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Aim
To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal irrigants neem, miswak, propolis with sodium hypochlorite using conventional needle irrigation and EndoVac irrigation system against Enterococcus faecalis .
Materials and methods
A total of 120 extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were infected for 21 days with E. faecalis after inst...
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Less invasive removal approaches have been recommended for deep caries lesions. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and propolis nanoparticle (PNP) are highlighted for the caries management plan. Evidence is lacking for an additive effect of combination PNP with photosensitizer (PS) in aPDT. This study aimed to investigate the individual and...
Citations
... This activity may have been attributed to the extract's nitrate content. On the other hand, other studies have shown a significant antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite against common oral pathogens than Salvadora persica nanoparticles 29,30,31 . ...
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Salvadora persica nanoparticles and 2.6 % NaOCl as root canal irrigants against E. Feacalis bacterial biofilm using confocal laser microscopy. Methods and Materials: This study was performed on 48 recently extracted single canaled mandibular premolar teeth that were divided randomly into three groups. E. Feacalis bacterial incubation into root canals for three weeks to ensure biofilm maturation. The specimens were stained with the live/dead technique and evaluated using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Comparison between different groups was performed by using One Way ANOVA test which revealed significant difference between all groups regarding percentage of dead cells as P<0.05, followed by Tukey`s Post Hoc test for multiple comparisons. Results: Regarding percentage of dead cells Salvadora persica nanoparticles group (52.17 % ± 2.31) was significantly the highest, while control group (1.47 % ± 0.24) was significantly the lowest. Conclusion: Salvadora persica nanoparticles represented an efficient and natural root canal irrigant against E.faecalis biofilm.
... The constant rise in strains that are resistant to antibiotics and the negative side effects of chemical irrigants have prompted a search for substitute herbal remedies. Numerous herbal extracts, including neem, aloe vera, tulsi extracts, morinda citrifolia, curcuma longa, turmeric, Triphala, proplis, Salvadora persica (Miswak), and Terminalia chebula, are showing promise for use as endodontic irrigants because of their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties [1,3,4,8]. ...
... Propolis irrigation solution was made by diluting a 33% concentration of propolis, which was commercially available (Hi-Tech Natural Products India Ltd., Delhi, India), by a 2:1 ratio with warm saline [8]. ...
... The conclusions concur with our findings. According to Daga et al.'s findings, propolis, neem, and miswak were the next best irrigants, followed by sodium hypochlorite [8]. When compared to 2% CHX, Rathee et al. found that herbal products (neem and tulsi extract) had significant antimicrobial activity in treating primary endodontic infections [14]. ...
Background:
Complete microbial eradication from the root canal and 3-dimensional obturation of the canal space are necessary for an efficient root canal procedure.
Aim:
The current research was conducted to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of herbal root canal irrigants and Chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis.
Materials and methods:
The brain heart infusion (BHI) broth was used to grow the E. faecalis (ATCC) bacterial culture overnight before it was inoculated onto Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Agar-well diffusion was used to measure antibacterial inhibition. Respective propolis, Triphala, aloe vera, and chlorhexidine irrigants were added to the appropriate wells in agar plates and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Each well's bacterial inhibition zone was measured and recorded. Statistics were used to tabulate and analyze the results.
Results:
Chlorhexidine indicated the maximum inhibitory zone against E. faecalis, subsequently propolis and Triphala, and the lowest by A. vera extract.
Conclusion:
Propolis, Triphala, and aloe vera were tested herbal remedies that demonstrated an inhibitory zone against E. faecalis. These irrigants are therefore, suitable for use as root canal irrigating solutions.
... It can battle with other microbes, infiltrate dentinal tubules, and withstand nutrient deprivation. Enterococcus faecalis is found in endocarditis, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, intra-abdominal infection, cellulitis, and wound infection, as well as concomitant bacteremia 12 . ...
Context: The thorough removal of microflora, debris, and irritants from the root canal system is necessary for root canal treatment to be effective. Herbal or natural products are becoming more popular recently as a result of their strong antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties Aims: To compare and evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of herbal extracts Aloe barbadensis miller, Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite against the Enterococcus faecalis . Settings and Design: Forty muller Hinton agar plates were taken as sample and were grouped into 4 groups as Group I: 2.5% NaOCl ,Group II: Curcuma longa extract ,Group III: Azadirachta indica extract, Group IV: Aloe barbadensis miller. Methods and Material: The agar plates were inoculated with strains of E.faecalis (ATCC29212) and test solutions were placed in agar wells in group 1-4. The agar plates were incubated at 37 0C for 72 hours. After incubating, the agar plates were examined for zone of inhibition for assessing the degree of susceptible or resistance of test organism. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis was performed using Oneway Anova test with statistical significance at P < 0.05. Results: It was shown that Curcuma longa was highly efficient similar to 2.5%NaOCl Conclusions: Curcuma longa extract has a significant antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis similar to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite Key Messages: Herbal irrigants are best alternative to gold standard chemical endodontic irrigants. With their increase in antimicrobial properties, they aid in complete removal of endodontic microorganisms.
... Thus, irrigants play a crucial role as mechanical instrumentation of the canal alone is unlikely to remove the debris and tissue remnants. [7][8][9] Sodium hypochlorite is the routinely used irrigant for endodontic therapy. It has been demonstrated that as the concentration of NaOCl increases, its antimicrobial and tissue dissolution potential also increases. ...
... • Active constituents - (15) To evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of Neem leaf extracts, grape seed extracts, 3% Sodium hypochlorite, absolute ethanol against E. faecalis in agar diffusion method. (21) 6. Dutta et al (2014) (22) 7. Podar et al (2015) (23) 8. Babaji et al (2016) (6) (24) albicansusing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). ...
Root canal treatment has been used as an ultimate boon for various clinical situations, bypassing unnecessary extractions and preserving precious dentoalveolar structures. Although, persistence of microorganisms due to complex anatomy of root structure makes the process complex and challenging. Hence, complete and thorough debridement of the root canal by various endodontic irrigants becomes a prime necessity. In recent times, herbal alternatives are gaining popularity as a means to overcome various limitations of the conventional chemical irrigants. For the ease of the readers, review of various studies, focusing on few herbal irrigants is summarised in tabular form for quick review & understanding. The tabular form is discussed under the heads viz. material/herbs with active constituent & its mechanism of action, investigators, aim and results/conclusion. We, as dentists of this new era are quite hopeful for these herbal materials to undergo further rigorous research in order to engrave their revolutionary marking in endodontic treatments and so more.
... However, further in vitro studies on its toxicological effects and optimal concentration against a wider spectrum of microorganisms have to be established" (Mustafa M 2016) Keeping in mind the results of the present study that has been conducted Chlorohexdine is most effective against the bacterial microbes compared to both sodium hypochlorite and neem [42][43][44][45][46][47]. Despite its several disadvantages, its advantages outweigh and still bring it to the most efficient position as an intracanal irrigant, but further studies still need to be performed to come to a proper conclusion for the use of neem as an intracanal irrigant [48][49][50][51][52]. ...
Aims: Out of many properties that an endodontic disinfecting agent should possess, the most important is that of having a wide range of antibacterial efficacy. This study has been performed to see the effect of different agents on the bacterial microflora and to see how efficient they are against them. Our study has used 3 different agents (Chlorohexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Neem extract) and compared their efficacy against bacterial microflora. Study Design: Experimental study design Place and Duration: The study was conducted in the Department of Endodontics at Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from February 2020 to March 2020. Methodology: Infected samples from individuals were collected through paper points and then allowed to be cultured and incubated on blood agar plates at 37 degrees in an incubator for 24 hours. The colonies were then identified through the gram staining procedure and grown on MHA agar to conduct the disk diffusion test for sensitivity. Individual zones of inhibition for irrigants were measured and compared against each other. Results: A total of 36 infected samples were included in the study out of which 12 samples were irrigated with chlorohexidine, 12 with sodium hypochlorite, and 12 with neem extract. there was a statistically significant difference in mean diameters of the inhibition zone observed between the three groups for the mean inhibition zone (F=12.28, P=0.001). Conclusion: Chlorohexidine showed greater efficacy against bacterial microflora, compared to both sodium hypochlorite and neem extract.
... The irrigating solutions were delivered via a sterile 30-gauge nickel titanium needle, which penetrated to 2 mm of the working length. The teeth were steam autoclaved at 121°C, 15 psi for 15 minutes (5,6) . Final irrigation was done with 10 ml of 17% EDTA & 5.25 of NaOCl, respectively. ...
... However, mechanical preparation along with elimination of root canal pathogens by root canal irritants is the key requisites for successful outcomes of endodontic therapy. 1 Cases with persistent infection where the microorganisms are not completely eliminated need more attention as in the majority of cases it leads to reinfection. To attain this, mechanical preparation of the root canal alone may not be sufficient. ...
... 4 Herbal products are researched as they naturally possess antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant properties alongside its biocompatibility 1. Various natural plant extracts have antimicrobial properties and therapeutic effects suggesting their potential to be used as an endodontic irrigant 4. A constant increase in antibiotic resistant strains and side effects of chemical irrigants has led to the search for alternative herbal medicaments 5. Many herbal products have been studied in vitro for their use as irrigant like neem, miswak, propolis, tulsi, tea tree oil, A. vera , triphala, noni, turmeric, green tea extract, etc. 1,4,5,6 Use of Neem (Azadirachta indica) as an endodontic irrigant might be advantageous because it is biocompatible, antimicrobial, antiadherent, and antioxidant. 1 A. vera (Aloe barbadenis) is a naturally occurring herbal medicament having antibacterial properties. ...
... Root canal infection and/or reinfection occurs mainly due to microorganisms present in the canal system. 1 The present study evaluated the efficacy of herbal root canal irrigants against Enterococus Feacalis. Daga et al compared the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal irrigants neem, miswak, propolis with sodium hypochlorite. ...
Root canal irrigation helps in eliminating the microorganisms present in the canal system. The present in vitro study was done to evaluate the efficacy root canal irrigants; sodium hypochlorite, neem, Tulsi, and Aloe vera against E. faecali. In present study 5 groups of root canal irrigants (sodium hypochlorite, neem, Tulsi, Aloe vera, and distilled water as controlled group) were tested for efficacy against E. faecali. There was highest inhibition zone observed with sodium hypochlorite group followed by Neem (Azadirachta indica), neem, Tulsi, Aloe vera and least was observed in control group with distilled water. The tested root canal irrigants sodium hypochlorite group followed by Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi, and Aloe vera are effective against E. faecali.
... Elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system is one of the primary goals of root canal treatment. Infections in endodontics are polymicrobial in nature, but it is dominated by obligate anaerobic bacteria [1] . Even after thorough mechanical and chemical instrumentation there may not be complete elimination of bacteria as the root canal systems are highly complex in nature [2] . ...
... It has been shown to adhere to host cells, express proteins that allow it to compete with other bacterial cells and alter host responses. E. faecalis is able to suppress the action of lymphocytes, potentially contributing to endodontic failure [1] . ...
... This have impelled researchers to find other substitutes. The perpetual rise in antibiotic resistant strains and adverse effects of synthetic irrigants have led to the search for new alternatives [1] . One different approach to enhance the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite irrigants within the root canal system may be to extend the temperature of low-concentration NaOCl solutions. ...
Aim: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Chitosan, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis at room temperature of the irrigant, at warm temperature (60 o Celsius) of the irrigant and after intracanal heating (180 o Celsius) of the irrigant. Materials and method: A total of 120 extracted single-rooted teeth were infected for 21 days with E. faecalis after instrumentation with Pro Taper system. Before irrigation procedure, dentinal shavings were collected in 1 ml of sterile broth and incubated. The optical density of each broth was measured using digital colorimeter and initial readings were recorded. Samples were then divided into five groups of 24 teeth in each group-Group A: Sodium hypochlorite irrigation, Group B: EDTA irrigation, Group C: Chitosan irrigation, Group D: Chlorhexidine irrigation, Group E: Saline irrigation. Each group was further divided into three subgroups-(I) Room temperature of irrigant (II) Warm temperature of irrigant (III) Intracanal heating of irrigant. After irrigation, dentinal shavings were collected and optical density recorded. The values were analysed statistically with Student's t test and analysis of variance followed by Post-Hoc Bonferroni's correction test; p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The post irrigation optical densities in all the groups were significantly lower than pre irrigation values. Sodium hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine demonstrated better antimicrobial efficacy followed by Chitosan and EDTA, whereas the least efficacy was shown by Saline which was the control group. Differences in optical density using different irrigants were found to be higher by intracanal heating of irrigants followed by warm irrigation and room temperature irrigation (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Chitosan exhibited effective antimicrobial effect similar to Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite. Intracanal heating was most effective for elimination of E.faecalis followed by warm irrigation as compared to that of room temperature of the irrigant.
... Many methods developed to make irrigation system more powerful and effective using manual and rotary mechanical agitation techniques. The manual one includes the use of needles, brushes, and dynamic agitation while the rotary techniques include rotary brushes, ultrasonic, and using EndoVAC (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) . Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of two natural herbal extract as root canal irrigations (neem and tea tree oil) and two chemical root canal irrigations (sodium hypochloorite and chlorhexidine) and compare the results with and without agitation system either with or without the use of agitation system. ...
... This was agreement with other studies that shown that the using the EndoVac system have many advantages in enhancing cleaning ability of the root canal in compare to other irrigations systems . (11)(12)(13)(14)(15) . These findings confirmed the importance of mechanical instrumentation combined with the use of antibacterial irrigation in disinfecting root canals. ...
... Previous studies have reported that the EndoVac TM System was safe and effective in irrigation of the root canal especially in the apical third (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) . ...
