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(Color online) Dielectric and ferroelectric properties: (a) dielectric constant and loss factor as a function of frequency and (b) polarization-electric field (P-E ) loops.
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In this study, we report the success in synthesis and characterization of magneto-electric (ME) 3-2 nanocomposite thick films using aerosol-deposition (AD). Piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials were simultaneously deposited on a platinized silicon substrate using AD method and a 13-mum-thick nanocomposite film was realized with repeatable n...
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Here we review the current status of magnetoelectric (ME) multiferroics and ME composite thin/thick films. The magnitude of ME coupling in the composite systems is dependent upon the elastic coupling occurring at the interface of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases. The multiferroic ME films in comparison with bulk ME composites have some uni...
Citations
... The Metglas-based ME laminates showed relatively large ME coupling for both the off-resonance and resonance. Subsequently, several advancements have been done to enhance the ME coupling in Metglas-based ME laminates by tailoring the number of layers of the Metglas, the geometry of the ME laminates, the thickness ratio of the Metglas, and the piezoelectric phase (Park et al., 2009a;Fang et al., 2009;Park et al., 2009b;Das et al., 2009). An ME voltage coefficient of 21.5 V/cm•Oe was achieved at offresonance frequency in Metglas based ME composites. ...
Magnetoelectric (ME) composites comprising ferromagnetic and ferroelectric phases have encouraged substantial number of research activities due to strain-driven interface coupling between two different phases. The multifunctionality of ME composites makes them potential candidates for applications in novel multifunctional devices, such as sensors, memories, and medical devices. In this review, we summarized the remarkable progress in ME composite thick/thin films performed in the most recent years. Although ME nanocomposite thin films generate comparatively weaker ME coupling voltages compared to bulk composites, they have potential applications in miniaturized ME devices, such as integrated electronics, spintronics based memory devices, and medical devices owing to their ideal interfacial coupling and volumetric/areal advantages.
... the level of attoJoule per unit per driving voltage), operation speed (goal: from GHz to THz), reliability (>10-year service life), and compatibility of the constituent materials with existing technological platforms would also need to be considered. Figure 10 summarizes experimental reports on the magnitude of room-temperature magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (α HV = ΔE/ΔH, in the unit of mV cm −1 Oe −1 ) in particulate composites, [193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204] horizontal heterostructures, 161, and vertical heterostructures 230,231 (see details in Tables 4a-e). The α HV is usually measured by detecting the output voltage induced by an externally applied DC bias magnetic field (H DC ) and a co-axial AC driving magnetic field (with a frequency f AC ). ...
Magnetoelectric composites and heterostructures integrate magnetic and dielectric materials to produce new functionalities, e.g., magnetoelectric responses that are absent in each of the constituent materials but emerge through the coupling between magnetic order in the magnetic material and electric order in the dielectric material. The magnetoelectric coupling in these composites and heterostructures is typically achieved through the exchange of magnetic, electric, or/and elastic energy across the interfaces between the different constituent materials, and the coupling effect is measured by the degree of conversion between magnetic and electric energy in the absence of an electric current. The strength of magnetoelectric coupling can be tailored by choosing suited materials for each constituent and by geometrical and microstructural designs. In this article, we discuss recent progresses on the understanding of magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms and the design of magnetoelectric heterostructures guided by theory and computation. We outline a number of unsolved issues concerning magnetoelectric heterostructures. We compile a relatively comprehensive experimental dataset on the magnetoelecric coupling coefficients in both bulk and thin-film magnetoelectric composites and offer a perspective on the data-driven computational design of magnetoelectric composites at the mesoscale microstructure level.
... There have been other composite structures reported in the literature. Park et al. [10] reported the development of a 3-2 structured composite consisting of a (Ni 0. 6 [11] fabricated a quasi-one-dimensional ME composite by inserting a magnetostrictive wire (FeNi/FeGa/FeCoV) into a PZT tube where the tube-wire interface bonding was made with silver paste. Comparing the results from these prior studies, it can be stated that 2-2 composite structure has inherent advantages in terms of fabrication and performance. ...
... The Al doped M-type hexaferrites further increase the resonance frequency, and are suitable for 50-110 GHz devices [130]. Tatarenko et al. [131] reported the converse ME effect over the [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] GHz range in bilayers of single crystal ZnY and polycrystalline PZT or single crystal PMN-PT. The resonator was tuned by 120 MHz with E = 12 kV/cm, and corresponding ME coupling strength A was about 10 MHz cm/kOe. ...
Multiferroic magnetoelectric (ME) composites are attractive materials for various electrically and magnetically cross-coupled devices. Many studies have been conducted on fundamental understanding, fabrication processes, and applications of ME composite material systems in the last four decades which has brought the technology closer to realization in practical devices. In this article, we present a review of ME composite materials and some notable potential applications based upon their properties. A brief summary is presented on the parameters that influence the performance of ME composites, their coupling structures, fabrications processes, characterization techniques, and perspectives on direct (magnetic to electric) and converse (electric to magnetic) ME devices. Overall, the research on ME composite systems has brought us closer to their deployment.
... Currently, thanks to new process technologies (new material deposition and elaboration methods) [16][17][18], we tend from bulk to thin films of different types of multiferroic artificial ME composites [2] as those represented in Fig. 1 by mixing some piezoelectric and magnetostrictives grains such as PZTNT/NCZF (type 3-2) [19] or PMN-PT/CoFe 2 O 4 (type 0-3) [20] or PVDF/PZT/Terfenol-D (type 0-0-3) [21]. Type For a given random spatial dissemination of the magnetostrictive particles into a piezoelectric matrix (type 0-3), the analytical methods previously implemented cannot be applied to these new materials. ...
This paper proposes an investigation of the magnetoelectric effect of multiferroic artificial ME composite combining a piezoelectric matrix medium incrusted of magnetostrictive particles. The modeling has been performed on a 0-3 type multiferroic artificial ME composite in using a multiphysic code based on the finite element method. The simulation results show the variability of the magnetoelectric coefficient when the random dissemination of the magnetostrictive particles is applied.
... This enables formation of films with materials of dissimilar melting temperatures [3][4][5]. There have been many material systems studied by AD for a wide variety of uses such as inductors [6], abrasion-resistant coatings [7], piezoelectrics [8], multiferroics [9], magnetoelectrics [10] thermistors [11] , thermoelectric films [12], flexible dielectrics [13], hard tissue implants and bioceramics [14], solid electrolytes [15], and photocatalysts [16]. The low-cost operation, high deposition rate, and simplicity of AD has spurred interest by researchers in Germany, France, Japan, Korea, and in the United States. ...
... Multiferroic materials have at least of two 'ferro' properties, simultaneously. The magnetoelectic (ME) materials, which have piezoelectric and magnetostrictive property at the same time, have much attention because of their various applications such as sensors, transducers, actuators and servomechanism [1,2]. However, there are no single-phase multiferroric materials at room temperature except BiFeO 3 (BFO). ...
Magnetoelectric (ME) effect in multiferroic or ferroelectric/ferromagnetic composite thin films occurs through the elastic coupling between the piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric and magnetostrictive properties of ferromagnetic component. To obtain high elastic coupling and ME effect, we introduced PZT [Pb(Zr0.52, Ti0.48)O3] as a ferroelectric materials and CuFO (CuFe2O4) as ferromagnetic materials because of their high piezoelectric coefficient and magnetostrictive properties among various metal-oxide materials. To evaluate ME effect, we prepared CuFO/Pt/PZT/Pt hybrid thin films directly on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate by using ion beam sputtering and spin-coating method. We investigated the microstructures and morphologies of hybrid thin films by XRD and SEM, the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behaviors of hybrid films were examined by measuring polarization and magnetization hysteresis loops vs. electric and magnetic field. Magnetoelectric coefficients were calculated by measured magnetoelectric voltages using magnetoelectric measurement system. In this research, we’ll discuss the relations between annealing temperatures and multiferroic properties.
... Through the ME effect, magnetization could be induced by an electric field or polarization by a magnetic field. This coupling phenomenon between magnetic and electronic and the potential applications to sensors, transducers, and energy harvester, etc. have attracted the great interest from many researchers worldwide [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. ME effect could be observed in the single phase materials including BiFeO 3 and YMnO 3 or composites of piezoelectric and magnestostrictive materials [2,3]. ...
... In ME composites, the magnitude of coupling is determined by the extent of the mutual elastic strain coupling occurring at the interface of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases. For the effective coupling, the ME composite films with different geometry were synthesized by several different methods such as pulsed laser deposition, chemical solution deposition and aerosol deposition (AD) method [5][6][7][8][9]. While most of the reported ME nanocomposite films were limited in overall thickness which might be related to difference in thermal mismatch between individual phases and substrate, it was reported that AD method was adequate in fabricating thick films (>10 mm) with highly dense microstructure [8,9]. ...
... For the effective coupling, the ME composite films with different geometry were synthesized by several different methods such as pulsed laser deposition, chemical solution deposition and aerosol deposition (AD) method [5][6][7][8][9]. While most of the reported ME nanocomposite films were limited in overall thickness which might be related to difference in thermal mismatch between individual phases and substrate, it was reported that AD method was adequate in fabricating thick films (>10 mm) with highly dense microstructure [8,9]. In addition, AD has an advantage on controlling the microstructures and complex connectivity [10], which are related with ME coupling. ...
Highly dense magnetoelectric composite films with 10μm-thick of high piezoelectric voltage coefficient material, 0.9Pb(Zr57Ti43)O3–0.1Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZT–PMnN) and magnetostrictive material, Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 (NZF), were fabricated on a platinized Si substrate using aerosol deposition (AD). With increasing magnetic NZF content, dielectric and ferroelectric properties were gradually decreased while magnetizations were improved. The 20% NZF added composite thick film were found to exhibit the maximum ME coefficient. This optimal NZF content is the same as that of bulk ME composite materials. It is noticeable that AD can control the content ratio of ME composite films by controlling the powder composition. The fabricated ME composite films have high ME voltage coefficient coupling because of high density without severe inter-reactions of two phases.
... However, due to the difference in the thermal mismatch between the films and substrates, as well as the slow deposition rate, it is not easy to achieve ME films with a considerable thickness. 13,14 Herein, we make use of a noble thick film process, the socalled aerosol deposition (AD), to fabricate sound ceramic thick films with high deposition rates (>1 lm/min), high density, cost-effectiveness and composition control for 2-2 structured ME thick films. Furthermore, the AD films typically have a very high adhesion strength of over 30 MPa due to their anchoring nature, which is ideal for achieving a high performance 2-2 laminate structure. ...
... Furthermore, the AD films typically have a very high adhesion strength of over 30 MPa due to their anchoring nature, which is ideal for achieving a high performance 2-2 laminate structure. 13,14 Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 -based piezoelectric thick films with a thickness of~20 lm were deposited on the sintered CFO magnetostrictive ceramics and their dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties at room temperature were investigated in this work. ...
Using aerosol deposition, 2‐2 layered structured magnetoelectric (ME) composites were fabricated. Almost fully dense, polycrystalline Pb(Zr,Ti)O3‐based piezoelectric thick films with thickness of over 20 μm were fabricated on the sintered CoFe2O4 (CFO) magnetostrictive ceramics. Although the sintered CFO ceramics were not fully dense, the aerosol deposited piezoelectric films showed good adhesion and there were no noticeable cracks. The piezoelectric films thus obtained showed not only dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties, but also superior ME characteristics with a voltage coefficient of over 130 mV/cm·Oe, especially the PZT–PZN films.
... The maximum ME coefficient was measured to be 150 mV/cmOe. This magnitude is about 3 times higher than the previously reported nanocomposite films by other thin film processes, [75]. ...
... As aforementioned, AD has an advantage on controlling the microstructures and complex connectivity, [75,88], which are related with ME coupling. They pursued the synthesis of 3-2 ME nanocomposite films with different piezoelectric/magnetostrictive phase ratio by using the same method [72]. ...
... Schematic illustration of (a) ME composite film fabrication and (b) microstructure of nanocomposite ME films by AD,[75]. Microstructural analysis of 3-2 nanocomposite thick films by AD cross-sectional SEM image of (a) as-deposited and (b) annealed film. ...
Here we review the current status of magnetoelectric (ME) multiferroics and ME composite thin/thick films. The magnitude of ME coupling in the composite systems is dependent upon the elastic coupling occurring at the interface of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases. The multiferroic ME films in comparison with bulk ME composites have some unique advantages and show higher magnitude of ME response. In ME composite films, thickness of the films is one of the important factors to have enough signal. However, most of all reported ME nanocomposite structured films in literature are limited in overall thickness which might be related to interface strain resulting from difference in thermal expansion mismatch between individual phases and the substrate. We introduced noble ME composite film fabrication technique, aerosol deposition (AD) to overcome these problems. The success in AD fabrication and characterization of ME composite films with various microstructure such as 3-2, 2-2 connectivity are discussed.
... Magnetoelectric (ME) materials have recently attracted increasing attention because of their potential applications in spintronics, new types of transducer, actuators, and memory devices. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The ME property is a product coupling effect of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials and it is generally obtained in composite structures. In composites, the magnitude of the ME coupling is dependent upon the elastic coupling occurring at the interface between the ferroelectric-ferroelastic (piezoelectric) and ferromagneticferroelastic (magnetostrictive) phases. ...
... Among the various kinds of functional ME materials, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] 3-0 composites, which are composed of continuous ''3'' piezoelectric phase and particulate ''0'' magnetostrictive phase, have been widely studied owing to their simple structure and easy processing. 5,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The thermodynamic analysis of 3-0 ME composites has demonstrated that maximum coupling between the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases is achievable with a uniform distribution of the magnetostrictive phase within a piezoelectric matrix. ...
The effects of magnetostrictive particle distribution on magnetoelectric
(ME) properties were investigated in a 3--0 ME composite made of
piezoelectric
[0.9Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3--0.1Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3
+ 0.005Mn; PZT--PZN] and 20 wt % magnetostrictive
(Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4; NZF)
materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy (EDS) results showed that PZT--PZN and NZF did not react
with each other and coexisted without severe inter-diffusion. The larger
interface area due to the smaller particle size offered greater
Fe3+ diffusion into the piezoelectric PZT--PZN, which
increased the piezoelectric mechanical quality factor of the 3--0
composite. In addition, the ME property (dE/dH) was also enhanced by the
smaller NZF particle size, and this enhancement was attributed to the
magnetically induced, homogeneous stress field exerted by NZF onto
PZT--PZN.
