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Biomass partitioning and cutting success as influenced by indole butyric acid in softwood cuttings of indian bdellium (Commiphora wightii (Arnot.) Bhand.)Indian bdellium (Commiphora wightii) is a large shrub of the family Burseraceae wildly growing in arid and semi arid tracts of Rajasthan and Gujarat in India. The indiscriminate and faulty method...
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Guggulsterone is an aromatic steroidal ketonic compound obtained from vertical rein ducts and canals of bark of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari (Family - Burseraceae). Owing to its multifarious medicinal and therapeutic values as well as its various other significant bioactivities, guggulsterone has high demand in pharmaceutical, perfumery and i...
Citations
... We found no positive effects of applying either rooting hormone or water-at-planting on survivorship, irrespective of truncheon diameter. This is surprising given the results from other studies that recorded positive effects on restoration efficacy of applying these treatments [17, [92][93][94]. We would have expected, at least for the smaller (10 mm diameter) truncheons, that water-at-planting would have positively influenced survivorship [94]. ...
Insights from biome-wide experiments can improve efficacy of landscape-scale ecological restoration projects. Such insights enable implementers to set temporal and geographical benchmarks and to identify key drivers of success during the often decades-long restoration trajectory. Here we report on a biome-wide experiment aimed at informing the ecological restoration of thousands of hectares of degraded subtropical thicket dominated by the succulent shrub, Portulacaria afra (spekboom). Restoration using spekboom truncheons has the potential to sequester, for a semi-arid region, large amounts of ecosystem carbon, while regenerating a host of associated ecosystem services. This study evaluates, after about three years post-propagation, the effects of spekboom truncheon size and treatment on survivorship in 40 fence-enclosed (0.25 ha) plots located in target habitat across the entire spekboom thicket biome. In each plot, locally harvested spekboom truncheons, comprising eight size/treatment combinations, were planted in replicated rows of between 24 and 49 individuals, depending on treatment. The experiment assessed the role of truncheon size, spacing, application of rooting hormone and watering at planting on survivorship percentage as an indicator of restoration success. All eight combinations recorded extreme minimum survivorship values of zero, while the range of extreme maximum values was 70-100%. Larger truncheons (>22.5 mm diameter) had almost double the survivorship (ca. 45%) than smaller truncheons (< 15 mm) (ca. 25%). Planting large, untreated truncheons at 1 m intervals-as opposed to 2 m intervals recommended in the current restoration protocol-resulted in no significant change in survivorship. The application of rooting hormone and water at planting had no significant effect on restoration success for both large and small truncheons. While our results do not provide an evidence base for changing the current spekboom planting protocol, we recommend research on the financial and economic costs and benefits of different propagation strategies in real-world contexts.
... Hence, there is need for alternative method to generate quality planting materials. Vegetative propagation through stem cutting is most common and successful method (Kumar et al., 2006;Thosar and Yande 2009;Hamayoun and Zahiryan, 2019). For the successful of propagation through stem cuttings, auxins play a vital role in coordination of plant growth and behavioural processes in the life cycle. ...
Vegetative propagation of Commiphora wightii through semi-hardwood branch cuttings was undertaken in the experimental nursery of College of Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. Total five treatments of different concentration of IBA (control, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm) in three repetitions were undertaken with completely randomised design. Maximum establishment of 90 per cent with significantly superior number of leaves (7.2) and branches (3.64) along with the maximum length of shoot, length of root and number of roots (91.26 cm, 21.93 cm and 8.16, respectively) were recorded in semi-hardwood branch cuttings of C. wightii treated with IBA@1000 ppm as compared to other treatments. Moreover, cuttings treated with 1000 ppm IBA exhibited increase in length of shoot, number of leaves per plant, number of branches, length of root and number of roots per plant of 86.97%, 188%, 30.94%, 74.32% and 226.4%, respectively as compared to the control. Thus, C. wightii can be propagated by using its semi-hardwood cuttings treated with 1000 ppm IBA for production of quality planting materials.
... Germination through seed is very poor. Vegetative propagation through stem cutting is most common and successful method (Mertia and Nagrajan 2000;Chandra et al. 2001;Kumar et al. 2002;Kumar et al. 2006;Thosar and Yande 2009). Diwakar (2011) has also studied the vegetative propagation of C. wightii. ...
... Moreover, the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) plays a vital role in influencing the sprouting and rooting of stem cuttings. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is still the most widely used auxin for rooting in stem cuttings and to increase the success percentage of cuttings due to its weak toxicity and great stability (Weisman et al. 1988;Mertia and Nagrajan 2000;Chandra et al. 2001;Kumar et al. 2002;Kumar et al. 2006;Hartmann et al. 2007). Effect of different concentration of indole-3-butyric acid on the dry matter accumulation of leaves, twigs and thickness of stem cuttings and roots of C. Wightii were recorded earlier (Kumar et al. 2006). ...
... Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is still the most widely used auxin for rooting in stem cuttings and to increase the success percentage of cuttings due to its weak toxicity and great stability (Weisman et al. 1988;Mertia and Nagrajan 2000;Chandra et al. 2001;Kumar et al. 2002;Kumar et al. 2006;Hartmann et al. 2007). Effect of different concentration of indole-3-butyric acid on the dry matter accumulation of leaves, twigs and thickness of stem cuttings and roots of C. Wightii were recorded earlier (Kumar et al. 2006). It has been established in the literature that environmental factors, seasons, age and size of cuttings influence rooting in the tree species (Soundy et al. 2008;Palanisamy and Kumar 1997). ...
Studies were carried out to standardize and develop a suitable macro-propagation technology for large scale production of superior clonal stock through stem cuttings in Commiphora wightii Arnott (Bhandari), a data deficient medicinal plant of arid region. For the purpose, three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was tried to elucidate the impact of various cutting diameters (0.50-0.75 cm, 0.75-1.00 cm, 1.00-1.50 cm, and >1.50 cm) in combination with varying growing conditions (sunlight, shade house and mist chamber) on shoot sprouting and rooting without using exogenous plant growth regulators. Cutting diameter (size 0.75-1.00 cm) in mist chamber has shown maximum sprouting (90.00%) and rooting (73.33%), primary root (6.67) and secondary root (16.67) followed by 1.00-1.51 cm in mist chamber. Minimum sprouting (40.00%), rooting (33.33%), number of shoot (1.33), primary root (1.00) and number of secondary root (1.00) was recorded in cutting diameter (size >1.50 cm) in sunlight. Second experiment was performed to find out optimum growth regulator concentration of rooting hormone (100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm) of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) on adventitious root formation on cuttings diameter (size 0.25-0.50 cm) in comparison to control. Maximum rooting percentage (93.33%) was recorded in 200 ppm followed by 500 ppm (86.66%) of IBA as compared to control, which showed only 60 per cent sprouting. Third experiment was performed with newly formed juvenile micro-cuttings treated with varying concentrations of IAA and IBA. The juvenile cuttings (size 6-10 cm, basal dia
... Therefore, it is required to develop a rapid, convenient and economically viable method for the establishment of germplasm bank of rare medicinal plant for domestication at large scale. It is propagated through stem cuttings (Mertia and Nagarajan 2000;Chandra et al. 2001;Kumar et al. 2002;Kumar et al. 2006). Vegetative propagation has been recognised as an important way for the multiplication of this plant and is suggested for quick multiplication and perpetuation to achieve conservation target and/or commercial plantation. ...
... Moreover, the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) plays a vital role influencing the sprouting and rooting of stem cuttings. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is still the most widely used auxin for rooting in stem cuttings and to increase the root percentage of cuttings due to its weak toxicity and great stability (Weisman et al. 1988;Kumar et al. 2006;Hartmann et al. 2011). Effect of different IBA concentration on the dry matter accumulation of leaves, sprouts and diameter of stem cuttings and roots of C. wightii were reported earlier (Kumar et al. 2006). ...
... Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is still the most widely used auxin for rooting in stem cuttings and to increase the root percentage of cuttings due to its weak toxicity and great stability (Weisman et al. 1988;Kumar et al. 2006;Hartmann et al. 2011). Effect of different IBA concentration on the dry matter accumulation of leaves, sprouts and diameter of stem cuttings and roots of C. wightii were reported earlier (Kumar et al. 2006). It has been established in the literature that environment factors, seasons, age and size of cuttings influence rooting in the tree species (Palanisamy and Kumar 1997;Soundy et al. 2008). ...
Indian bdellium [Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari] is
a large shrub of the family Burseraceae wildly growing in
arid and semi arid tracts of Rajasthan and Gujarat in India
and included in the Red Data Book (IUCN 2011). The over
exploitation and unscientific methods of gum tapping led to
destruction of its natural population. Here, studies were
conducted for standardization of macro-propagation
protocols through stem cuttings to develop a suitable macropropagation
technique for cost effective production at large
scale. Experiments were imposed to elucidate the effect of
cutting diameter (0.50 cm to > 1.50 cm) in combination with
growing conditions (sunlight, shade house and mist
chamber) on shoot sprouting and adventitious rooting.
Results revealed that the cutting diameter of 0.75-1.00 cm in
mist chamber performed best for sprouting (90.00%) and
rooting (73.33%), number of primary root (6.67) and
number of secondary root (16.67) followed, by 1.00-1.51 cm
in mist chamber conditions. Less performance of sprouting
(40.00%), rooting (33.33%), number of shoot (1.33),
primary root (1.00) and number of secondary root (1.00)
was recorded in cutting size of > 1.50 cm diameter in
sunlight. Another experiment was performed with different
concentrations (100, 200, 500 and 1,000 mg L-1) of indole-3-
acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on
adventitious root formation on cuttings of 0.25-0.50 cm of
diameter in comparison to control (without application of
plant growth regulator). Maximum rooting percentage was
recorded in 200 mg L-1 IBA (93.33%) followed by 500 mg
L-1 IBA (86.66%) as compared to control which showed
sprouting (60.00%) only. Third experiment was performed
with newly formed mini-cuttings treated with concentrations
of IAA and IBA. The propagules of less than 8-10 cm in
length and basal diameter less than 0.25 cm were selected as
mini-cuttings. The mini-cuttings treated with IBA (500 mg
L-1), showed 64.30% rooting as compared to other
treatments. Thus, the main finding of these experiment was
that Commiphora wightii can also be propagated through
mini-cuttings technique having diameter of < 0.25 cm in
mass level and using plant growth regulator.
... Cuttings were taken from healthy and disease free branches of the plant. The basal parts of the cuttings were immersed in newly made 1500 mg/l aqueous solution of Indole-3-butyric acid solution for 5 seconds [18]. Under green-shaded (50% with green plastic mesh) nursery, these cuttings were shifted to plastic bags of 4 cm deep filled with manure and soil by ratio of 3:1. ...
Participatory oriented actions were taken in district Tharparkar to combat desertification effects through conservation of Commiphora wightii, an endangered medicinal plant and protection of local biodiversity. Synergies of various stakeholders at different levels were integrated to strengthen local ecosystem conservation project in Nagarparkar area of district Tharparkar. Indigenous communities were actively involved in in-situ Commiphora wightii proliferation, plantation and awareness raising activities. In addition, local community groups played key role in wildlife protection measures. Optimistic results were achieved in conservation activities such as exemplary participation of green guards – group ofnative motivated individuals, developed a better relationship and coordination with public, private departments and organizations to promote sustainable use of local natural resources and plantation of 4250 Commiphora wightii (three and half months old) were carried out through vegetative cuttings at the selected natural rangeland sites in the study area.
... Cuttings were taken from healthy and disease free branches of the plant. The basal parts of the cuttings were immersed in newly made 1500 mg/l aqueous solution of Indole-3-butyric acid solution for 5 seconds [12]. Under green-shaded (50% with green plastic mesh) nursery, these cuttings were shifted to plastic bags of 4 cm deep filled with manure and soil by ratio of 3:1. ...
Participatory oriented actions were taken in district Tharparkar (Southeastern Pakistan) to combat desertification effects through conserving Commiphora wightii, an endangered medicinal plant and local biodiversity protectionat large scale. Synergies of various stakeholders at different levels were undertaken to strengthen local ecosystem conservation projects in Nagarparkar area of district Tharparkar by involving indigenous communities through in-situ Commiphora wightii proliferation, plantation and awareness raising programmes. Optimistic results were achieved from local communities' participation in various activities, plantation of 4250 Commiphora wightii(three and half months old)was carried out through vegetative cuttings at the selected natural rangeland sites in the study area.
... true-to-type progenies. Commiphora wightii is known to be propagated through stem cuttings (Mertia and Nagrajan, 2000;Singh et al, 2009;Kumar et al, 2006). It being an arid region plant, the present investigation on guggal was designed to evaluate influence of the auxins IBA and NAA on regeneration of cuttings under South Gujarat conditions. ...
... NAA may have been destroyed more rapidly by the auxin-degrading enzymes. Strong influence of IBA on rooting and root growth has been experimentally substantiated earlier by various workers, viz., Singh et al (2003 and2009) and Kumar et al (2006) in guggal; Singh and Singh (2005) in poinsettia and Parmar et al (2010) in bougainvillea. ...
An investigation was carried out to study the effect of IBA and NAA on vegetative propagation of guggal[Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhand.] through cuttings, at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. The experiment consists of ten treatments: IBA, NAA and their combination, each at 2000, 4000 and 6000 mg l-1along with control, replicated thrice. Ten cuttings per each treatment and per replication were planted. Planting media used were: sand, soil and vermicompost, in 2:1:1 ratio. Cuttings were dipped for five minutes in solutions of IBA, NAA and their combinations. Cuttings treated with 4000 mg l-1 IBA proved to be the best for shoot and root responses, viz., days taken to first sprouting (11.67 days), number of shoots per cutting (10.27), number of leaves in the longest shoot (44.07), length of longest shoot (51.69cm), diameter of the longest shoot (4.40mm), rooting percentage (61.19), number of primary roots per cutting (15.01), length of the longest primary root (26.36cm), and number of secondary roots (22.37) and length of the longest secondary root (21.40cm) per cutting. It was concluded that IBA @ 4000 mg l-1 was most effective for obtaining maximum shoot and root growth.
... cm stem diameter and 12 cm long) were taken in April from mature C. wightii growing in the wild at Gulta Hills near Jaipur (Soni 2010). The basal portions of the freshly collected cuttings were dipped for 5 seconds in freshly prepared 1,500 ppm aqueous solution of Indole-3-butyric acid solution (Kumar et al. 2006). Cuttings were then planted (basal end of the stem 4 cm deep) in plastic bags (22.5 x 15 cm) containing soil and manure (ratio of 1:3) and maintained in the green-shade nursery. ...
SUMMARY To assist in the conservation of Commiphora wightii (an endangered medicinal tree), experiments were undertaken to develop an efficient, rapid and inexp ensive method for large scale propagation. Two methods were trialed, propagation by stem cuttings and in vitro tissue culture. Propagation by the stem cutting method was found to be both more successful and produced plants of a suitable size for transplanting more rapidly than in vitro cultivation. Stem cutting propagation was also inexpensive and easier to perform, as compared to in vitro propagation. The cost to produce a plant of suitab le size for transplanting was 3 Indian Rupees (INR) using the s tem cutting method and 80 INR by the in vitro method.
An experimental trial was conducted to find out the effective potting mixture and low cost quality planting material through semi-hardwood cuttings propagation of endangered medicinal plant Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari. The experiment was carried out in CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with six treatments, three replications and 20 cuttings per treatment. Growth in cutting was measured by eleven parameters. Parameter such as sprouting percentage (88.67%), rooting percentage (83.45%), minimum days for sprouting (9.82), number of sprouts (7.17), length of shoot (15.25cm), diameter of shoot (3.950mm), number of leaves (24.83), chlorophyll content a, b and total (7.6290, 5.7083 and 13.3374 mg/100g, respectively) was significantly superior under potting mixture S+S+V (soil+sand+vermicompost). Furthermore rooting parameter such as number of roots (7.51), length of root (14.60cm), diameter of root (1.338mm) was found higher in media containing S+S+C (soil+sand+cocopeat).
