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Colony and conidia of Pestalotiopsis spp. and a Truncatella sp. on acidified potation dextrose agar at 20°C for 7 days. A, Pestalotiopsis clavispora with acervuli radially distributed; B, P. neglecta, with acervuli dispersed; and C, Truncatella angustata, acervuli dispersed in the center. Conidia: D, P. clavispora, five-celled, four septa, curved, short apical appendages; E, P. neglecta, five-celled, four septa, curved, relatively short apical appendages with round ends; and F, T. angustata, four brownish cells, three dark brown septa, basal appendage absent. Bars = 10 µm.
Source publication
Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) has great economic importance in Chile, which currently has about 8,500 ha being cultivated. Recently, the presence of canker and dieback symptoms has been observed along the productive blueberry zone of Chile. Species of Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella were consistently isolated from diseased samples in 22 different locat...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... of Pestalotiopsis were characterized by the presence of five-cell conidia with a single hyaline basal appendage and two to four hyaline apical appendages; it was more common to find conidia with four than two appendages. The three median conidial cells were thick-walled and light to dark brown, whereas the apical and basal cells were hyaline (Fig. 2). Colonies were white and cottony, becoming darker as fungi aged on APDA. Black acervuli conidiomata (approximately 0.1 mm long) were formed superficially and scat- tered on the agar medium, covered with mycelium (isolates Pc07-07 and Pc9.1- 06) or uncovered (isolates Pc03-06, Pc01- 07, Pc17-07, and Pn14-07). Isolates Pc03-06, Pc9.1-06, ...
Context 2
... conidia, straight to slightly curved on APDA. Conidia had hyaline apical and basal cells with two brown to dark-brown median cells, which were thick-walled with an unfinished basal cell. Septa were prominent. More than one hyaline apical appendage, variable in size and branched dichotomically, was observed. No basal appendages were present (Fig. ...
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Citations
... (Fiorenza et al. 2022b). Moreover, Fiorenza et al. (2022b) noticed frequent necroses and cankers at the grafting point, reinforcing the assumption that the propagation processes are crucial for pestalotioid infections (Espinoza et al. 2008). Therefore, myrtle and bottlebrush plants showing symptoms of twig canker and dieback were investigated in the present study to provide a deeper insight into etiology. ...
Pestalotioid fungi were isolated in pure culture from symptomatic plants of Callistemon laevis, C. viminalis, Luma apiculata (marketed as “Myrtus luma”), Myrtus communis subsp. tarentina, and M. communis var. microphylla (M. communis ’Microphylla’), showing twig canker, dieback and defoliation. The isolates were identified to species by ITS, tef1 and tub2 sequences, which revealed the presence of six species of Neopestalotiopsis (N. camelliae-oleiferae, N. hispanica, N. iberica, N. rosae, N. rosicola, and N. zakeelii) and one species of Pestalotiopsis (P. biciliata). While most species were isolated only once or twice, the majority of isolates belonged to N. rosae (13) and N. hispanica (8). Pathogenicity was investigated by pathogenicity tests on all hosts, which confirmed the pathogenicity of all Neopestalotiopsis species on at least some of the hosts tested, while P. biciliata did not cause any disease symptoms. Neopestalotiopsis hispanica and N. rosae caused symptoms in all hosts of the present study, while the other Neopestalotiopsis species tested showed no symptoms on Luma apiculata.
... When a host plant becomes stressed and/or the environment becomes favorable for the development or pathogenicity, the quiescent fungi can become pathogenic and cause irreversible damage [5,27]. Some of the fungal endophytes isolated from C. florida in this study have been previously reported as agronomically important pathogens or saprophytes, such as species of the genera Hypoxylon, Diaporthe, Diplodia, Cytospora, Colletotrichum, Pestalotiopsis, Botryosphaeria, Phyllosticta, Epicoccum, and Phoma, which have been associated with leaf spots, blight, cankers, and/or dieback diseases [27,28,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. Of these potential pathogens, C. gloeosporioides [60], C. acutatum [52], and Botryosphaeria dothidea [61] have been reported as destructive pathogens of C. florida and/or other Cornus sp. ...
Endophytic fungi that reside internally in healthy, asymptomatic plants often benefit their hosts by promoting plant growth and/or providing plant protection against abiotic and biotic stresses. However, only a small fraction of the estimated 1.5 million fungal endophytes have been identified. In this study, a total of 369 isolates of fungal endophytes in 59 distinct taxa were isolated from stem samples of Cornus florida (flowering dogwood). All isolates belonged to species of phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota distributed across five orders and 11 genera. Isolates belonging to the same family clustered together in a phylogenetic tree generated from a cluster analysis using MEGA 7 software. Diversity indices of the fungi revealed a rich and diverse community that included several species associated with leaf spots, blight, cankers, and/or dieback diseases. Pathogenicity tests confirmed 16 fungal endophytes as C. florida pathogens, including some well-known destructive pathogens Botryosphaera dothidea, Colletotrichum acutatum, and C. gleosporoides. Isolates of the fungal endophytes possess the capacity to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes (cellulase, amylase, pectinase, laccase, chitinase, and protease) that are known to function in tissue penetration, plant colonization, nutrient acquisition, and disease suppression in both plant pathogens and endophytes These results support the interchangeable pathogenic–endophytic roles for some taxa.
... Este se encuentra ampliamente distribuidos en ecosistemas tropicales y templados (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2011). Pestalotiopsis es hongo que cuenta con un amplio rango de especies huésped, causando una diversidad de síntomas, tales como: manchas foliares, cancros, muerte regresiva de brotes, tizones, clorosis, pudriciones, cancro de las vainas, pudrición de la fruta antes y después de la cosecha y gomosis (Keith et al 2006;Espinoza et al. 2008). ...
Ornamental and foliage plants make a significant contribution to Guatemalans, generating approximately 15,000 permanent jobs. Currently, they export over 500 species and 3,000 varieties of ornamental plants, showing growth in exports in recent years. Phytosanitary management is a determining factor for the production and export of these plants. The objective of the research was to identify the phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria that attack the ornamental plants collected for the study. The plants were collected in the open field or greenhouse, placed in humid chambers, and cuts or scrapings were made for diagnosis, subsequently taxonomic keys were used. The plants evaluated were: Agapanthus (Agapanthus), Elephant's foot or pony (Beaucarnea), Gerbera (Gerbera), Anthurium (Anthurium), Bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae), Protera (Protea mellifera), Magnolia (Magnolia javieri), Gladiolus (Gladiolus), Chamaedorea Fern (Rumohra adiantiformis), areca palm (Dypsis lutescens), syngonium (Syngonium podophyllum) and Rose (Rosa chinensis). Most of the diseases diagnosed were phytopathogenic fungi, identified as: Mycosphaerella, Alernaria, Colletotrichum, Oidium, Capnodium, Coniothyrium, Pestalotiopsis, Batcheloromyces, Botrytis, Fusarium, Phoma, Bipolaris, Verticillium and Cylindrocladium and only one phytopathogenic bacteria was diagnosed as Erwinia in Cyclamen, of the 18 evaluated. These phytopathogens have a direct impact on the production and trade of ornamental plants because the aesthetics of the product is an essential requirement in these crops.
... Este se encuentra ampliamente distribuidos en ecosistemas tropicales y templados (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2011). Pestalotiopsis es hongo que cuenta con un amplio rango de especies huésped, causando una diversidad de síntomas, tales como: manchas foliares, cancros, muerte regresiva de brotes, tizones, clorosis, pudriciones, cancro de las vainas, pudrición de la fruta antes y después de la cosecha y gomosis (Keith et al 2006;Espinoza et al. 2008). ...
Ornamental and foliage plants make a significant contribution to Guatemalans, generating approximately 15,000 permanent jobs. Currently, they export over 500 species and 3,000 varieties of ornamental plants, showing growth in exports in recent years. Phytosanitary management is a determining factor for the production and export of these plants. The objective of the research was to identify the phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria that attack the ornamental plants collected for the study. The plants were collected in the open field or greenhouse, placed in humid chambers, and cuts or scrapings were made for diagnosis, subsequently taxonomic keys were used. The plants evaluated were: Agapanthus (Agapanthus), Elephant's foot or pony (Beaucarnea), Gerbera (Gerbera), Anthurium (Anthurium), Bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae), Protera (Protea mellifera), Magnolia (Magnolia javieri), Gladiolus (Gladiolus), Chamaedorea Fern (Rumohra adiantiformis), areca palm (Dypsis lutescens), syngonium (Syngonium podophyllum) and Rose (Rosa chinensis). Most of the diseases diagnosed were phytopathogenic fungi, identified as: Mycosphaerella, Alernaria, Colletotrichum, Oidium, Capnodium, Coniothyrium, Pestalotiopsis, Batcheloromyces, Botrytis, Fusarium, Phoma, Bipolaris, Verticillium and Cylindrocladium and only one phytopathogenic bacteria was diagnosed as Erwinia in Cyclamen, of the 18 evaluated. These phytopathogens have a direct impact on the production and trade of ornamental plants because the aesthetics of the product is an essential requirement in these crops.
... Infection of plants by Pestalotiopsis spp. begins when fungal conidia or mycelium get into contact with susceptible plant tissues (Espinoza et al., 2008). Pestalotiopsis microspora was found in germinated seeds of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris (Parsa et al., 2016). ...
Following an EFSA commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants (Pinus parviflora grafted on Pinus thunbergii) imported from China, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Pestalotiopsis microspora, a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Pestalotiopsidaceae. The pathogen was reported on a wide range of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and gymnosperms, either cultivated or wild plant species, causing various symptoms such as leaf spot, leaf blight, scabby canker, fruit spot, pre‐ and post‐harvest fruit rot and root rot. In addition, the fungus was reported as an endophyte on a wide range of asymptomatic plant species. This pest categorisation focuses on the hosts that are relevant for the EU and for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequencing analyses. Pestalotiopsis microspora was reported in Africa, North, Central and South America, Asia and Oceania. In the EU, it was reported in the Netherlands. There is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of P. microspora worldwide and in the EU, because of the endophytic nature of the fungus, the lack of surveys, and because in the past, when molecular tools were not fully developed, the pathogen might have been misidentified as other Pestalotiopsis species or other members of the Pestalodiopsidaceae family based on morphology and pathogenicity tests. Pestalotiopsis microspora is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Plants for planting, fresh fruits, bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other growing media associated with plant debris are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability in parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment and spread of the pathogen. The introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU are expected to have an economic and environmental impact where susceptible hosts are grown. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. Unless the restricted distribution in the EU is disproven, Pestalotiopsis microspora satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.
... Furthermore, various fungal pathogens are able to cause severe damage and as well to persist in latency inside the living tissue of their hosts (Luque et al., 2000;Franceschini et al., 2005). The most widespread and virulent species belong mainly to Botryosphaeriaceae and Amphisphaeriaceae families (Deidda et al., 2012;Espinoza et al., 2008). In fact, Diplodia species are well known as pathogens that cause withering and cankers in many plant, wood, and fruit species (Mutke et al., 2012;Phillips et al., 2013;Hlaiem et al., 2020). ...
... In fact, Diplodia species are well known as pathogens that cause withering and cankers in many plant, wood, and fruit species (Mutke et al., 2012;Phillips et al., 2013;Hlaiem et al., 2020). Additionally, Pestalotiopsis species have been consistently associated with different disease symptoms (Espinoza et al., 2008;Maharachchikumbura et al., 2014;Hlaiem et al., 2022). However, data regarding the identity of Diplodia spp. ...
... Accordingly, D. seriata has been reported as pathogen on grapevine in Spain by Luque et al. (2009). Furthermore, Pestalotiopsis species are the causal agents for a numerous plant disease (Keith et al., 2006;Espinoza et al., 2008;Chen et al., 2013). Mainly, P. biciliata has been recognized as a leaf pathogen of Eucalyptus spp. in Italy (Morales-Rodriguez et al., 2019). ...
Since 2012, a severe and widespread decline and mortality affecting several of Mediterranean forest species has been occurred throughout Tunisian forests. In 2017, field surveys showed a progressive dieback of Quercus coccifera L. (kermes oak), including shoot dieback, brown lesions on branches and innumerable pycnidia on infected tissues. For its ecological interest, preservation of Q. coccifera as valuable evergreen forest tree must be of great interest. However, information regarding kermes oak disease is still scarce. Hence, the aims of this study were to characterize the fungal pathogens associated with Q. coccifera branch canker in two Tunisian forests and evaluate their virulence. Twenty-eight isolates were obtained from symptomatic kermes oak branches. Based on morphological features and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1-α) two fungal species namely Diplodia seriata and Pestalotiopsis biciliata were identified. Moreover, D. seriata species were the main fungi consistently obtained from symptomatic Q. coccifera branches. Pathogenicity tests carried out on asymptomatic detached branches confirmed the virulence of the two species. These findings confirm D. seriata and P. biciliata as fungal pathogens associated with kermes oak branch canker and dieback in Tunisia. To the best of our knowledge, these two plant pathogenic fungi are identified for the first time on kermes oak in Tunisia.
... Das et al. (2010) reported optimum temperature for the sporulation of the pathogen was 25±2 ºC. Espinoza et al. (2008) also recorded similar observation and reported that optimum temperature for mycelial growth of Pestalotiopsis clavispora on blueberry was 18 and 25 ºC was 20ºC for Pestalotiopsis neglecta. These outcomes were similar to those wheat varieties as reported by Chungu et al. (2001), who also noticed a similar link between temperature and duration on the spore germination, on leaf moisture. ...
Cashew leaf spot and blight disease caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. in the western region of West Bengal, where cashews are grown, is one of the most prevalent and emerging foliar disease and primarily affects older leaves. It severely affects the yield of the crop. The knowledge of the influence of temperature and nutritional factors on mycelial growth, sporulation and pathogenic fitness is of utmost need for understanding the physiology of this dreaded pathogen. Cultural and physiological studies of Pestalotiopsis sp. were conducted at Plant Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya during 2021-2022. The cultural studies were conducted to know the effect of different media on growth and sporulation of Pestalotiopsis sp. Among the different media, the maximum mycelial growth of Pestalotiopsis sp. was observed on Oat meal agar (OMA) medium (8.9 cm) followed by Potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 6 days after inoculation. Irrespective of different media, the highest mycelial growth rate (13.84 mm / day) and AUMPC (174.72) of Pestalotiopsis sp. was recorded at 22 o C followed by 27˚C. However, highest sporulation was observed on potato dextrose agar (3.14 × 10-5 / mm 2) followed by oat meal agar (2.35×10 5 / mm 2) whereas it was least on Czapeck's dox agar medium (7.85 × 10-4 / mm 2). The present findings thus, indicated that 22-25 o C was found to be the favorable temperature for mycelia growth of Pestalotiopsis sp. causing leaf spot and blight disease of cashewnut. Pathogenicity testing of Pestalotiopsis sp. was done on three different hosts (Mango, cashew and jackfruit) through detached leaf assay. Among these three hosts, jackfruit is found to be the most susceptible host for Pestalotiopsis sp sym-1 (cashew) isolate.
... Pestalotiopsis Steyaert is an appendage-bearing conidial anamorphic form (coelomycetes) in the family Amphisphaeriaceae that includes more than 225 species [4][5][6][7][8]. The genus has received much attention from the scientific community, because recent reports confirmed that Pestalotiopsis spp. ...
... Besides black spot blight of P. sylvestris var. mongolica, P. neglecta can also cause chlorotic spot in maize (Zea mays), shoot blight in Cryptomeria japonica, and canker disease in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) [8,16,17]. ...
Black spot needle blight is a serious conifer disease of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica occurring in Northeast China, which is usually caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Pestalotiopsis neglecta. From the diseased pine needles collected in Honghuaerji, the P. neglecta strain YJ-3 was isolated and identified as the phytopathogen, and its culture characteristics were studied. Then, we generated a highly contiguous 48.36-Mbp genome assembly (N50 = 6.62 Mbp) of the P. neglecta strain YJ-3 by combining the PacBio RS II Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) and Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing platforms. The results showed that a total of 13,667 protein-coding genes were predicted and annotated using multiple bioinformatics databases. The genome assembly and annotation resource reported here will be useful for the study of fungal infection mechanisms and pathogen–host interaction.
... Disease symptoms in blueberry associated with species of Pestalotiopsis include leaf spot, fruit rot, stem canker and twig dieback (Espinoza et al. 2008;Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014). Leaf spot caused by Pestalotiopsis microspora is one of the major fungal diseases in blueberry production and if not treated promptly can lead to plant death (Yi-Lan et al. 2021). ...
... The sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession number ON238108 (ITS), OP895025 (TEF) and OP895026 (TUB). The classification of Pestalotiopsis species is based on a combination of morphological characteristics and molecular analyses (Espinoza et al. 2008;Gonzales et al. 2012;Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014). Fulfilling Koch's postulates showed that Pestalotiopsis spp. ...
... In a study about the occurrence and prevalence of fungal species causing foliar diseases on blueberry in the Georgia, the Pestalotia leaf spot was the third most common foliar disease, occurring on about 25% of the samples in two years of the survey (Scherm et al. 2008). In South America the pathogen has been observed in blueberry orchards in Argentina (Wright et al. 1998), Chile (Espinoza et al. 2008) andUruguay (Gonzales et al. 2012). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola (ex-type P. trachycarpicola) causing spot leaf disease in blueberry in Brazil. ...
In Brazil, one blueberry plant of the cultivar Climax showing symptoms and signs of Pestalotiopsis spp. was observed in a commercial orchard. Morphological and molecular observations were consistent with those previously reported for Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola (ex-type Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola). Koch’s postulates were fulfilled. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. trachycarpicola (ex-type P. trachycarpicola) causing leaf spot of blueberry in Brazil.
... Regarding the genus Pestalotiopsis, belonging to the Pestalotiopsidaceae class, it includes species recognized as pathogens (44)(45) , but also endophytes, and, lately, species that produce metabolites for medicinal use are being studied (46)(47) . ...
In the last few years, the interest in keeping the city trees healthy has increased in order to improve their survival and
minimize claims due to potential accidents. The pest and diseases, the pollution, and the climate change together with the
little genetic diversity of trees in urban areas are some of the factors that contribute to increase the likelihood of death
and/or failure of trees in the cities. This work is part of a sanitary and risk of failure assessment of plane street trees
(Platanus x acerifolia) carried out between 2019 and 2020. A random sample of 10 city blocks and their 193 plane trees
was selected. In these, the presence of cankers, abnormal bark colorations, deformations, and a series of structural attributes that determine likelihood of failure variables were registered. The proportion of individuals with each symptom and
the severity main index (SMI) were calculated as a weighted average of the different severity (SEV) levels in the total of
evaluated plants. The severity indices were determined according to trunk or branches circumference and the portion of
the tree affected (1st, 2nd or 3rd portion from the base). Deformations presented the main incidence (0.6), SMI (1.68) and a
correlation with the presence of damages and human injuries. The presence of cankers and reddish bark were the symptoms that most affected the density of the crowns.
