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Color comparison in the typical morph of Mesobuthus thersites: a normal adult female vs. an orange juvenile (above); the same normal adult female vs. a variegated adult female (below).

Color comparison in the typical morph of Mesobuthus thersites: a normal adult female vs. an orange juvenile (above); the same normal adult female vs. a variegated adult female (below).

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Figure 1. Map showing known distribution of the parvorder Buthida in...
Figure 2. Map showing known distribution of the parvorder Iurida in...
Figure 3. Map showing known localities of some Olivierus from China and...
Figure 6. Color variation in Olivierus sp. (cf. longichelus).
+5 Figure 7. Subadult and adult comparison of Olivierus sp. (cf....
Scorpions of China: an updated checklist with comments on some taxonomic issues (Arachnida: Scorpiones)
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  • Jun 2022
An updated checklist of scorpions of China (52 species belonging to 13 genera and six families) is provided, with Chinese name equivalents and an illustrated map of all localities. Colored photos of the Chinese population of π‘€π‘’π‘ π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘ π‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘  (C. L. Koch, 1839) and one π‘‚π‘™π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  sp. in vivo habitus are provided for the first time. The recent tax...
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... The Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet) has been well prospected over the years (Gervais, 1843;Pocock, 1890Pocock, , 1893Pocock, , 1899Pocock, , 1900Hirst, 1911;Kraepelin, 1913;Bastawade, 2006;Kovařík, 2000Kovařík, , 2005Kovařík, , 2012Kovařík, , 2020Lourenço et al., 2005;Qi et al., 2005;Lourenço & Qi, 2006;Di & Zhu, 2009, 2010Zu et al., 2008;Di et al., 2013;Yin et al., 2015;Di & Qiao, 2020) and it currently comprises 29 species belonging to six genera and six families (Di et al., 2013;Tang, 2022). This region shows the highest level of scorpion diversity in China (about two thirds of the total scorpion fauna of the country) and some of its species are among the highestelevation scorpion species in the World. ...
... n. (Fig. 1-7 Etymology. The specific name honours our friend and eminent arachnologist Mr. AndrΓ© Leetz (Walheim, France, 1951-2022. ...
A new high-elevation species of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908 Linnaeus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Tibet, China
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  • Mar 2024
A new species belonging to the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908 (family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837) is described on the basis of one adult female specimen collected in Wāgya La, Kangmar County, Tibet (Xizang), China. Hottentotta leetzi sp. n. was collected at an elevation of 4920 m, representing to our knowledge the highest elevation record for a scorpion species in Asia, and maybe in the World. This new scorpion taxon represents the 61 st described species among the currently recognized species for the genus Hottentotta and the second reported from China. It is the 30 th scorpion species reported from Tibet.
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... The date for the name "Scorpiops jendeki" is hereby corrected as "1994" rather than "2000" (erroneously followed Di et al. (2013) as " KovaΕ™Γ­k, 2000" in Tang (2022a2022b: 5, 14, 21;2022c: 21)). The type series of S. jendeki included only six females when it was described as a subspecies of S. hardwickii (KovaΕ™Γ­k, 1994: 62-66; incorrectly spelled as S. hardwickei), although in KovaΕ™Γ­k et al. (2020: figs. ...
Description of the adult male π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  π‘‘π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘‘π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘– Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)
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  • Sep 2023
Adult male π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  π‘‘π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘‘π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘– Tang, 2022 is described based on recently collected specimens, which revealed a strong sexual dimorphism in the pedipalp finger lobe of this species (present in males, absent in females), lending more support to the separation from its geographic neighbors, 𝑆. π‘—π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘˜π‘– KovaΕ™Γ­k, 1994, 𝑆. π‘ β„Žπ‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘› (Qi et al., 2005), 𝑆. π‘§β„Žπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘ β„Žπ‘’π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘›π‘– Ythier, 2019, and 𝑆. π‘π‘’π‘π‘π‘Žπ‘™π‘œπ‘›π‘–π‘Žπ‘’ (KovaΕ™Γ­k, 2005). The morphological studies of Chinese π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  are further discussed. A refined mensurational method of π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  pedipalp chela is proposed. Morphological comparisons of both quantitative and qualitative characters for all π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  from Yunnan are provided, along with a dichotomous key to those species.
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... n. Within the Chinese scorpion fauna, the new species also represents the 13 th species of Buthidae, and the 22 nd species of parvorder Buthida (Tang, 2022b), if one were to ignore an isolated record of L. scutilus C. L. Koch, 1845 that was never confirmed again. KovaΕ™Γ­k (2019) conducted a taxonomic reassessment of the genus Lychas C. L. Koch, 1845 and established three new genera (Afrolychas, Janalychas, Spelaeolychas) based on the length of tibial spur on legs III and IV; the presence/absence of external accessory denticles on the pedipalp movable finger along the sixth row of denticles; the density of ventral setation of tarsomeres II of the legs; and the morphosculpture of the telson (presence or absence of granulation and lateral furrow). ...
... Previously, the two most widespread species of Lychas, L. mucronatus (Fabricius, 1798) and L. scutilus, have been recorded in China and considered as the only two species of this genus in this country (Tang, 2020b). The former species is abundantly found in the provinces of Yunnan and Hainan, as well as in some parts of Guangxi, Guangzhou and Fujian Provinces (Tang, 2022b; probably in Taiwan as well, based on recent local observations); however, it is important to reiterate that the latter was only recorded in Shanghai once, based on a single female specimen collected in 1878 and was subsequently assumed to be extinct (Fet et al., 2000;KovaΕ™Γ­k & Whitman, 2005). In the present study, a new species that has been so far found only in China is described based on recently collected specimens from the southeastern region of Xizang. ...
... In the present study, a new species that has been so far found only in China is described based on recently collected specimens from the southeastern region of Xizang. The new species is associated with some species of the "(Ananteris + Isometrus)" clade (Ε tundlovΓ‘ et al., 2022) in terms of its general morphological characters; Tang (2022b) mentioned this species based on several photographs and considered it to be the only endemic Lychas species of China (based on the presence of tibial spurs). However, after examination of the specimens, the new species keyed out as Afrolychas under the criteria of combinations of the four binary morphological characters defined by KovaΕ™Γ­k (2019): no EADs were found along the sixth row of MDs of pedipalp movable finger. ...
A new monotypic genus and species from China, πΏπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘₯𝑖𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑑𝑖 𝐠𝐞𝐧. 𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐩. 𝐧. (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
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  • Apr 2023
A new monotypic genus, πΏπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘₯𝑖𝑒 𝐠𝐞𝐧. 𝐧., is described from Xizang (Tibet), China. The new genus shares an important morphological character with π΄π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘™π‘¦π‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘  KovaΕ™Γ­k, 2019: absence of external accessory denticles (EADs) along the sixth row of median denticles (MDs) on the pedipalp movable finger. πΏπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘₯𝑖𝑒 𝐠𝐞𝐧. 𝐧. is different from π΄π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘™π‘¦π‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘  in the following aspects: loss of EAD near the proximally enlarged MD within each row (i. e., loss of all EAD on the movable finger; this also distinguishes the new genus from other related genera in the β€œ(π΄π‘›π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘  + πΌπ‘ π‘œπ‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ )” clade (Ε tundlovΓ‘ et al., 2022)), subaculear tubercle armed with or without a secondary tubercle dorsally, immaculate color pattern, more slender appendages and metasoma, and less sexually dimorphic pectines. πΏπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘₯𝑖𝑒 𝐠𝐞𝐧. 𝐧. further differs from another geographically close genus, π»π‘–π‘šπ‘Žπ‘™π‘Žπ‘¦π‘œπ‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘¦π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘  LourenΓ§o, 1997, by the presence of highly developed pectinal fulcra (vs. absent in π»π‘–π‘šπ‘Žπ‘™π‘Žπ‘¦π‘œπ‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘¦π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘ ), six rows of MDs on the pedipalp movable finger (vs. 7–8 in π»π‘–π‘šπ‘Žπ‘™π‘Žπ‘¦π‘œπ‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘¦π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘ ) and five pairs of lateral ocelli (vs. 3 in π»π‘–π‘šπ‘Žπ‘™π‘Žπ‘¦π‘œπ‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘¦π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘ ). The new species, πΏπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘₯𝑖𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑑𝑖 𝐬𝐩. 𝐧., is small and slender, exhibiting no obvious sexual dimorphism in pedipalp and metasoma, but the sexes are visibly different in the relative size of median ocelli and coarseness of carapacial granulation. Lattice microstructures are prominently developed on its cuticle.
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... The vast land area of Yunnan with complex landforms includes various terrestrial ecosystems and climate zones, which provide favorable habitats for different species with specific preference, thus featuring it as an enormous biodiversity hotspot. Yunnan is also one of three provinces that exhibit the highest scorpion diversity in China (11 species of 3 genera; the other two provinces are Xizang (29 species of 6 genera) and Xinjiang (7 species of 4 genera); see the checklist in Tang (2022c) and Lv & Di (2022)). A relict scorpion family, Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998, has also been confirmed from this province with a monotypic genus, Qianxie Tang, 2022. ...
... iops and Scorpiops s. str., to be polyphyletic. Prior to that, both Scorpiops and Euscorpiops have been recorded in China. Several species in China were also synonymized (Kovařík et al., 2020): Euscorpiops karschi Lourenço et al., 2005 with Scorpiops novaki (Kovařík, 2005), and Scorpiops pococki Zhu et al., 2005 with Scorpiops tibetanus Hirst, 1911. Tang (2022c retained another two synonyms that were proposed by Kovařík et al. (2020) (Scorpiops atomatus Qi, Zhu & Lourenço, 2005 (syn. with S. tibetanus) and Scorpiops validus (Di et al., 2010) (syn. with S. vachoni)) based on a logical deduction but did not formally restore them from synonymy. ...
... unidentified species encountered by the local people were reported from Chongqing Province (the relationship between this species and the one from Hubei is unclear); the species of this genus in the central region await further investigation. In Xizang Province, the Scorpiops species are essentially concentrated in the south, while in Yunnan Province, they are distributed along the national border in the southwest (see the map in Tang (2022c) and Lv & Di (2022)). Previously, nine species have been recorded from Yunnan; eight of them are endemic to China (the type locality of S. kubani (KovaΕ™Γ­k, 2004) is in Laos). ...
A new species of π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  Peters, 1861 from Yunnan Province, China, with a preliminary review of its congeners in Yunnan (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)
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Full-text available
  • Oct 2022
A new species of π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  Peters, 1861, π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  π‘‘π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘‘π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘– 𝐬𝐩. 𝐧., is described from Yingjiang, Yunnan Province, China, based on a single adult female. The morphology of the new species is fairly distinguishable from other congeners in Yunnan even with unaided eye; it is characterized by the following combination of characters in female: a pair of moderately robust pedipalp chelae without proximal lobes, small median ocular tubercle, short superciliary carinae, less granulated tergites, proportionally elongate metasoma and relatively short and bulbous vesicle. The coloration of the new species also differs from other congeners in Yunnan by being brownish in tergites and telson vesicle. The number of known species of π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  from China is raised to 29 (22 endemic) and that of Yunnan is raised to 10 (9 endemic). The previously described congeners from Yunnan are also revisited, by complementing some missing data of several species, and providing new comparative data for the following species based on recently collected topotypes: 𝑆. π‘π‘’π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘ π‘–π‘  (Di et al., 2010), 𝑆. π‘ β„Žπ‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘› (Qi et al., 2005), 𝑆. π‘£π‘Žπ‘β„Žπ‘œπ‘›π‘– (Qi et al., 2005), 𝑆. π‘£π‘Žπ‘™π‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘  (Di et al., 2010), and 𝑆. π‘§β„Žπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘ β„Žπ‘’π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘›π‘– (Ythier, 2019), as well as the Yunnan population of 𝑆. π‘˜π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘– (KovaΕ™Γ­k, 2004). Finally, π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  π‘£π‘Žπ‘™π‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘  (Di et al., 2010) 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭. 𝐫𝐞𝐯. is restored from its synonymy with 𝑆. π‘£π‘Žπ‘β„Žπ‘œπ‘›π‘– (Qi et al., 2005).
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Revision of the genus π‘‚π‘™π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  in Xinjiang, China, with comments on π‘€π‘’π‘ π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘ π‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘  (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
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Full-text available
  • Feb 2024
The genus π‘‚π‘™π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  Farzanpay, 1987 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, is revised based on recently collected topotypes and other populations from 12 localities. Brief differential diagnoses are provided, with colored illustrations and photos in vivo habitus, emphasizing the key characters. Chinese appellations, conservation status, and documentation of behavior and post-envenomation symptoms are also included. Only two species are now recognized for this genus in Xinjiang: 𝑂. π‘™π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘–π‘β„Žπ‘’π‘™π‘’π‘  (Sun & Zhu, 2010) and 𝑂. π‘π‘Ÿπ‘§π‘’π‘€π‘Žπ‘™π‘ π‘˜π‘–π‘– (Birula, 1897), based on both morphological and molecular evidence. The two species exhibit extensive distribution in Xinjiang (China) while also occurring in adjacent countries. Three new synonyms are proposed: π‘€π‘’π‘ π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘  π‘π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘›π‘ π‘–π‘  Sun et al., 2010 = π‘‚π‘™π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  π‘™π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘–π‘β„Žπ‘’π‘™π‘’π‘  (Sun & Zhu, 2010), 𝐬𝐲𝐧. 𝐧.; π‘€π‘’π‘ π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘  π‘˜π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ β„Žπ‘–π‘’π‘  Sun & Sun, 2011 = π‘‚π‘™π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  π‘™π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘–π‘β„Žπ‘’π‘™π‘’π‘  (Sun & Zhu, 2010), 𝐬𝐲𝐧. 𝐧.; π‘‚π‘™π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  π‘‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘π‘Žπ‘’π‘£π‘– Fet et al., 2021 = π‘‚π‘™π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  π‘™π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘–π‘β„Žπ‘’π‘™π‘’π‘  (Sun & Zhu, 2010), 𝐬𝐲𝐧. 𝐧. Two species, π‘‚π‘™π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  𝑒π‘₯π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘šπ‘’π‘  (Werner, 1936) and 𝑂. β„Žπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘Žπ‘›π‘’π‘›π‘ π‘–π‘  (Birula, 1904), are likely synonymous with 𝑂. π‘šπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘ π‘–π‘– (Karsch, 1879). Should future examination confirm this assumption, the total number of species in genus π‘‚π‘™π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  would be reduced to 16.
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Reanalysis of the Yunnan population of π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  π‘˜π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘– with a description of a new species, π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  π‘™π‘œπ‘€π‘’π‘– 𝐬𝐩. 𝐧. (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)
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Full-text available
  • Oct 2022
The Yunnan population of π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  π‘˜π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘– (KovaΕ™Γ­k, 2004) is reassessed based on recently collected specimens from this region. A misidentification of that species is revealed, which leads to a description of a new species, π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘–π‘œπ‘π‘  π‘™π‘œπ‘€π‘’π‘– 𝐬𝐩. 𝐧.
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