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In the present study, comments are proposed on historical aspects of the most conspicuous scorpion species of the genus Tityus found in Brazil. Both Tityus bahiensis (Perty) and Tityus serrulatus Lutz & Mello are better known for their infamous reputation of noxious species. However, the original discovery and description of both species are associ...
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... Podemos considerar como uma espécie que está realizando uma invasão biológica em outros biomas, pulando barreiras físicas, promovida pelo homem (RIBEIRO; CAMPOS-FARINHA, 2005). Lourenço (2015) considera como uma espécie bastante oportunista que tem a sua dispersão associada à colonização de áreas pela população humana. ...
... The species that exist in Brazil are divided into four families. Three of them are harmless or cause stings that cause milder effects: Bothriuridae, small scorpions that live in the South, Southeast, Central-West, and Northeast; Chactidae, which are dark and of varying size, common in the Amazon; and Hormuridae, which comprises large, dark scorpions, which live in some regions of the Midwest and the Amazon and rarely cause accidents ( Figure 1) [11][12][13][14]. ...
They do not have a popular name, at least among non-native people. They are occasionally referred to as crickets, although they are not Grylloidea, but Stenopelmatoidea. Easily identifiable by the convex body in lateral view, shiny, glabrous integument, and with both apterous sexes. The anterior thigh has a lobe with spines. During the day they remain hidden under logs or stones, leaf litter, or in burrows dug by themselves. Buthidae are found throughout Brazil and makeup around 60% of national species. This family includes the genus Tityus Koch, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae), the most dangerous. The species that exist in Brazil are divided into four families. This note reports for the first time the genus Lutosa Walker, 1869 in the Central-West Region, State of Goiás, Brazil, and the first report of the entire process of locust predation in the world.
... Tityus serrulatus, commonly measuring between 7-9 centimeters (approximately 2.75-3.5 inches) in length, is characterized by its brown to dark brown color. The species name "serrulatus" is derived from the Portuguese term "serrilha", which refers to the serrated feature in its tail, indicated by a red circle in the image, setting it apart as a distinctive anatomical hallmark [21]. ...
Tityus serrulatus scorpion is responsible for a significant number of envenomings in Brazil, ranging from mild to severe, and in some cases, leading to fatalities. While supportive care is the primary treatment modality, moderate and severe cases require antivenom administration despite potential limitations and adverse effects. The remarkable proliferation of T. serrulatus scorpions, attributed to their biology and asexual reproduction, contributes to a high incidence of envenomation. T. serrulatus scorpion venom predominantly consists of short proteins acting as neurotoxins (α and β), that primarily target ion channels. Nevertheless, high molecular weight compounds, including metalloproteases, serine proteases, phospholipases, and hyaluronidases, are also present in the venom. These compounds play a crucial role in envenomation, influencing the severity of symptoms and the spread of venom. This review endeavors to comprehensively understand the T. serrulatus scorpion venom by elucidating the primary high molecular weight compounds and exploring their potential contributions to envenomation. Understanding these compounds' mechanisms of action can aid in developing more effective treatments and prevention strategies, ultimately mitigating the impact of scorpion envenomation on public health in Brazil.
... Los escorpiones se distinguen comúnmente por la composición de su veneno, las complicaciones pueden ser graves y posiblemente produzcan una falla orgánica multisistémica e incluso la muerte 1,3 . El grupo etario con mayor mortalidad son los niños 3,5 .Varias especies son las causas de envenenamiento, entre ellas: el género Centruroides en América del Norte y género Tityus en América del Sur 6,7 .Este último, fue bastante estudiado en Sudamérica, principalmente en Brasil [8][9][10] . En Bolivia, fue descrita la especie Tityus (Tityus) sorataensis (Sorata) por Kraepelin 11 . ...
Objetivo:
describir las especies de escorpiones, propiedades del veneno, fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y su manejo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.
Metodología:
se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed-MedLine, Google Académico, así como en los servicios ClinicalKeys, se extrajo la información relevante, se seleccionaron aquellos estudios de tipo serie de casos, artículos originales o revisiones narrativas, de alcance y sistemáticas.
Desarrollo:
en Bolivia, fue descrita la especie Tityus (Tityus) sorataensis. El 66 al 90 por ciento de las picaduras tienen signos y síntomas limitados a dolor local, parestesias y cambios en la piel. Los efectos sistémicos se hacen evidentes a los 30 minutos y por lo general, dentro de las cuatro horas posteriores a la picadura. El tratamiento puede ser empírico, aplicar medidas generales, manejo del dolor y si está presente algunas complicaciones como edema pulmonar, choque cardiogénico es necesario su manejo en una sala de cuidados intensivos.
Conclusiones:
la intoxicación por picadura de escorpión, es rara, es un reto terapéutico, parece ser recomendable la administración del antídoto (antiveneno) junto al tratamiento de sostén. un mejor conocimiento de los escorpiones, puede alentar el interés en realizar nuevas investigaciones.
... Los escorpiones se distinguen comúnmente por la composición de su veneno, las complicaciones pueden ser graves y posiblemente produzcan una falla orgánica multisistémica e incluso la muerte 1,3 . El grupo etario con mayor mortalidad son los niños 3,5 .Varias especies son las causas de envenenamiento, entre ellas: el género Centruroides en América del Norte y género Tityus en América del Sur 6,7 .Este último, fue bastante estudiado en Sudamérica, principalmente en Brasil [8][9][10] . En Bolivia, fue descrita la especie Tityus (Tityus) sorataensis (Sorata) por Kraepelin 11 . ...
Las picaduras son frecuentes y se consideran un verdadero problema de salud pública. Objetivo: describir las especies de escorpiones, propiedades del veneno, fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y su manejo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed-MedLine, Google Académico, así como en los servicios ClinicalKeys, se extrajo la información relevante, se seleccionaron aquellos estudios de tipo serie de casos, artículos originales o revisiones narrativas, de alcance y sistemáticas. Desarrollo: en Bolivia, fue descrita la especie Tityus (Tityus) sorataensis. El 66 al 90 por ciento de las picaduras tienen signos y síntomas limitados a dolor local, parestesias y cambios en la piel. Los efectos sistémicos se hacen evidentes a los 30 minutos y por lo general, dentro de las cuatro horas posteriores a la picadura. El tratamiento puede ser empírico, aplicar medidas generales, manejo del dolor y si está presente algunas complicaciones como edema pulmonar, choque cardiogénico es necesario su manejo en una sala de cuidados intensivos. Conclusiones: la intoxicación por picadura de escorpión, es rara, es un reto terapéutico, parece ser recomendable la administración del antídoto (antiveneno) junto al tratamiento de sostén. un mejor conocimiento de los escorpiones, puede alentar el interés en realizar nuevas investigaciones.
... Como todos los escorpiones, las principales especies de interés médico son excelentes predadores, resistentes a temperaturas extremas y a la privación prolongada de alimento y agua 6,16 . Además, las tres principales especies de interés médico son partenogenéticas (los embriones pueden desarrollarse a partir de óvulos no fecundados, sin que sea necesaria la participación de un macho para reproducirse) y viven en ambientes antropizados (domicilio o perodomicilio) 14,17,18 . Todas estas características hacen que los animales en cuestión sean muy buenos colonizadores, lo que explicaría en A: Tityus bahiensis. ...
... Tityus bahiensis (Perty, 1833) (escorpión marrón): Es una especie de Tityus robusta, de amplia distribución en Misiones. Alcanza además el norte de Corrientes, este del Chaco y este de Santa Fe, con registros en Entre Ríos y Buenos Aires, y está presente en Paraguay y Brasil; en este último país es una de las cuatro especies de interés sanitario asociada a óbitos 13,14 . Es una de las cuatro especies de Argentina consideradas de interés médico 2,20 , pero en Misiones los accidentes suelen ser leves 2,8 . ...
... Tiene hábitos domiciliarios, peridomiciliarios (Puerto Iguazú) y silvestres (Parque Nacional Iguazú Tityus serrulatus (Lutz y Mello, 1922) (escorpión amarillo brasileño): Se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en Brasil, asociado a los centros urbanos y en constante expansión, tal como ocurre con T. trivittatus en Argentina. Es la principal especie de interés sanitario brasileña 14 . En 2000 se comunicó el primer registro de la especie en el país, en la ciudad de Corrientes 21 . ...
RESUMEN. INTRODUCCIÓN: Los envenenamientos producidos por escorpiones son un problema de salud pública en constante aumento en Argentina y el mundo. Por diversas causas, los ensambles de animales venenosos de una región varían en el tiempo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar la información reciente y actualizar el elenco de escorpiones de la provincia de Misiones. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional a partir de la revisión de los ejemplares depositados en la Colección de Herpetología y Arácnidos del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron los primeros registros para la provincia de Tityus confluens, mientras que nuevos registros de accidentes con Tityus trivittatus ampliaron la zona de presencia de la especie en la provincia. El ensamble de escorpiones de Misiones reúne a las cuatro especies de interés médico del país. DISCUSIÓN: La detección del elenco de escorpiones de interés médico más importante del país fue consecuencia del trabajo conjunto entre los especialistas de los distintos grupos de animales ponzoñosos y los profesionales de la salud. Es importante generar y profundizar los espacios de interacción de saberes, con el objetivo de mejorar la Vigilancia de la Salud. ABSTRACT. INTRODUCTION: Scorpion poisoning is a growing public health problem in Argentina and around the world. For various reasons, the poisonous animal assemblages in a region vary over time. The aim of this work was to present recent information and update the assemblage of scorpions in the province of Misiones. METHODS: An observational descriptive study was carried out by reviewing the specimens deposited in the Collection of Herpetology and Arachnids of the National Institute of Tropical Medicine. RESULTS: The first records of Tityus confluens were obtained for the province, while new records of accidents with Tityus trivittatus extended the area of presence of the species in the province. The scorpion assemblage of Misiones gathers all the four species of medical interest in the country. DISCUSSION: The detection of the most important assemblage of scorpions of medical interest in the country arose from the joint work between specialists in the different groups of poisonous animals and health professionals. It is important to generate and deepen the spaces of knowledge interaction, with the objective of improving Health Surveillance.
... My cooperation with the JVATiTD started with its first volume produced in 1995 [1] and continued in the following years. All the proposed contributions and, in particular, the reviews were globally addressed to non-specialists whose research embraces scorpions in several fields, such as venom toxins and public health [1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Most of the information previously supplied concerned historical aspects of scorpion studies but also several questions about their taxonomy, evolution, and geographic distribution [1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. ...
... All the proposed contributions and, in particular, the reviews were globally addressed to non-specialists whose research embraces scorpions in several fields, such as venom toxins and public health [1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Most of the information previously supplied concerned historical aspects of scorpion studies but also several questions about their taxonomy, evolution, and geographic distribution [1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. This present review aims to synthesize our knowledge about fossil scorpions trapped in amber-fossilized resin. ...
... In previous publications [7,8,9] I drew attention to the evolutionary history of scorpions and the possible evolution of their venomous apparatus. It is widely accepted that scorpions originated as aquatic organisms. ...
Abstract This synoptic review aims to bring some general information on fossil scorpions, namely those trapped in amber - fossilized resin - ranging from Lower Cretaceous through the Palaeocene and up to the Miocene. The question to be addressed is how the study of these fossils can be connected with possible present scorpionism problems. A precise knowledge of these ancient lineages provides information about the evolution of extant lineages, including the buthoids, which contain most known noxious species. Among the Arthropods found trapped in amber, scorpions are considered rare. A limited number of elements have been described from the Late Tertiary Dominican and Mexican amber, while the most ancient Tertiary amber from the Baltic region produced more consistent results in the last 30 years, primarily focusing on a single limited lineage. Contrarily, the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, also called Burmite, has yielded and continues to yield a significant number of results represented by several distinct lineages, which attest to the considerable degree of diversity that existed in the Burmese amber-producing forests. As in my previous similar contributions to this journal, the content of this note is primarily addressed to non-specialists whose research embraces scorpions in various fields such as venom toxins and public health. An overview knowledge of at least some fossil lineages can eventually help to clarify why some extant elements associated with the buthoids represent dangerous species while others are not noxious.
... More than 2000 species of scorpions are described worldwide, being scorpions of medical importance belonging to the Buthidae family (Laustsen et al. 2016). Tityus scorpions are the most conspicuous genus of this family, with nearly 220 species (Lourenço 2015). In Brazil, about 160 scorpion species were described, however, only T. serrulatus, T. bahiensis, T. stigmurus, and T. obscurus are considered medically relevant to date. ...
Abstract Brazil is located between the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn, which allows diverse climates, reliefs, and habitats for arthropods, which sting represents a risk to human health and a public health issue. This manuscript updates the epidemiological data of cases of human envenoming by spiders, scorpions, and insects with medical relevance in Brazil from 2010 to 2021. Epidemiological data were taken using the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System. Statistics of non-parametric data used the Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Nemenyi test. On average, more than 145,000 envenomation and 145 deaths are recorded annually, and more than 60% of deaths are caused by scorpion bites. When the number of deaths was pondered by the number of cases with each arthropod, bees kill the most. Most stings cause mild symptoms and affect men of working age. The incidence decreases during the colder months, which is better noticeable in regions with well-defined seasons. The distribution is distinct among the regions: Southeast, Northeast, and South have the highest rate of bites. The growing number of cases of envenomation reported annually is a serious public health concern, especially involving scorpions, and highlights the importance of studying arthropod venom and improving the therapies.
... New scorpion populations associated with increases in the human population in the southeastern, southern, and central regions of Brazil have also been generated. 6 This species exhibits successful asexual reproductive strategies for colonization and proliferation in urban areas, and these factors have decisively increased the rates of scorpionism in the state of São Paulo. In recent years, an increased risk of scorpion sting envenomation has been established in the São Paulo metropolitan area and the northeastern region of the state. ...
... 7,8 T serrulatus has competed, with higher colonization and dispersal efficiency than Tityus bahiensis (a native sexual species from the same geographic region). 6 T serrulatus can also be unintentionally introduced to remote and unoccupied territories by human transport, thereby expanding its range. Because of the high prolificacy of the parthenogenetic reproduction strategy of these scorpions, dense populations of these animals can be rapidly established in new localities. ...
Introduction: In Brazil, scorpion stings are recorded in high numbers with an increasing epidemiological situation in most municipalities. In the present study, data between 1998 and 2018 in Americana, São Paulo, were analyzed.
Methods: In total, 4122 records on scorpion stings were georeferenced using a Garmin eTREX 30X global positioning system device, with WGS84 datum projection and Universal Transverse Mercator zone 23S. Multiple Poisson regression was used to explore the relationship between the incidence rates of stings and urban planning areas (UPAs). Eight quantitative variables were used to establish the environmental and anthropic characterization of UPAs associated or not associated with scorpionism. A spatial analysis was performed for geoprocessing maps of Americana using spatial statistics tools (optimized hotspot analysis and kernel density function) from cartographic clusters in the ArcMap software, version 10.5.
Results: The optimized hotspot analysis tool identified spatial clusters with high values of the incidence of scorpion stings in the surroundings of all UPAs in the municipality. The estimation of the kernel function of event intensity showed a wide distribution of stings across the area of the entire municipal territory, with UPA-02 and UPA-06 exhibiting the highest occurrence of scorpion stings. Six significant hotspots were established as highest-event-density areas (with occurrences of 160–270) and were contiguous to 4 environmental protection areas, located in more peripheral regions, and to 2 municipal cemeteries, which were located in urban central areas.
Conclusions: This analysis showed that the risk of scorpion stings in different Americana’s UPAs has increased occurrence and incidence intensity.
... Los escorpiones son artrópodos ampliamente distribuidos en las zonas tropicales, subtropicales y desérticas del mundo. En las últimas décadas su proliferación en ambientes urbanos e intra-domiciliarios, algunos ejemplos de esto ocurrieron en Brasil y Argentina [1][2][3][4] . Respecto a la colonización de ambientes urbanos, no se tiene información para Bolivia. ...
... La familia Buthidae se encuentra distribuida por todo el mundo a excepción de Nueva Zelanda y los polos. Esta familia presenta 80 géneros y 972 especies descritas 2,4,8,9 . Uno de los géneros más importantes de Buthidae, es el género Tityus C. L. Koch 1836, que presenta 204 especies 10 distribuidas en Centro y Sudamérica, teniendo mayor riqueza y diversidad en ésta última. ...
The scorpions of the genus Tityus are a group widely distributed throughout the world, having greater richness and diversity in South America, they are of medical importance in the region, however they have been little studied in Bolivia. A review of the specimens of the Immunoglobulin Production Laboratory of INLASA was carried out, using different dichotomous keys of the genus from Latin America, as well as the study of the original descriptions of some species described for Bolivia. An updated list of Tityus species from Bolivia is presented, 9 species are mentioned with their respective localities: T argentinus (Villa Tunari and Chapare in Cochabamba, Buena Vista and Campeche in Santa Cruz and in the Chaco of Chuquisaca), T. birabeni (Villa Tunari, Cochabamba), T. bolivianus (Tipuani, La Paz), T. confluens (Villa Montes, Tarija), T. horacioi (San Mateo, Cochabamba), T. kaderkai (Rurrenabaque and San Joaquín, Beni), T. proseni (Locotal, Cochabamba), T. sorataensis (Sorata, Cheje and Quime, La Paz) and the presence of T. metuendus is confirmed for Bolivia in the department of Pando. Thus, the number of Tityus species for the Bolivian territory was updated, as well as the distribution of T. metuendus.
