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Nanotechnology has gained considerable attention in the present century due to its peculiar properties make it as an effective candidate in multidisciplinary fields with numerous applications. Nanoparticles displays characteristic chemical and physical properties like stability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, optical properties and catal...
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... 2 ml of selected salt solutions of heavy metals like Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , HgCl 2 , CdSO 4 , NiSO 4 , and displays instant vanishing in color (Fig. 5) compared to the control for that of insidious heavy metal-mercury. The result is certainly noteworthy, since it pave ways to the development of biosensor for mercury without sophisticated instruments in liquid ...
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Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimal invasive neurosurgical technique for the treatment of brain tumors. Results of LITT have been reported in a case series of patients with deep seated and/or recurrent glioblastoma or cerebral metastases. With this review we aim to summarize the currently available evidence regarding...
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... It is to point out that red onion peel extract itself (the main bioactive agents are phenolic compounds) or in combination with silver nanoparticles provides inhibition properties against different bacteria as was shown by several authors: Streptococcus agalactiae (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative), Salmonella typhimurium (Gram-negative), and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) [63]. The antimicrobial compounds made of red onion peel have various mechanisms to inhibit bacteria: inhibition of phagocytosis in macrophages; increasing the production of Interleukin-12 (IL-12) by quercetin and thus increasing the phagocytic ability of macrophages; altering the membrane potential of bacterial cells and disrupting their performance; and binding to bacteria pili and inhibiting bacterial adhesion [64]. ...
Simple low-cost, nontoxic, environmentally friendly plant-extract-based polymer films play an important role in their application in medicine, the food industry, and agriculture. The addition of silver nanoparticles to the composition of these films enhances their antimicrobial capabilities and makes them suitable for the treatment and prevention of infections. In this study, polymer-based gels and films (AgRonPVA) containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced at room temperature from fresh red onion peel extract ("Ron"), silver nitrate, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Silver nanoparticles were synthesized directly in a polymer matrix, which was irradiated by UV light. The presence of nanoparticles was approved by analyzing characteristic local surface plasmon resonance peaks occurring in UV-Vis absorbance spectra of irradiated experimental samples. The proof of evidence was supported by the results of XRD and EDX measurements. The diffusion-based method was applied to investigate the antimicrobial activity of several types of microbes located in the environment of the produced samples. Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC BAA 747, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442; yeasts Candida parapsilosis CBS 8836 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028; and microscopic fungi assays Aspergillus flavus BTL G-33 and Aspergillus fumigatus BTL G-38 were used in this investigation. The greatest effect was observed on Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, defining these films as potential candidates for antimicrobial applications. The antimicrobial features of the films were less effective against fungi and the weakest against yeasts.
... In this study, the phyto/sonosynthesized Ag NPs using matcha tea extract demonstrated a relatively narrow peak at 420 nm, while CuO NPs exhibited a broad peak at 722 nm. In literature, characteristic spectra of Ag NPs have been observed between 400 and 500 nm in the phytosynthesis technique [31][32][33]. It is worth noting that the literature contains significantly different values in studies on the phytosynthesis of CuO NPs, which can be attributed to variations in the appearance of oxide bands in the spectrum due to different structures [34]. ...
... This plant was chosen for the experiment due to its proven medicinal benefits, and it is conveniently available everywhere in all seasons of the year [108]. Abhirami et al. (2020) presented an uncomplicated and inexpensive method for the green production of Ag nanoparticles utilizing onion peel extract, a common household waste, under normal pressure and temperature settings [109]. Nonetheless, silver nanoparticles in plants are largely explored since silver not only creates nanoparticles in plants but also has stronger catalytic characteristics due to its high electrochemical reduction potential and several other relevant qualities. ...
Heavy metal pollution is one of the major global issues arising from various anthropogenic activities. The natural habitat and human health may be at peril from heavy metal exposure since they are tenacious, bio-accumulative, and non-biodegradable. Therefore, eradicating heavy metals from the soil ecosystem is a crucial responsibility to create a secure, viable, and zero-waste ecosystem. There are numerous techniques for eliminating heavy metals from the environment, but each has its own benefits and drawbacks. When a biological agent is used to degrade pollutants, this process is called bioremediation. Nano-phytoremediation, an emerging bioremediation approach in the field of nanotechnology, uses biosynthesized nanoparticles and plant species for the removal of toxic heavy metals from the environment. It is an efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly technique. The adverse consequences of metal exposure on different plant species have been discovered to be greatly reduced by engineered nanomaterials. Because of their tiny dimensions and huge surface area, nanomaterials have an attraction towards metals and can thus quickly enter the contaminated zone of ecosystems that are metal-challenged. The current review provides an overview of various aspects of nano-phytoremediation for heavy metal remediation.
... The water extract showed moderate antimicrobial activity, while the other extracts exhibited comparable or slightly greater antimicrobial activity, with the 25% ethanol extract showing the largest zones of inhibition. Our results were better than that described by Sagar et al. [43] who examined the antibacterial activity of OS crude extracts obtained with ultrasound-assisted extraction using methanol and were comparable to other studies [44][45][46]. ...
Onion skins (OS) are a by-product of onion processing that causes both biological and environmental problems. Thus, OS could be used sustainably and as means of circular economy since they contain valuable bioactive compounds that can be used for the production of high-added-value products. This study aims to evaluate the potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of onion OS crude extracts. The extracts were prepared using different solvents (i.e., water, ethanol, and their mixtures) and evaluated for their total phenolic content and phytochemical composition, their antioxidant activity (using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and the hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay), anti-inflammatory properties, as well as for their antimicrobial (against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Yersinia enterocolitica) and anticancer (against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human glioblastoma cells (U-87 MG)) activity. The results revealed that the extracts contained a significant amount of phenolic compounds, ranging between 348.71 and 795.11 mg gallic acid equivalents per g of dry weight. The extracts showed promising cytotoxic effects (up to ~40%) against cancer cell lines, indicating their potential as a natural source of anticancer agents. Additionally, the extracts exhibited strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. The findings of this study suggest that OS crude extracts could be a promising candidate for developing natural functional foods and pharmaceuticals. They could be used as natural alternatives for the prevention and treatment of various diseases caused by oxidative stress, microbial infections, or cancer since they are a valuable source of bioactive compounds that can be used for various applications such as food preservation, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals.
... Under visible-light illumination and ambient temperature, Ag NPs are highly efficient in and accurate for degrading organic compounds and dyes (Ganapathy Selvam & Sivakumar, 2015). Furthermore, the plant-based synthesis of Ag NPs by using Allium giganteum flower extract (Taghavizadeh Yazdi et al., 2019) and Euphorbia geniculate leaf extract (Santhosh et al., 2019) have been reportedly used for the degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue organic dyes, respectively. The synthesis of Pd NPs by using Catharanthus roseus leaf extract for the degradation of phenol red dye was also reported in the literature (Kalaiselvi et al., 2015). ...
... Furthermore, as per the reported results, Au NPs synthesized by using tamarind leaf extract have potency in vapor detection (Ankamwar et al., 2005), while Ag NPs synthesized by using onion peels have a biosensor property for detecting environmental contaminants such as HMs (Santhosh et al., 2019). Moreover, the Ag NPs prepared by using locust bean gum are able to detect hydrogen peroxide (Tagad et al., 2013). ...
Environmental pollution has become a severe threat around the globe due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. As a result, novel advanced environmental remediation technologies have piqued the interest of researchers. The application of nanoremediation has grown significantly in recent years as a promising method of converting harmful pollutants into simple, harmless compounds. Among the physical, chemical, and biological techniques used in synthesizing nanomaterials, biological synthesis is advantageous due to its inherent characteristics, including its renewability and low cytotoxicity, and because of the functionalities of biological samples, which have been produced in an environmentally conscious manner. In addition, biological processes lead to sustainable development, another attractive feature. Plants are rich sources of phytochemicals, as opposed to other green sources, such as fungi and algae; hence, they are convenient and lucrative workable alternatives for impeding environmental pollution and enhancing ecological integrity. Moreover, the synthesis of sustainable plant-based nanomaterials shows that it can efficiently remove inorganic and organic pollutants such as heavy metals and organic dyes. In this context, the significance of plant-based nanomaterials in environmental remediation and related applications is summarized.KeywordsEnvironmental pollutionNanomaterialsPlant based Nano-phytoremediationRemediation
... Deriving the extract from the nonedible outside layers (skin, peel) of red onion using eco-friendly solvents allows to produce auto adhesive, biocompatible, and pain-free hydrogel films for dermal application [15] and food preservation [16]. Additionally, it should be noted that onion peels were found to be excellent reductants for ZnO [17,18], Fe 2 O 3 [19], Au [20][21][22], Ag [20,23,24], and Cu [25] nanoparticles synthesis. ...
UV-initiated green synthesis of metal nanoparticles by using plant extracts as photore-ducing agents is of particular interest since it is an environmentally friendly, easy-to-maintain, and cost-effective method. Plant molecules that act as reducing agents are assembled in a highly controlled way which makes them suitable for metal nanoparticle synthesis. Depending on the plant species, their application for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles for diverse applications may contribute to the mediation/reduction in organic waste amounts, thus enabling the implementation of the circular economy concept. In this work, UV-initiated green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles in hydrogels and hydrogel's thin films containing gelatin (matrix), red onion peel extract of different concentrations, water, and a small amount of 1 M AgNO 3 have been investigated and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM and EDS analysis, XRD technique, performing swelling experiments and antimicrobial tests using bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), yeasts (Candida parapsilosis, Candida albicans) and microscopic fungi (Aspergillus flavus, As-pergillus fumigatus). It was found that the antimicrobial effectiveness of the silver-enriched red onion peel extract-gelatin films was higher at lower AgNO 3 concentrations as compared to those usually used in the commercially available antimicrobial products. The enhancement of the antimicrobial effectiveness was analyzed and discussed, assuming the synergy between photoreducing agent (red onion peel extract) and silver nitrate (AgNO 3) in the initial gel solutions leading to the intensification of Ag nanoparticles production.
... A. Santhosh và cộng sự cũng đã chứng minh việc sử dụng vỏ hành tây để tổng hợp của các hạt nano bạc và những hạt này được kiểm tra hoạt nh kháng khuẩn đối với Salmonella typhimurium và Staphylococcus aureus. Kết quả thu được đối với cả hai vi khuẩn có vùng ức chế lần lượt là 9 mm và 8 mm [24]. Ngoài ra, nhiều nghiên cứu khác nhau đã chỉ ra rằng các hạt nano vàng và bạc từ chất thải thực phẩm như vỏ hành tây có thể được sử dụng trong các lĩnh vực như y sinh, công nghiệp mỹ phẩm (chống lão hóa, kem chống nắng và kem dưỡng da), các ngành công nghiệp sản xuất bao bì kháng khuẩn, ngành công nghiệp thuốc và dược phẩm [25]. ...
Một lượng lớn phụ phẩm thải ra trong quá trình chế biến hành tây (Allium cepa), trong đó có vỏ chứa nhiều hoạt chất hữu ích trong y học. Nhu cầu tiêu dùng ngày càng tăng đối với thực phẩm chế biến sẵn đặt ra vấn đề giảm thiểu chất thải bằng cách chuyển đổi thành các sản phẩm hữu ích. Bài báo nêu bật các thành phần hoạt tính sinh học chính trong vỏ hành tây, đặc biệt là phenol, flavonoid, quercetin và các dẫn xuất của nó tác dụng bảo vệ tim mạch, bảo vệ thần kinh, kháng khuẩn, trị đái tháo đường và ung thư. Qua đó, bài báo muốn nhấn mạnh rằng vỏ hành tây là một trong những phụ phẩm nông nghiệp quan trọng rất giàu hoạt tính sinh học có thể được sử dụng như một thành phần tăng cường và bảo vệ sức khỏe.
... Onions are a source of various bioactive phytomolecules, including anthocyanins, quercetin, kaempferol, thiosulfate, phenolic acids, and flavonoids [17,19]. Nanomaterials to be produced using onion phytochemicals may have an important role in the development of innovative antibacterial and anticancer drugs without compromising human health [20,21]. The aim of the current research is to create gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from the aqueous extract of A. cepa peels and to investigate their potential for antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase properties. ...
This study was carried out to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Arum dioscoridis (AD) leaf extract and to investigate the cytotoxic and antipathogenic effects of them. The plant material had a reducing and stabilizing effect on the synthesized nanomaterial. During the plant-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials, no substances that would cause environmental pollution were used. For the structural characterization of AD-AgNPs, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Zetasizer analyses were performed. The produced AgNPs showed maximum surface plasmon resonance at 431.67 nm and had mostly spherical morphology. The zeta potential value of the nanomaterial was -9.76 mV and the average powder crystal size was 31.48 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (mg/L) of AD-AgNPs on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were 0.25, 2.00, 0.125, 4.00, and 1.00, respectively. After 24 and 48 hours of application by MTT [3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid] assay, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50: μg/mL) of AD-AgNPs on human colon adenocarcinoma cell (CACO-2), human breast cancer cell (MCF-7), glioblastoma multiforme cell (T98-G), and healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines were determined as 2.977, 2.801, 5.694, 4.392; 2.115, 2.300, 2.612, 4.091, respectively.
... Onions are a source of various bioactive phytomolecules, including anthocyanins, quercetin, kaempferol, thiosulfate, phenolic acids, and flavonoids [17,19]. Nanomaterials to be produced using onion phytochemicals may have an important role in the development of innovative antibacterial and anticancer drugs without compromising human health [20,21]. The aim of the current research is to create gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from the aqueous extract of A. cepa peels and to investigate their potential for antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase properties. ...
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have potentially therapeutic properties as they are synthesized via biomolecules as reducing and stabilizing agent(s). The aim of this study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of Au NPs using extracts from the Allium cepa (AC) red peel (skin) extract and investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity and also inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. UV–Vis peak at ~ 564 nm confirmed the Au NPs absorbance. TEM images revealed the formation of Au NPs with mostly spherical shapes and sizes between 6.08 and 54.20 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the important biological compounds responsible for the reduction of gold. The strong absorption property of Au NPs was studied by EDX. The produced Au NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against the bacterial and fungal strains tested, as well as efficient inhibitory activity against both AChE and BChE enzymes. The highest antimicrobial activities were found against Staphylococcus aureus (0.06° mg/ml) and Candida albicans (0.06° mg/ml). The antioxidant test findings revealed that AC-Au NPs had lesser activity when compared to normal antioxidants. The Au NPs showed excellent inhibitory efficacy against AChE and BChE. The proposed green technique could encourage the innocuous generation of Au NPs, implying therapeutic possibilities.
... For instance, Bollella et al. synthesized Ag NPs via quercetin as a reducing agent to amend graphite electrodes, which were then used to fabricate a lactose biosensor that demonstrated good linearity, enhanced sensitivity based on low detection limits, excellent stability, and quick response times. Similarly, the detection of toxic mercury in liquids has been produced using Ag NPs synthesized from onion peel [193]. Zamarchi and Vieira et al. demonstrated that an electrochemical sensor for paracetamol determination was made via Ag NPs synthesized using pine nut extract (Araucaria angustifolia) as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and its performance was shown by a good linear range and a detection limit of 8.50×10 -8 MM, as well as great stability [194]. ...
The field of nanotechnology has emerged as an exciting field for developing and modifying novel nanostructured materials for a wide array of application possibilities. Nanomaterials are primarily synthesized using physical and chemical methods, using harsh chemicals under hazardous conditions, like chemical precipitation, photochemical, sol-gel, hydrothermal, solvothermal, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and ball milling, rendering them hazardous to human health and the environment. The solution to this problem can be explored in biological methods that incorporate green nanotechnology, which amalgamates green chemistry and engineering principles to devise harmless and eco-friendly nanomaterials. The process of producing stable nanomaterials from enzymes, metabolites, or biomolecules contained in plants and microbes, is known as biosynthesis. The biosynthesis strategy employs biotemplates, namely leaves, fruits, seeds, and flowers, that are rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, phenols, and microorganisms. Likewise, biogenic preparation of nanomaterials has been cited as an efficient, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable technology. Moreover, biosynthesis has gained considerable popularity over the last few decades, with several advantages, notably, easy availability, excellent production rate, and nanoparticles possessing excellent properties with small size, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, non-pathogenic, and safer, which make it practically sustainable. Furthermore, synergism between environmental and economic sustainability has been elaborately discussed for the practical implementation of biogenic routes in the synthesis and application of nanomaterials. Moreover, elucidation on strategies to improve synthesis routes by justifying the effects of various parameters and implementation in several applications has been conceptualized in this chapter. This chapter evaluates the emerging nanomaterials possessing copious applications on the accounts of their nature and biological compatibility, high synthesis rate, stability, selectivity, sensitivity, and so on. Similarly, the exploration of the practicality of biogenically developed nanomaterials for many applications has been recently ameliorated. Likewise, inorganic and organic nanomaterials of various classifications are conveniently produced to sustain in different avenues of applications. Biogenic routes play a vital influence in the enhancement of productivity, long-term sustainability, and low cost, enabling cheap products to be produced. Thence, biomedical nanostructures incorporating metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have recently been found to be effective in the biomedical field and diagnostic application. Further, biosynthesized nanoparticles are also strongly focused on the avenue of environmental remediation, using sustainable routes via nanotechnology, focusing on decontaminating soils, sediments, solid wastes, air, water, the textile industry, along with food industries. This chapter recounts sustainable approaches to effectively engineer nanomaterials biogenically to be applied in demanding situations and applications.
