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![a Rate and b Nyquist plots of the cells using PVDF-PE, PI-PE, PI-PI [26]](publication/348527894/figure/fig5/AS:11431281115534557@1674964044436/a-Rate-and-b-Nyquist-plots-of-the-cells-using-PVDF-PE-PI-PE-PI-PI-26_Q320.jpg)
Polyimide (PI) is a kind of favorite polymer for the production of the membrane due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, including thermal stability, chemical resistance, insulation, and self-extinguishing performance. We review the research progress of PI separators in the field of energy storage—the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), foc...
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... Meanwhile, researchers have explored substituting the separator material with polyimide (PI) to address the low thermal stability of polyolefins (Lin et al. 2018;Lu et al. 2021;Yu et al. 2021). PI offers superior thermal stability (≥ 500 °C) ) and enhanced mechanical strength compared to PE and PP, which have thermal decomposition temperatures of approximately 130 °C and 160 °C, respectively (Heidari and Mahdavi 2020), owing to its aromatic ring backbone. ...
We present a novel method for processing high-molecular-weight cellulose acetate (CA) to create a uniformly porous membrane with enhanced thermal stability, using NaCl salt as an additive. Incorporating additives into high-molecular-weight polymers is challenging due to their long and rigid chains, which can prevent the uniform dispersion of the additive. For CA, achieving a homogeneous dispersion of additives is particularly challenging due to its inherent properties. NaCl, known for its high lattice energy, typically struggles to dissociate its ionic aggregates, complicating its even dispersion within the polymer matrix. To overcome this, we pre-hydrated the NaCl in water to disassemble these ionic aggregates before introducing it to the CA solution. Continuous stirring facilitated interactions between NaCl and CA, leading to a uniform dispersion of NaCl within the CA. The dispersion process was further enhanced by applying water pressure, which resulted in the formation of uniformly sized pores. We monitored the water flux continuously, establishing a reliable trend line with a coefficient of determination (R²) to validate our results. Additionally, the homogeneous dispersion of NaCl in the CA matrix was confirmed through measurements such as porosity and Gurley value, which yielded results of 19.55% ± 0.87 and 2041s/100 ml ± 73, respectively. The successful dispersion of NaCl in the CA is due to the physical cross-linking between the hydrated NaCl and CA molecules. This interaction also contributed to an improvement in the thermal stability of the CA/NaCl composite, as evidenced by thermal analysis.
... Following the recent review article that focuses entirely on PI separators, only two demonstrative examples will be introduced in this section. [74,75] Uniform porous membranes were obtained from a mixed solution of PAA with dibutyl-phthalate and glycerin using a blade coating technique. A thin film of 10 μm was obtained exhibiting a homogeneous and sponge-like structure. ...
The exploration of cathode and anode materials that enable reversible storage of mono and multivalent cations has driven extensive research on organic compounds. In this regard, polyimide (PI)‐based electrodes have emerged as a promising avenue for the development of post‐lithium energy storage systems. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the syntheses, characterizations, and applications of PI compounds as electrode materials capable of hosting a wide range of cations. Furthermore, the review also delves into the advancements in PI based solid state batteries, PI‐based separators, current collectors, and their effectiveness as polymeric binders. By highlighting the key findings in these areas, this review aims at contributing to the understanding and advancement of PI‐based structures paving the way for the next generation of energy storage systems.
... Following the recent review article that focuses entirely on PI separators, only two demonstrative examples will be introduced in this section. [74,75] Uniform porous membranes were obtained from a mixed solution of PAA with dibutyl-phthalate and glycerin using a blade coating technique. A thin film of 10µm was obtained exhibiting a homogeneous and sponge-like structure. ...
The exploration of cathode and anode materials that enable reversible storage of mono and multivalent cations has driven extensive research on organic compounds. In this regard, polyimide (PI)‐based electrodes have emerged as a promising avenue for the development of post‐lithium energy storage systems. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the synthesis, characterization, and application of PI compounds as electrode materials capable of hosting a wide range of cations. Furthermore, the review also delves into the advancements in PI‐based separators and their effectiveness as polymeric binders. By highlighting the key findings in these areas, this review aims to contribute to the understanding and advancement of PI‐based structures paving the way for the next generation of energy storage systems.
... LIBs propose very high-performance requirements for polymer materials, including excellent chemical resistance, thermal stability, high-voltage tolerance, and even high mechanical strength, while polyimides (PIs) are standing out among many polymers. PIs can be used as coatings [12], binders [13], separators [14], solid-state electrolytes [15], active storage materials [16], etc. Though the applications of PIs are diverse, they are still confined to the laboratory and far away from commercialization. ...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have helped revolutionize the modern world and are now advancing the alternative energy field. Several technical challenges are associated with LIBs, such as increasing their energy density, improving their safety, and prolonging their lifespan. Pressed by these issues, researchers are striving to find effective solutions and new materials for next-generation LIBs. Polymers play a more and more important role in satisfying the ever-increasing requirements for LIBs. Polyimides (PIs), a special functional polymer, possess unparalleled advantages, such as excellent mechanical strength, extremely high thermal stability, and excellent chemical inertness; they are a promising material for LIBs. Herein, we discuss the current applications of PIs in LIBs, including coatings, separators, binders, solid-state polymer electrolytes, and active storage materials, to improve high-voltage performance, safety, cyclability, flexibility, and sustainability. Existing technical challenges are described, and strategies for solving current issues are proposed. Finally, potential directions for implementing PIs in LIBs are outlined.
... In addition to TiO 2 , other inorganic materials such as SiO 2 [10], ZrO 2 [11], and Al 2 O 3 [12] were also used as coating materials for polyolefin separators to improve the separator's thermal stability. Furthermore, the selection of heat-resistant polymer matrix materials such as poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) [13], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) [14], and polyimide (PI) [15] was also a strategy to improve its thermal stability. However, the risk of degradation of organic materials, such as organic substrates or organic binders, has not been excluded at high temperatures. ...
Using diatomite and lithium carbonate as raw materials, a porous Li4SiO4 ceramic separator is prepared by sintering. The separator has an abundant and uniform three-dimensional pore structure, excellent electrolyte wettability, and thermal stability. Lithium ions are migrated through the electrolyte and uniformly distributed in the three-dimensional pores of the separator. The sintering temperature has an important influence on the composition of the ceramic separator. When the sintering temperature reaches 650 °C, pure Li4SiO4 is synthesized. The large porosity and excellent electrolyte affinity provide a maximum ionic conductivity of 1.18 mS cm⁻¹ for the LSCS650 ceramic separator. After 120 charge-discharge cycles, the lithium iron phosphate battery assembled with the LSCS650 separator has a discharge specific capacity of 128.4 mA h g⁻¹ and a capacity retention rate of nearly 100% at a current density of 1 C. Meanwhile, at a high current density of 10 C, the cell still has a discharge capacity of 71.4 mA h g⁻¹. Therefore, the Li4SiO4 ceramic separator has a good application prospect in high-power lithium-ion batteries.
... 7 The separator, also known as the "third electrode," is an essential factor in Na-Battery, sandwiched between the positive and negative electrodes to avert physical contact between electrodes 8 and provides transport channels for Na + migration during the battery's charge and discharge. 9 The electrolyte is pivotal in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices because it facilitates the transfer of ions between the two electrodes. The electrolyte plays a significant role in assessing the device's electrochemical stable potential window, cycling stability (in contact with the reducing anode and oxidizing cathode), and ionic conductivity. ...
This article investigates the influence of NaPF6 salt content (0–30 wt.% in a varying interval of 5 wt.%) on the structural, electrical, and biodegradable properties of HEC/NaPF6 solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBE) films. The interaction of salt with the HEC polymer matrix is confirmed by FTIR and SEM studies. The elemental composition and mapping confirm the appearance of NaPF6 moieties in the HEC polymer matrix. XRD deconvolution reveals that HEC samples with 20 wt.% (H4) and 10 wt.% of salt (H2) have a significantly lower crystallinity index than pure HEC polymer. The H2 and H4 samples show the highest room temperature conductivity values (1.62 × 10−5 and 1.13 × 10−5 S cm−1, respectively) among all other prepared samples since carrier concentration influences the ionic conductivity and shares a similar order of conductivity. Thus, the H2 and H4 samples are employed as electrolyte separators in the sodium ion battery, and the results suggest that the H2-based electrolyte system is more significant. Battery matrices like open circuit voltage (V), current density (μA cm−2), power density (mW kg−1), energy density (Wh kg−1) and discharge capacity (μA h−1) were calculated and found to be 2.48, 5.49, 44.60, 1.69, and 71.05, respectively for H2 electrolyte based cell. Wagner polarization reveals that H2 and H4 constitute the predominant charge carriers (ions) with total ion transference numbers of ⁓0.98 and ⁓0.99, respectively. To evaluate sample degradability, H2 and H4 samples were subjected to 20 and 5-day biodegradation processes, during which the polymers completely (100%) broke down.
... Consequently, CPI films gradually supplant the traditional all-aromatic PI films and have become the favored flexible substrates for FPCB. As shown in Figure 29B, Ishi et al. developed transparent photosensitive polyimides (PSPIs) as cover layer materials for FPCBs [144] . The colorless PSPIs exhibited a high T g that makes them withstand the soldering temperatures, a low CTE that inhibits curling of the PSPI/copper laminates, and low water absorption that makes them could guarantee the high performance of the FPCBs, and sufficient film flexibility. ...
... Nevertheless, those tactics generally adversely affect thermal and mechanical characteristics, for example, Figure 29. (A) A novel hybrid substrate for advanced flexible display devices [20] ; (B) One-pot polycondensation of colorless PSPIs [144] and the FPCB industry chains from CPI films to FPCB [19] . ...
Polyimide (PI), as an advanced polymer material, possesses the intrinsic merits of excellent resistance to extreme temperatures, good dielectric properties, flame resistance, strong processibility, biocompatibility, and flexibility. The outstanding performances of flexible PI have led to a wide range of applications in aerospace, medical, intelligent electronic devices, energy storage devices, and more. Notably, due to the swift progress of various flexible and soft devices, flexible PI has become ubiquitous in the form of thin films, fibers, and foam and gradually plays an indispensable role in all sorts of those devices. This review mainly focuses on the current advances in the usage of flexible PI for barrier, sensor, and functional purposes. Firstly, the key features of various methods for synthesizing and processing PI, as well as the relationship with their respective applications, are summarized. Secondly, to give readers a comprehensive view of the various applications of flexible PI materials, the applications are broken down into three categories: flexible barrier applications, flexible sensing applications, and flexible function applications, and the current research of each application is introduced in detail. Finally, a summary of the challenges and possible solutions in some flexible applications is present.
... Consequently, CPI films gradually supplant the traditional all-aromatic PI films and have become the favored flexible substrates for FPCB. As shown in Figure 29B, Ishi et al. developed transparent photosensitive polyimides (PSPIs) as cover layer materials for FPCBs [144] . The colorless PSPIs exhibited a high T g that makes them withstand the soldering temperatures, a low CTE that inhibits curling of the PSPI/copper laminates, and low water absorption that makes them could guarantee the high performance of the FPCBs, and sufficient film flexibility. ...
... Nevertheless, those tactics generally adversely affect thermal and mechanical characteristics, for example, Figure 29. (A) A novel hybrid substrate for advanced flexible display devices [20] ; (B) One-pot polycondensation of colorless PSPIs [144] and the FPCB industry chains from CPI films to FPCB [19] . ...
Polyimide (PI), as an advanced polymer material, possesses the intrinsic merits of excellent resistance to extreme temperatures, good dielectric properties, flame resistance, strong processibility, biocompatibility, and flexibility. The outstanding performances of flexible PI have led to a wide range of applications in aerospace, medical, intelligent electronic devices, energy storage devices, and more. Notably, due to the swift progress of various flexible and soft devices, flexible PI has become ubiquitous in the form of thin films, fibers, and foam and gradually plays an indispensable role in all sorts of those devices. This review mainly focuses on the current advances in the usage of flexible PI for barrier, sensor, and functional purposes. Firstly, the key features of various methods for synthesizing and processing PI, as well as the relationship with their respective applications, are summarized. Secondly, to give readers a comprehensive view of the various applications of flexible PI materials, the applications are broken down into three categories: flexible barrier applications, flexible sensing applications, and flexible function applications, and the current research of each application is introduced in detail. Finally, a summary of the challenges and possible solutions in some flexible applications is present.
... In recent years, there have been many publications on polyimide materials [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In this review, the representative progress, mainly in our laboratory, in advanced polyimide films, will be described, especially focusing on the structure and properties for electronic applications. ...
Aromatic polyimides have excellent thermal stability, mechanical strength and toughness, high electric insulating properties, low dielectric constants and dissipation factors, and high radiation and wear resistance, among other properties, and can be processed into a variety of materials, including films, fibers, carbon fiber composites, engineering plastics, foams, porous membranes, coatings, etc. Aromatic polyimide materials have found widespread use in a variety of high-tech domains, including electric insulating, microelectronics and optoelectronics, aerospace and aviation industries, and so on, due to their superior combination characteristics and variable processability. In recent years, there have been many publications on aromatic polyimide materials, including several books available to readers. In this review, the representative progress in aromatic polyimide films for electronic applications, especially in our laboratory, will be described.
... Traditional PI materials are difficult to dissolve in most organic solvents and have very high melting temperature Tm and glass transition temperature Tg [24,25]. This greatly limits the processing of PI materials into films. ...
Polyimide (PI) has excellent thermal stability, high porosity, and better high-temperature resistance. It has the potential to become a more high-end separator material, which has attracted the attention of the majority of researchers. This review is aimed at identifying the research progress and development trends of the PI-based material for separator application. We searched the published papers (2012–2021) from the WOS core collection database for analysis and analyzed their research progress and development trend based on CiteSpace text mining and visualization software. The analysis shows that the PI-based composite separator material is a research hotspot in the future and the combination of nanofiber and cellulose materials with PI is also an important research direction in the future.
