim of this work was to analyze the content of exchanges carried out within social networks, dealing with problems encountered with hospital pharmacies information systems. Methods: Messages exchanged via the mailing list of the Association pour le Digital et l'Information en Pharmacie and abstracts of communications presented at hospital pharmacists trade union congresses were analyzed. Those referring to information systems used in hospital pharmacies were selected. Results: From March 2015 to June 2016, 122 e-mails sent by 80 pharmacists concerned information systems. From 2002 to 2016, 45 abstracts dealt with this topic. Problems most often addressed in these 167 documents were “parameterization and/or functionalities” (n = 116), interfaces and complexity of the hospital information systems (n = 52), relationship with health information technologies vendors and poor reactivity (n = 32), additional workload (n = 32), ergonomics (n = 30), insufficient user training (n = 22). These problems are interdependent, lead to errors and in order to mitigate their consequences, they compel pharmacy professionals to divert a significant amount of working hours to the detriment of pharmaceutical care and dispensing and preparing drugs. Conclusion: Hospital pharmacists are faced with many problems of insecurity and inefficiency generated by information systems. Researches are warranted to determine their cost, specify their deleterious effects on care and identify the safest information systems.
The listserv, although considered old technology by some, continues to show benefit for and growth in subscribers. We investigated the roles the DR-ED listserv plays within the medical education community. We asked, Who subscribes? Why do they subscribe? and How do they use the listserv? We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of the DR-ED listserv based on message content analysis and user surveys. We found the DR-ED listserv fulfills medical educators' need to network collegially; keep current with issues and ideas in the field; share solutions to problems; share resources; and advertise development opportunities. We found two types of listserv engagement: a) one-way engagement by using it as a resource, or two-way engagement by using and sharing resources. Our findings also highlight the value users attribute to virtual resources and the role listservs can play as economical professional development in a time of constrained costs, and our analysis methods can be used to guide future listserv evaluations. We conclude the relatively easy access to a global medical education listserv is one strategy to create a community of practice for medical education practitioners.
Objectives
An ageing population with an increasing prevalence of chronic disease and complex medication regimens has placed a strain on healthcare systems in Canada. A limited number of team-based primary care pharmacists are integrated into primary care clinics across the country, working alongside other members of the health care team to identify and resolve drug therapy problems and improve outcomes. While many studies have been completed in the area, the extent of research on integrated team-based primary care pharmacists in Canada is unknown. The objectives of this work were to describe the literature that exists surrounding pharmacists in a primary health care team setting in Canada. A scoping review of research focusing on pharmacists in team-based primary health care settings in Canada was performed. Thematic analysis was then performed to categorize the identified studies.
Key findings
The search identified 874 articles, of which 93 met inclusion criteria relevant to the objective. From these 93 studies, 4 themes and 23 subthemes were identified, with some studies having more than one theme or subtheme. Themes identified were the following: primary care pharmacist scope of practice (n = 79 studies), collaboration/communication within the primary care setting (n = 26), chronic disease management (n = 24) and ‘other’ (n = 15).
Summary
This research quantified and categorized 93 studies on pharmacists in interprofessional primary care teams in Canada. As this is an expanding role for pharmacists in Canada, understanding the current state of the literature is an important consideration when developing future team-based primary care roles.
