Fig 1 - uploaded by Hakim Saibi
Content may be subject to copyright.
Color shaded relief map of Afghanistan topography including tectonic block names and abbreviations of major faults: CH-Chaman, CB-Central Badakhsan, DS-Darafshan, DM-Dosi Mirzavalan, GA-Gardez, HR-Hari Rod, HM-Helmand, HV-Henjvan, KR-Kaj Rod, KO-Konar, MO-Mokur, PM-Paghman, PJ-Panjshir, QA-Qarghanaw, SP-Spinghar, F-Farah.
Source publication
This study integrates potential gravity and magnetic field data with remotely sensed images and geological data in an effort to understand the subsurface major geological structures in Afghanistan. Integrated analysis of Landsat SRTM data was applied for extraction of geological lineaments. The potential field data were analyzed using gradient inte...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... color shaded relief map of Afghanistan and the surrounding area ( Fig. 1) shows the large area of mountainous terrain in the country compared with the relative lowlands to the southwest. The relief map emphasizes that the mountain belt is not linear. This tectonic morphology is a direct result of the India-Asia collision to the east of ...
Context 2
... AS is very useful for delineating edges of magnetic sources because of the amplitude of the AS peaks over magnetic sources. The maxima of AS of the magnetic data produce clear resolution of the shal- lower bodies, but do not delineate the deeper body very well (Arisoy and Dikmen 2013). The analytic signal signature of Afghanistan was calculated ( Figs. 9 and 10) in the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform technique (Blakely 1995). Higher values of the analytic signal of magnetic data are observed mainly in the accreted terranes area and along the HR and CH faults (Fig. 9), indicating that these regions have significant magnetic susceptibility contrasts that produce identifiable ...
Context 3
... of the analytic signal of magnetic data are observed mainly in the accreted terranes area and along the HR and CH faults (Fig. 9), indicating that these regions have significant magnetic susceptibility contrasts that produce identifiable signatures on the map. High analytic signal of gravity data is observed on the north Afghan plat- form ( Fig. 10) and also along HR and HM fault structures and in the Tirin- Arghandab ...
Context 4
... (x, y), and (∂F/∂x), (∂F/∂y), (∂F/∂z) are the two horizontal and vertical derivatives of the potential field, respec- tively. The TDR method has the advantage of responding well to both shal- low and deep sources, and the map of TDR recognizes the horizontal loca- tion and extent of sources. The TDR of magnetic and gravity data are presented in Figs. 11 and 12, respectively. The TDR has enhanced the poten- tial field anomalies considerably compared to the original maps of magnetic and gravity. Verduzco et al. (2004) presented an edge detector, which is the horizontal derivative of the tilt ...
Context 5
... is independent of the geomagnetic field and generates maxi- mum values over the edges of the magnetized bodies. Figures 13 and 14 show the HG-TDR of the magnetic and gravity data, respectively. The HG- TDR delineates model edges well, as the amplitude of the HG-TDR peaks over magnetic sources, but the results for the deeper bodies are not so effec- tive ( Arisoy and Dikmen 2013). ...
Context 6
... results in Fig. 15 show the Euler solutions by applying Eq. 6 to the aeromagnetic data using a structural index of 0 for faults and contacts. The depth to the magnetic sources ranges from near-surface to 10 km. The Euler solutions are clustered along the major faults and show many circular shapes that may correspond to intrusion bodies ...
Context 7
... RTP magnetic map shows clearly the two basins characterised by regional low magnetic responses. The Sharistan Swell, located between the two basins, is represented by medium amplitude anomalies (around 25 nT), which strike NE-SW similar to that of Kandahar anomalies. This region is intruded by mafic dikes (Fig. 16). High magnetic anomalies along the Hel- mand Fault (HM) are interpreted to represent magnetized Archean rocks and dikes associated with accretionary terranes in the western part of Afghani- stan. The magnetic anomalies in the Sharistan Swell correlates with dikes and Archean rocks (Fig. 16). To the NW, magnetic anomalies decrease in ...
Context 8
... anomalies. This region is intruded by mafic dikes (Fig. 16). High magnetic anomalies along the Hel- mand Fault (HM) are interpreted to represent magnetized Archean rocks and dikes associated with accretionary terranes in the western part of Afghani- stan. The magnetic anomalies in the Sharistan Swell correlates with dikes and Archean rocks (Fig. 16). To the NW, magnetic anomalies decrease in amplitude as magnetic crystalline basement in that area is increasingly cov-ered by the Ghor Basin. The magnetic anomalies in the Ghor and Rosgan ba- sins differ because of the depths of the depth to the magnetic crystalline rocks. The magnetic response of crystalline basement beneath the Ghor ...
Context 9
... zone is bordered in the east by the Chaman Fault, which forms the bor- der to the southeast Afghan Trough and in the north by two successive faults, the Mokur and Darafshan faults. This subdomain is characterised by the frequent occurrence of magnetic rocks (Fig. 16), which lie beneath rela- tively thin sedimentary successions. Magnetic anomalies strike NE-SW. The peak amplitude is ~208 nT. These magnetic anomalies are largely caused by the magnetic intrusive volcanic rocks that crop out at the surface or that are Fig. 16. Magnetic delineated units with dikes in Afghanistan, overlaid on the shaded ...
Context 10
... faults. This subdomain is characterised by the frequent occurrence of magnetic rocks (Fig. 16), which lie beneath rela- tively thin sedimentary successions. Magnetic anomalies strike NE-SW. The peak amplitude is ~208 nT. These magnetic anomalies are largely caused by the magnetic intrusive volcanic rocks that crop out at the surface or that are Fig. 16. Magnetic delineated units with dikes in Afghanistan, overlaid on the shaded relief (SRTM) map. White dashed lines show the interpreted fault structure from tilt derivative of aeromagnetic data. situated underneath a minor cover. The NE-SW magnetic anomaly of this region is parallel to the Chaman ...
Context 11
... zone is located in the eastern boundary of the EAT. It is characterised by high amplitude magnetic anomalies (196 nT in the north to 460 nT in the south), which are interpreted to be sourced from near-surface volcanic rocks (Fig. ...
Context 12
... region is characterised by high amplitude magnetic anomalies (see Fig. 6) that vary from 190 nT in the south to 650 nT in the north. The source of this high magnetic and gravity anomaly (Fig. 17) is interpreted to be a high magnetic, high density mafic intrusive body. Fig. 17. High density delineated rocks in Afghanistan, overlaid on complete Bouguer gravity map. White dashed lines show the interpreted fault structure from tilt derivative of gravity data. "H" represents high complete Bouguer anomaly while "L" represents low ...
Context 13
... region is characterised by high amplitude magnetic anomalies (see Fig. 6) that vary from 190 nT in the south to 650 nT in the north. The source of this high magnetic and gravity anomaly (Fig. 17) is interpreted to be a high magnetic, high density mafic intrusive body. Fig. 17. High density delineated rocks in Afghanistan, overlaid on complete Bouguer gravity map. White dashed lines show the interpreted fault structure from tilt derivative of gravity data. "H" represents high complete Bouguer anomaly while "L" represents low complete Bouguer ...
Context 14
... color shaded relief map of Afghanistan and the surrounding area ( Fig. 1) shows the large area of mountainous terrain in the country compared with the relative lowlands to the southwest. The relief map emphasizes that the mountain belt is not linear. This tectonic morphology is a direct result of the India-Asia collision to the east of ...
Context 15
... AS is very useful for delineating edges of magnetic sources because of the amplitude of the AS peaks over magnetic sources. The maxima of AS of the magnetic data produce clear resolution of the shallower bodies, but do not delineate the deeper body very well (Arisoy and Dikmen 2013). The analytic signal signature of Afghanistan was calculated ( Figs. 9 and 10) in the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform technique (Blakely 1995). Higher values of the analytic signal of magnetic data are observed mainly in the accreted terranes area and along the HR and CH faults (Fig. 9), indicating that these regions have significant magnetic susceptibility contrasts that produce identifiable ...
Context 16
... values of the analytic signal of magnetic data are observed mainly in the accreted terranes area and along the HR and CH faults (Fig. 9), indicating that these regions have significant magnetic susceptibility contrasts that produce identifiable signatures on the map. High analytic signal of gravity data is observed on the north Afghan platform ( Fig. 10) and also along HR and HM fault structures and in the TirinArghandab ...
Context 17
... at (x, y), and (wF/wx), (wF/wy), (wF/wz) are the two horizontal and vertical derivatives of the potential field, respec- tively. The TDR method has the advantage of responding well to both shallow and deep sources, and the map of TDR recognizes the horizontal location and extent of sources. The TDR of magnetic and gravity data are presented in Figs. 11 and 12, respectively. The TDR has enhanced the potential field anomalies considerably compared to the original maps of magnetic and gravity. Verduzco et al. (2004) presented an edge detector, which is the horizontal derivative of the tilt ...
Context 18
... is independent of the geomagnetic field and generates maximum values over the edges of the magnetized bodies. Figures 13 and 14 show the HG-TDR of the magnetic and gravity data, respectively. The HG-TDR delineates model edges well, as the amplitude of the HG-TDR peaks over magnetic sources, but the results for the deeper bodies are not so effective ( Arisoy and Dikmen 2013). ...
Context 19
... results in Fig. 15 show the Euler solutions by applying Eq. 6 to the aeromagnetic data using a structural index of 0 for faults and contacts. The depth to the magnetic sources ranges from near-surface to 10 km. The Euler solutions are clustered along the major faults and show many circular shapes that may correspond to intrusion bodies ...
Context 20
... RTP magnetic map shows clearly the two basins characterised by regional low magnetic responses. The Sharistan Swell, located between the two basins, is represented by medium amplitude anomalies (around 25 nT), which strike NE-SW similar to that of Kandahar anomalies. This region is intruded by mafic dikes (Fig. 16). High magnetic anomalies along the Helmand Fault (HM) are interpreted to represent magnetized Archean rocks and dikes associated with accretionary terranes in the western part of Afghanistan. The magnetic anomalies in the Sharistan Swell correlates with dikes and Archean rocks (Fig. 16). To the NW, magnetic anomalies decrease in ...
Context 21
... Kandahar anomalies. This region is intruded by mafic dikes (Fig. 16). High magnetic anomalies along the Helmand Fault (HM) are interpreted to represent magnetized Archean rocks and dikes associated with accretionary terranes in the western part of Afghanistan. The magnetic anomalies in the Sharistan Swell correlates with dikes and Archean rocks (Fig. 16). To the NW, magnetic anomalies decrease in amplitude as magnetic crystalline basement in that area is increasingly cov-ered by the Ghor Basin. The magnetic anomalies in the Ghor and Rosgan basins differ because of the depths of the depth to the magnetic crystalline rocks. The magnetic response of crystalline basement beneath the Ghor ...
Context 22
... zone is bordered in the east by the Chaman Fault, which forms the border to the southeast Afghan Trough and in the north by two successive faults, the Mokur and Darafshan faults. This subdomain is characterised by the frequent occurrence of magnetic rocks (Fig. 16), which lie beneath relatively thin sedimentary successions. Magnetic anomalies strike NE-SW. The peak amplitude is ~208 nT. These magnetic anomalies are largely caused by the magnetic intrusive volcanic rocks that crop out at the surface or that are Fig. 16. Magnetic delineated units with dikes in Afghanistan, overlaid on the shaded ...
Context 23
... faults. This subdomain is characterised by the frequent occurrence of magnetic rocks (Fig. 16), which lie beneath relatively thin sedimentary successions. Magnetic anomalies strike NE-SW. The peak amplitude is ~208 nT. These magnetic anomalies are largely caused by the magnetic intrusive volcanic rocks that crop out at the surface or that are Fig. 16. Magnetic delineated units with dikes in Afghanistan, overlaid on the shaded relief (SRTM) map. White dashed lines show the interpreted fault structure from tilt derivative of aeromagnetic data. situated underneath a minor cover. The NE-SW magnetic anomaly of this region is parallel to the Chaman ...
Context 24
... zone is located in the eastern boundary of the EAT. It is characterised by high amplitude magnetic anomalies (196 nT in the north to 460 nT in the south), which are interpreted to be sourced from near-surface volcanic rocks (Fig. ...
Context 25
... region is characterised by high amplitude magnetic anomalies (see Fig. 6) that vary from 190 nT in the south to 650 nT in the north. The source of this high magnetic and gravity anomaly (Fig. 17) is interpreted to be a high magnetic, high density mafic intrusive body. Fig. 17. High density delineated rocks in Afghanistan, overlaid on complete Bouguer gravity map. White dashed lines show the interpreted fault structure from tilt derivative of gravity data. "H" represents high complete Bouguer anomaly while "L" represents low ...
Context 26
... region is characterised by high amplitude magnetic anomalies (see Fig. 6) that vary from 190 nT in the south to 650 nT in the north. The source of this high magnetic and gravity anomaly (Fig. 17) is interpreted to be a high magnetic, high density mafic intrusive body. Fig. 17. High density delineated rocks in Afghanistan, overlaid on complete Bouguer gravity map. White dashed lines show the interpreted fault structure from tilt derivative of gravity data. "H" represents high complete Bouguer anomaly while "L" represents low complete Bouguer ...
Citations
... It was proposed by Thompson [4] for 2D sources and generalized for 3D sources by Reid et al. [5], who described the technique as a deconvolution based on Euler's homogeneity equation and coined the term "Euler deconvolution." Recently, the application of the Euler deconvolution to gravity and magnetic datasets has shown great success in mapping geological structures [6][7][8][9][10]. The Euler deconvolution has gained popularity mostly as a result of how easy it is to use and implement, giving it an excellent choice for a quick initial interpretation. ...
Euler deconvolution is widely used for interpreting magnetic anomalies as it estimates the edges and depths of magnetic sources. Since this method was proposed, there has been an intensive effort to mitigate its primary deficiencies, namely, the generation of many spurious solutions and the high noise sensitivity. To select the most significant solutions, we adopt the strategy of constraining the moving window to the source edges, whose locations are estimated using the enhanced horizontal gradient amplitude method. On the other hand, we reduce noise propagation by performing a stable calculation of the vertical derivatives. For this purpose, we use the β-VDR method, a finite-difference method that yields a robust approximation of the vertical derivatives of magnetic data. The accuracy of the proposed technique is demonstrated on synthetic magnetic anomalies, providing the depths more precisely and being insensitive to noise. Application of this technique is also demonstrated on aeromagnetic anomalies from the Olympic Peninsula (USA), where the obtained result is in good agreement with known information of the study region.
... Thus, faults and shear zones are potential pathways of hydrothermal fluids [9, 11,12] and thus, understanding the [11] structural framework of a mineralized area, the distribution and orientation of the structures, (joint, fault, fractures, and shear zones), their formation during the structural evolution and the tectonic conditions are key to understanding the formation, origin and location of mineral deposits [13]. These structures are often concealed beneath the surface and in some cases, they are deeply seated as such require a geophysical approach that can delineate these subtle structures that may be responsible for the migration of hydrothermal fluid relevant and responsible for the deposition of Gold [14]. ...
... Several research works have been published within the Nigerian basement complex mostly in the schist belts for structures, hydrothermal alteration zones delineation for gold employing either only the magnetic method or the integration of magnetic with radiometric or the remote sensing data [5], [18,9,19,30,21,32,10,6,23,33,34,35,36,37]. Since these methods are essential in characterizing geological features including faults, folds, shear zones, and other favourable places for mineralization, they are widely used globally as fundamental tools for geological interpretations [14,38,39,40]. ...
The Nigerian schist belts are endowed with gold mineralisation and to delineate the geological structures that favour gold mineralisation, the airborne magnetic data that cover the study area was employed. Also, the residual magnetic anomaly data of the research area was reduced to the Equator (RTE) followed by the application of the centre for exploration targeting (CET) plug-in and three source edge mapping techniques; analytic signal (AS), first vertical derivative (FVD) and the horizontal gradient magnitude (HGM), for structural delineation and subsequently the structural density map of the area was produced. Structural density varies from 0.186 km/km2 low to 0.93 km/km2 high. Portions within the study area with high structural densities are Bakori in the southwest, Shanono in the northeast, Gwarzo situated directly south of Shanono, north and south of Karaye, the border between Kafur and Rogo in the south, all within the schist. Since structures are conduits for the migration of mineralisation fluids, areas with high structural densities will be viable for gold mineralisation. Also, comparing the structural density map of the area to the analytic signal map of the area has revealed the high structural density portions to coincide with the high analytic signal zones. This implies that structures within these portions are responsible for the migration of mineralization fluid into these environments.
... The analytic signal technique assumed that gravity contacts as causative sources. The analytical signal method equation (3) (Nabighian, 1972), commonly also known as the total gradient or analytic signal amplitude, has been widely used, with improvements and investigations conducted to enhance its effectiveness and explore its applications in various geological settings since its inception (Saibi et al., 2016). ...
... These structures are instrumental in localizing mineralization, serving as conduits for hydrothermal fluids. Geophysical measurements are imperative for assessing such deposits [4] [1]. ...
... It is customary to employ geophysical techniques, especially highresolution magnetic and aero-radiometric methods, to map concealed geological structures directly linked to mineralization [4]. These techniques are widely adopted worldwide as foundational tools for geological interpretations since they are instrumental in defining geological features such as faults, folds, shear zones, and other favorable locations for mineralization [4]- [8]. ...
... It is customary to employ geophysical techniques, especially highresolution magnetic and aero-radiometric methods, to map concealed geological structures directly linked to mineralization [4]. These techniques are widely adopted worldwide as foundational tools for geological interpretations since they are instrumental in defining geological features such as faults, folds, shear zones, and other favorable locations for mineralization [4]- [8]. ...
An analysis of aeromagnetic and aero-radiometric data from the Chitipa area in northern Malawi is presented in this study. The aim is to delineate structures, hydrothermal alteration areas, and gold mineral potential zones, as well as to identify regions suitable for further mineral exploration. Airborne geophysical data, specifically aeromagnetic and aero-radiometric data, were employed. Several enhancement techniques and filters were applied to the geophysical data, including reduction to the pole, computation of the first vertical derivatives, analytical signal processing, tilt angle derivative enhancements, Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET) grid analysis, Euler deconvolution, and radiometric data ratios. The results of the analysis offer detailed insights into the subsurface geology. It is indicated that the area is characterized by faulting and shearing, with structures predominantly trending in a northwest direction. Minor trends in the northeast-southwest, east-west, and north-south directions were also observed. Zones with hydrothermal alteration were discovered to coincide with structural associations in the NW part of the study area, suggesting that the structures served as channels for migrating hydrothermal fluids that reacted with the rock formation, resulting in alteration. The northwest area is identified as a promising mineralization zone, emphasizing the need for further exploration efforts in this region.
... According to Saibi et al. (2016), this equation demonstrates that contributions from the depths, widths, and thicknesses of the source ensemble can affect the shape of the energy spectral decay curve. ...
... The analytic signal technique assumed that magnetic contacts as causative sources. The analytical signal method Equation (5) (Nabighian, 1972), commonly referred to as the "total gradient," has undergone continual improvements and investigations since its initial use (Saibi et al., 2016). ...
... In this report, the authors attempted to identify and extract all linear structures that were mappable by using remote sensing data. Structural investigations of Afghanistan using remote sensing, geophysical, and field data were conducted by Saibi et al. (2016). In this study, the authors discussed the whole structural condition of the country by examining the regional data. ...
... The outputs of this study are considered the first comprehensive investigation of lineament distribution, their pattern configuration, and temporal evolution within the Kabul Block. Previous studies, such as Hubbard et al. (2012), Saibi et al. (2016), and Rustami et al. (2017), have extracted lineaments in other regions of Afghanistan using limited methods and validations. ...
The earth’s surface linear features, expressing geological lineaments, play a key role in identifying hydrothermal alteration and mineralization zones, as well as in understanding tectonic settings of a region. The objective of this investigation is to utilize a method for extracting lineaments automatically, which will be integrated and applied to identify geological-based lineaments by making use of remote sensing data. The study will further examine the structural pattern and temporal-spatial evolution of the lineaments and establish their connection with the primary active faults present in the Kabul Block. Multi-sensor data from radar (DEM (Digital Elevation Model)-5m, Sentinel-1B GRD (Ground Range Detected)) and optical sensors (Sentinel-2 MSI (Multispectral Instrument) and ASTER) were processed using spatial and spectral filters before automatic lineament extraction. LINE-module algorithm was applied to various illuminated hill-shades of DEM-5m, filtered HH (Horizonal-Horizonal) and VH (Vertical-Horizontal) of Sentinel-1GRD and PC1 (Principle Component) of Sentinel-2A MSI, and ASTER data to detect linear surface features. Extensive testing was conducted to verify the accuracy of extracted lineaments and to exclude any artificial lineaments in the study area. The radar and optical data results were compared while taking into consideration the geological and tectonic settings of the study area to select the most appropriate extracted lineaments. The DEM-5m and Sentinel-1B GRD showed the best result for identifying lineaments, and these were found to be highly correlated with previously available data in the Kabul Block. The final results of DEM-5m and Sentinel-1B GRD were further analyzed. The extracted lineaments were found to trend predominantly in a NW-SE and NE-SW directions, which is consistent with the results of other data. Temporal evolution and spatial distribution reveal that a high density of the lineaments is associated with Paleogene and Quaternary formations, while a low density is observed in Proterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic formations. The west and southwest edges of the Kabul Block are controlled by compressive stress trending NNW-SSE, while the north and southeast margins are influenced by NE-SW and ∼ N-S trending compressive stress.
... very important in the investigation of subsurface radiogenic heat sources in unexposed regions (Salawu et al. 2021a). The interpretation of radiometric data is very significant in revealing concealed geology of inaccessible regions (Aitken and Betts 2009;Saibi et al. 2016;Salawu et al. 2023). The radiometric method is particularly suitable for revealing the distribution of heat sources since radiometric data are very effective for understanding the heat generation of rock units (Salawu et al. 2021b). ...
The Wikki Warm Spring is one of the promising locations for the development of geothermal projects in Nigeria. Radiometric and remote sensing data were interpreted to enhance the understanding of the factors controlling the geothermal energy sources in the Wikki Warm Spring. Thus, mapping locations of concealed heat sources offer concentration areas for follow-up geothermal exploration. Landsat-8 imagery was used to produce the land surface temperature (LST) map, which reveals surface temperature variation that ranges from 50 to 95 °C. In comparison, the radiogenic heat map of the region generated from the radiometric data of the study area shows radiogenic heat production rate, which ranged from less than 0.69 to above 3.91 µWm−3. The radiogenic heat and LST maps show similar features, indicating that Basement Complex terrain exhibits high radiogenic and surface temperature than the Benue Trough. Monte Carlo simulation reveals statistical values that suggest that the most likely radiogenic heat value is 1.95 µWm−3 around the warm spring, the highest possible (best case scenario) heat value is 2.23 µWm−3, and the least possible value (worst case scenario) is 1.69 µWm−3. The Basement Complex terrain northwest of the warm spring produced high radiogenic heat, generating values above 3.91 μWm−3. The outcome of this investigation is very important for explorationists to institute sustainable geothermal energy mitigation plans and produce a clean and renewable energy in Wikki Warm Spring.
... Roest et al. (1992) showed that the analytical signal peaks can determine the sourceˈ horizontal boundaries. Many researchers have used the analytic signal to enhance subsurface structural features (Saibi et al., 2016(Saibi et al., , 2019Hang et al., 2017). Hsu et al. (1996) improved the resolution of the analytic signal using the second-order gradients of the data. ...
In this study, structural lineaments and fracture zones of the northern region of the Central Indian Ridge have been determined using gravity data from XGM2019e_2159 global gravity model. In this scope, firstly, the edge detection performances of the gradient amplitude of the tilt angle (THDR), theta map (TM), improved local phase (ILP), and improved logistic (IL) methods have been evaluated on synthetic examples. The results show that the IL method effectively avoids false edges and produces high-resolution edges. Then, the methods are applied to the gravity anomaly of the northern region of the Central Indian Ridge. It has been determined that the most prominent structural lineaments observed over the region are in the NE-SW and NW-SE directions. These trends match reasonably with the significant trends of the Tilt depth solutions that show a depth range of 2.2 km to 7 km for different geological structures. In addition, the obtained results are compatible with the known fracture zones of the study area. The findings help us to improve our understanding of the structure and tectonic framework of the study region.
... Miller and Singh [20] and Verduzco et al. [21] suggested the analytic signal method; the tilt derivative method, also known as the tilt angle method, is a refinement of all that approach. The horizontal gradient amplitude (first horizontal derivative) of the tilt angle is used by the tilt derivative to determine the location and depth of vertical magnetic contacts without knowing the source configuration [22]. The advantage of the tilt derivative is its ability to display the zero contour line on or near contact. ...
The study area is situated in the central part of the Western Desert of Egypt between latitude 28°00′ to 30°00′ N and longitude 25°00′ to 30°00′ E. That region is distinguished by a featureless plain that is divided by depressions in Siwa, Qattara, and Bahariya. The purpose of the current study is to study the predominant structures in the area and how they relate to basin structure. Utilizing aerogravity data (Bouguer gravity, residual gravity, downward continuation, and Euler deconvolution) and aeromagnetic data (reduced to the northern Pole [RTP] anomalies and tilt derivative) is essential to accomplish this purpose. Through both qualitative analyses, these data were submitted to various processing and interpretation approaches. The subsurface structure configuration trending in E–W, N–S, NW–SE, NE–SW, ENE–WSW, and NNE–SSW directions has been simulated by utilizing aerogravity and aeromagnetic data. According to these maps, the study area is divided by around 44 faults. The study's findings indicated that the direction of the basement structure was almost NE–SW and N–S. The optimum Euler depth deconvolution at structure index, SI = 0 shows several features in the study area, including Sill, Dyke, Ribbon, and Step structures.
... The enhancement techniques play an essential role in detecting boundaries of geological formations and understanding the structural settings (Ekinci et al. 2013;Ekinci and Yi gitbaş 2015;Saibi et al. 2016;Kumar et al. 2018;Nasuti et al. 2019;Elhussein and Shokry 2020;Dilalos et al. 2022). A wide range of techniques is available to enhance the information contained in potential field data (Yuan and Yu 2015;Oksum et al. 2019;Eldosouky et al. 2020aEldosouky et al. , 2022a. ...
The enhancement techniques of potential field data are commonly used to detect the boundary locations of geological structures. There are many different techniques for estimating the source boundaries. Through synthetic examples and Bouguer data from the southern Red Sea, we have evaluated the performance of 15 enhancement techniques. The findings show that the tilt angle of horizontal gradient (TAHG) and fast sigmoid (FSED) techniques perform better than other techniques under almost all scenarios. Moreover, these two techniques can avoid producing false structures or connected structures as other techniques. The extracted lineaments from the TAHG and FSED were compared with surface faults of the study area. As a result, major differences are caused by rifting effect on the oceanic crust. The obtained results provide valuable information to better understand the structural features of the southern Red Sea and to introduce a more reliable structural interpretation.
