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Bamboo is an economically important member of the grass family Poaceae with over 1500 documented uses. India has the 2nd largest reserve of bamboo in Asia after China. It is also called “Poor man’s timber”, “Green Gold” and “twenty-first century steel”. They are extensively used as raw material for various industries besides serving the rural popul...
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... Discovering the proper molecular markers for genetic fingerprinting is an important step in genetic estimation. For this explanation, different molecular markers are used and evaluated in the genetic fingerprinting of reasonably significant plant species (Dar et al. 2019;Boban et al. 2022;Zhang et al. 2023). This also holds accuracy for Musa cultivars. ...
Nitiworakarn S, Phae-Ngam W, Vanijajiva O. 2023. Molecular evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships of Musa cultivars in Thailand using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. Biodiversitas 24: 4060-4068. Musa cultivars are mostly obtained from crossing between wild diploid subspecies of M. acuminata (A genome) and M. balbisiana (B genome), and they reveal numerous levels of ploidy and genomic constitution. The present study, for the first time, investigated the genetic diversity of 90 Musa cultivars from 17 localities of Chai Badan district in Lopburi Province, Thailand, using start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. The SCoT technique has shown very high repeatability for characterizing Musa cultivars. The result indicated that DNA fingerprints from 30 SCoT primers generated 244 amplicons, among which 238 bands (97.54%) were polymorphic, with a mean of 7.93 polymorphic bands per primer. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was high, ranging from 0.345 to 0.483, with an average of 0.432. Genetic diversity and its partitioning parameters were calculated and demonstrated that present Musa cultivars maintain relatively high genetic diversity. The unweighted pair-group method with an arithmetic cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis and STRUCTURE analysis results were the same and showed the clear division of the genotypes into two distinct clusters, which were cluster-I consisted of only the AA genomes and cluster-II comprised of ABB and BB genomes. In conclusion, SCoT markers obtained here showed their manipulation in genetic diversity and the relationship of cultivated Musa, which would be practical for genetic preservation and continuing breeding programs in Thailand and other regions.
... Together, they build and maintain the development of bamboo forest populations, forming unique characteristics for bamboo population nutritional growth. However, many studies on growth and management technology in bamboo forests have focused on bamboo at the individual [8,9] and population [10][11][12] levels, and often exclude the study of the bamboo ramet system. ...
Intensive management is a common practice in bamboo plantations to ensure higher shoot yields. However, the effects of these management practices on ramet systems are understudied. A pot experiment was conducted to explore the process of propagation for potted bamboo seedlings (Phyllostachys praecox C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao “Prevernalis”) from a single mother bamboo to a ramet system exposed to a chronosequence of intensively managed bamboo forest soils. The ramet system of potted bamboo seedlings reached seven branching grades after two growth cycles. During ramet system expansion, the rhizome length and rhizome internodes decreased with increasing branching grade and the extension of intensive management periods. In the bud bank for each branching grade, the front branching grade was dominated by the bud output, which was conducive to consolidating the occupied living space. The back branching grade was dominated by bud input to continue rhizome penetration. With increasing branching, the mulching soil significantly inhibited rhizome bud germination and dormant bud accumulation. The mulching soil was not conducive to branch expansion in the ramet system, and ramet system expansion was predominantly based on the branching of the rhizome modules. With increasing branching and the extension of intensive management periods, rhizome branches decreased markedly. Our findings indicate that bamboo mulching inhibits branching and causes a differential reaction in branching types. The long-term mulching of bamboo forest soil was not conducive to the healthy and sustainable growth of bamboo. These results provide a basis for further research on the relationship between the bamboo ramet system and its productivity, as well as the population construction and maintenance mechanisms of bamboo ramet systems in the field.
Bamboos, the multipurpose and the most diverse forest tree grasses with 1700 species and 127 genera’s belonging to the family Poaceae, constitutes a single subfamily Bambusoideae, are known to have considerable economic, social, and ecological importance throughout the world. A total of 115 bamboo species in 35 genera are widely distributed among 48 countries in the African region. Despite bamboos immense importance in a wide range, very little is known about its diversity, distribution and resources, especially in natural forests of the African region. The use of molecular markers to detect diversity and polymorphism in plants in general and in bamboos in particular is now routinely applied in many programs. This chapter describes the taxonomy and phylogenetics of bamboos in the African region and how distinct categories of molecular markers have enabled the assessments of genetic diversity, analysis of population genetic processes, and structure of natural populations of bamboo species. All together, we provide a scene of several applications of genetic markers with its categories in classical and molecular markers to bamboos conservation to the world as well as to the continent Africa.
