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Colony morphology and microscopic features of Mycoleptodiscus indicus associated with subcutaneous infection in a cat. a M. indicus colonies after 2 days of incubation on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 25 °C. At 35 °C, colony morphology was similar. b M. indicus colonies after 5 days of incubation had brown-yellow pigmentation. c Microscopic features of the septate and branched hyphae. Scale bar = 25 μm. d Hyphae appeared branched and septate. Scale bar = 10 μm. Slide culture preparation stained with lactophenol aniline blue stain
Source publication
Background:
Mycoleptodiscus indicus is a dematiaceous hyphomycete fungus found on plant leaves. It has been rarely reported as a cause of human or animal disease, possibly because it is difficult to culture and identify from clinical specimens. Infections are presumably acquired by traumatic implantation.
Case presentation:
An 8-year-old non-imm...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... mold was isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar, with and without chloramphenicol (BD BBL, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), and on potato flake agar (Remel, San Diego, CA, USA). The morphology and colony growth rates were similar on all agars and under both temperature conditions; both appeared circular with a white fleecy surface and a light beige reverse (Fig. 2a). After 5 days of incubation, colonies with a brown-yellow pigment appeared on agar (Fig. 2b). Microscopically, hyphae appeared septate and branched on a slide culture preparation mounted in lactophenol aniline blue stain ( Fig. 2c-d). Despite daily observation, conidia production was not identified throughout the 3 weeks of incubation ...
Context 2
... Lakes, NJ, USA), and on potato flake agar (Remel, San Diego, CA, USA). The morphology and colony growth rates were similar on all agars and under both temperature conditions; both appeared circular with a white fleecy surface and a light beige reverse (Fig. 2a). After 5 days of incubation, colonies with a brown-yellow pigment appeared on agar (Fig. 2b). Microscopically, hyphae appeared septate and branched on a slide culture preparation mounted in lactophenol aniline blue stain ( Fig. 2c-d). Despite daily observation, conidia production was not identified throughout the 3 weeks of incubation on Sabouraud and potato agar at 25 °C and at 35 ...
Context 3
... and under both temperature conditions; both appeared circular with a white fleecy surface and a light beige reverse (Fig. 2a). After 5 days of incubation, colonies with a brown-yellow pigment appeared on agar (Fig. 2b). Microscopically, hyphae appeared septate and branched on a slide culture preparation mounted in lactophenol aniline blue stain ( Fig. 2c-d). Despite daily observation, conidia production was not identified throughout the 3 weeks of incubation on Sabouraud and potato agar at 25 °C and at 35 ...
Context 4
... mold was isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar, with and without chloramphenicol (BD BBL, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), and on potato flake agar (Remel, San Diego, CA, USA). The morphology and colony growth rates were similar on all agars and under both temperature conditions; both appeared circular with a white fleecy surface and a light beige reverse (Fig. 2a). After 5 days of incubation, colonies with a brown-yellow pigment appeared on agar (Fig. 2b). Microscopically, hyphae appeared septate and branched on a slide culture preparation mounted in lactophenol aniline blue stain ( Fig. 2c-d). Despite daily observation, conidia production was not identified throughout the 3 weeks of incubation ...
Context 5
... Lakes, NJ, USA), and on potato flake agar (Remel, San Diego, CA, USA). The morphology and colony growth rates were similar on all agars and under both temperature conditions; both appeared circular with a white fleecy surface and a light beige reverse (Fig. 2a). After 5 days of incubation, colonies with a brown-yellow pigment appeared on agar (Fig. 2b). Microscopically, hyphae appeared septate and branched on a slide culture preparation mounted in lactophenol aniline blue stain ( Fig. 2c-d). Despite daily observation, conidia production was not identified throughout the 3 weeks of incubation on Sabouraud and potato agar at 25 °C and at 35 ...
Context 6
... and under both temperature conditions; both appeared circular with a white fleecy surface and a light beige reverse (Fig. 2a). After 5 days of incubation, colonies with a brown-yellow pigment appeared on agar (Fig. 2b). Microscopically, hyphae appeared septate and branched on a slide culture preparation mounted in lactophenol aniline blue stain ( Fig. 2c-d). Despite daily observation, conidia production was not identified throughout the 3 weeks of incubation on Sabouraud and potato agar at 25 °C and at 35 ...
Context 7
... mold was isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar, with and without chloramphenicol (BD BBL, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), and on potato flake agar (Remel, San Diego, CA, USA). The morphology and colony growth rates were similar on all agars and under both temperature conditions; both appeared circular with a white fleecy surface and a light beige reverse (Fig. 2a). After 5 days of incubation, colonies with a brown-yellow pigment appeared on agar (Fig. 2b). Microscopically, hyphae appeared septate and branched on a slide culture preparation mounted in lactophenol aniline blue stain ( Fig. 2c-d). Despite daily observation, conidia production was not identified throughout the 3 weeks of incubation ...
Context 8
... Lakes, NJ, USA), and on potato flake agar (Remel, San Diego, CA, USA). The morphology and colony growth rates were similar on all agars and under both temperature conditions; both appeared circular with a white fleecy surface and a light beige reverse (Fig. 2a). After 5 days of incubation, colonies with a brown-yellow pigment appeared on agar (Fig. 2b). Microscopically, hyphae appeared septate and branched on a slide culture preparation mounted in lactophenol aniline blue stain ( Fig. 2c-d). Despite daily observation, conidia production was not identified throughout the 3 weeks of incubation on Sabouraud and potato agar at 25 °C and at 35 ...
Context 9
... and under both temperature conditions; both appeared circular with a white fleecy surface and a light beige reverse (Fig. 2a). After 5 days of incubation, colonies with a brown-yellow pigment appeared on agar (Fig. 2b). Microscopically, hyphae appeared septate and branched on a slide culture preparation mounted in lactophenol aniline blue stain ( Fig. 2c-d). Despite daily observation, conidia production was not identified throughout the 3 weeks of incubation on Sabouraud and potato agar at 25 °C and at 35 ...
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Citations
... 5 On the other hand, a PCR assay and sequencing are reliable and very sensitive for fungal identification of both isolates and tissue samples. 13 The treatment of choice for histoplasmosis is itraconazole (10 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) for a minimum of 4 to 6 months and at least 1 to 2 months after resolution of clinical signs. Ketoconazole (10 to 15 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 4 to 6 months can be effective in early or mild cases. ...
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists
... Accepted: 27-10-2021 Online: 24-11-2021 trifasciata (Kee et al., 2017) and Ixora coccinea (Banerjee et al., 2018). One of the suspected microorganisms causing leaf blight was M. indicus, which was reported to infect both plants, animals and humans (Garrison et al., 2008;Dewar and Sigler, 2010;Maboni et al., 2019). On the other hand, overuse of pesticides on leaves was found to leave an alarming amount of harmful residue on the produce, adversely affecting the consumers' health. ...
... It produced circular spores attached to the end of hyphae (Fig 6A, 6B). The colony morphology and microscopic morphology of the isolated fungi were similar to those of M. indicus, which cause rare infections in humans and animals (Maboni, Krimer et al., 2019). Morphology of the fungal colonies was also similar to M. indicus isolated from diseased Ixora coccinea (Banerjee, Mandal et al., 2018). ...
... On Zamia, M. indicus caused leaf necrosis with reddish-brown death spots on leaves (El-Gholl and Alfieri, 1991) similar to the necrotic parts on lotus leaves in this current study. Moreover, M. indicus is responsible for some diseases on a wide variety of living creatures such as an orchid tree in Malaysia, passion flowers in China, Grape, Ivy, etc.); animals (cats, dogs in the US, etc.) and humans (Maboni et al., 2019). In 2019, an 8-month-old immunocompetent cat in Georgia, USA, was diagnosed with an infection on the front knee with M. indicus (Maboni et al., 2019). ...
Background: Lotus, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn is Vietnam’s symbol and Buddhism’s flower and plays an essential part in rural Vietnam’s economy as all aspects of lotus could bring benefits to farmers. But, unfortunately, lotus yield in Vietnam is seriously affected by various plant diseases. Among them, leaf blight is currently emerging as one of the primary diseases devastating lotus crops in Vietnam, in which there are large necrotic parts on lotus leaves, flowers and seeds. Methods: Aloe barbadensis extract was used for synthesizing silver nanoparticles. Leaf blight lotus leaves were collected to isolate pathogenic fungi-infection of isolated pathogenic fungi on the healthy lotus and then identify hidden mold by 28S rRNA sequencing. Determination of in vitro minimal inhibition concentration of nano-silver was conducted according to Azizi. The reduction of disease symptoms and biological characteristics of the treated lotus was observed. Result: Morphological analysis and molecular identification of 28S rRNA sequencing showed that the pathogenic microorganism was Mycoleptodiscus indicus (M. indicus). Both in vitro antifungal activity and in vivo treatment of leaf blight lotus using a nano-silver solution showed that 30 ppm of nano-silver was the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) for totally eradicating M. indicus growth. This was the first time M. indicus was reported to infect and cause leaf blight on a lotus. Previously, M. indicus was a well-known plant pathogen that could cross-kingdom infect humans and animals. Thus, the fact that lotus is widely cultured in Vietnamese rural could increase the chance for M. indicus to spread; hence, this raised the alarm about its potential harm to plants, humans and animals. And, significantly, it revealed nano-silver as a possible approach to prevent M. indicus.
... Mycoleptodiscus indicus is a dematiaceous hyphomycete fungus found as saprotrophs leaflet decomposers of Paubrasilia echinata, which in turn, are endophytes associated with Echinacea purpurea, Borreria verticillata, and Opuntia ficus-indica; phytopathogens that can cause diseases in economically important plants such as Vanilla fragans (Bezerra and Ram 1986;Grandi and Silva 2006;Dewar and Sigler 2010;Bezerra et al. 2012;Rosa et al. 2012;Andrioli et al. 2014;Maboni et al. 2019). Preussia sp. 1 and Sphaerobolaceae sp. were the most abundant species of spines. ...
Endophytic fungi are extremely diverse in natural biomes, which display a unique plant-microbe association inside different living host tissues. Among the plants that shelter endophytes, the endophytic fungal assemblages of Cactaceae remain poorly understood. Our study characterized the taxonomy, diversity, and ecology of endophytic fungal assemblages living in different tissues of the cactus Melocactus ernestii present in the Brazilian Caatinga biome. A total of 222 endophytic fungi were obtained from roots, stems, and spines, which were identified in 99 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla. Most of the fungal taxa were recovered from root tissues, followed by stems and spines. The most abundant orders from Ascomycota were Xylariales, Dothideomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes. Basidiomycota is represented by Cantharellales, Agaricales, and Geastrales. Only Nigrospora sp. and Preussia sp. 1 were common among the three plant tissues, and 78.41% of the species were not shared among the populations and tissues. We detected similar richness patterns among the same tissue types using sample-based rarefaction and extrapolation curves. The multiple site dissimilarity across the plants and tissues showed greater disparities in species richness among M. ernestii fungal assemblages. These results highlight the compartmentalization of endophytic fungal species in the root tissue, and the endophytes sharing observed exclusively between spines and stems may reflect interactions of endophytic fungal assemblages with possible dependency on shared resources in cacti. Overall, our findings will an approach to understand changes in the diversity and the key roles of turnover of endophytic fungal assemblages in semi-arid environments.
... [1][2][3] In the last 2 decades, there have been increasing reports of M. indicus causing opportunistic phaeohyphomycosis in human and veterinary medicine. [4][5][6][7][8] Typically, it causes local cutaneous or subcutaneous infections after traumatic tissue inoculation. Initially reported in immunocompromised patients, this opportunistic fungus also may affect immunocompetent patients. ...
... Initially reported in immunocompromised patients, this opportunistic fungus also may affect immunocompetent patients. 7,8 2 | CASE SUMMARY protein, fibrinogen, complement factor 3a, and hemopexin. 18 The specific protein or proteins contributing to this spike were not determined. ...
Objective
Describe the diagnosis, clinical course, and management of a dog with systemic Mycoleptodiscus indicus infection.
Case Summary
A 5‐year‐old male neutered Giant Schnauzer presented with left eye anterior uveitis, peripheral lymphadenopathy, hyperglobulinemia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. A diagnosis of M. indicus infection was made based on histopathology and PCR. Treatment with itraconazole and terbinafine resulted in resolution of the hyperglobulinemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and peripheral lymphadenopathy. No evidence of fungal organisms was identified on lymph node, liver, or ocular histopathology after 7 months of treatment.
New or Unique Information Provided
This case is the first report of a systemic M. indicus infection in an apparently immunocompetent dog. Clinical resolution was achieved with systemic itraconazole and terbinafine.
... Mycoleptodiscus indicus, a dematiaceous hyphomycete, is a common contaminant of tropical or subtropical soils and occurs on the leaves of different plants for which it is pathogenic, particularly but not exclusively monocotyledons [1]. It has only been sporadically described as a subcutaneous infection agent in immunocompetent animals [2][3][4] and in immunocompromised patients. Compared to the general population, this type of patient has an increased risk of developing opportunistic fungal infections with greater morbidity and mortality. ...
... The patient was subjected to induction treatment with liposomal Amphotericin B, followed by long-term therapy with Itraconazole. The treatment, together with the drain of the abscess, allowed the complete resolution of the lesion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. ...
The purpose of this review is to familiarize clinical pathologists and clinicians with the cytomorphologic features associated with deep mycoses in dogs and cats. The goals are to develop a more unified approach to the description and interpretation of fungal cytomorphology and to facilitate the categorization of fungi that do not produce unique morphologic structures in tissue.
