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Atmospheric thermal loads are considered as one of the effective loads on bridge structures. The thermal actions in bridge superstructures are considered in most of the recent bridge design specifications. In this study, a concrete girder segment was cast in place in an open field to simulate the actual atmospheric exposure case of bridge girders....
Citations
... The flexural toughness is an expression of the absorbed energy up to failure [20][21][22]. The experimental flexural toughness of tested specimens can be obtained by calculating the total area under the load-deflection diagram . ...
This study presents an experimental work to examine the effect of shear span to effective depth (a/d) ratio on the behavior of precast hollow slab. For this purpose, tests were performed under the effect of four lines loading of different shear span values to effective depth (a/d) ratios (1.5, 2, 3.5 and 5). This test program involved four full-scale precast prestressed hollow core slabs, with width of 1200 mm, length of 2000 mm, and thickness of 160 mm. The entire set of hollow-core slabs was cast using a high compressive strength concrete of about 79.5 MPa at the age of 28 days. Based on the experimental results, the four failure mode patterns were highly dependent on the (a/d) ratio. These modes include, shear compression failure, flexural failure, and flexure-shear failure. While the fourth failure mode was represented as a combination of anchorage failure and tension shear, this failure pattern was accompanied by slippage of strand reinforcement in concrete. It has been found that a decrement percentage of 19.58% was recorded for different failure loads, whereas the percentage of (a/d) ratio was increased by 233.3%. In addition, the highest first crack load of 110 kN was obtained by sample HCS 1.5 that had the lower (a/d) ratio.
This research studies the effect of beam depth on the behavior of steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich beams. Four SCS sandwich beams measuring 100 mm wide and 1200 mm length were cast and tested up to failure under three-point flexural loading. The depths in the tested beams ranged from 150 to 300 mm in regular increments of 50 mm. All beams had top and bottom steel skin plates with thickness 4 mm. The shear connector configuration of the Truss using 10 mm diameter steel bars was used to directly connect the two external steel skin plates. The test results confirmed that increasing the depth of the SCS beams from 150 to 300 mm led to an increase in the first cracking load and the ultimate load by 33.5 to 66.5% and 59.2 to 64.2%, respectively. In addition to improving the mechanical properties, when the SCS beams depth was raised to 50%, the service stiffness and secant stiffness both improved by 226.9 and 190.4%, respectively. Moreover, the flexural toughness increased by 101.1% with the SCS sandwich beams depth rising by 25%.
This paper describes the behavior of steel–concrete-steel sandwich beams with new configuration of shear connector. Five sandwich beams composed of a normal concrete core that was filled between a pair of 4 mm steel skin plates were prepared and tested under three-point loading up to failure. The truss shear connectors were formed from vertical and diagonal elements with different diameters of 10, 12 and 16 mm and different spacing of 100, 200, and 250 mm. All beams had a cross section of 100 × 200 mm, with a total length of 1200 mm. Results indicated that ultimate load capacity increased by about approximately 32 and 43 % with the increase of shear connectors diameter by 20 and 60%, respectively. In addition, raising the spacing of the shear connectors by 100% led to a reduction in the ultimate load capacity by approximately 31 and 68%, respectively. The test results also confirmed that when the shear connectors diameter was increased from 10 to 12 and 16 mm, the ductility index, service stiffness and flexural toughness improved by approximately 23 and 155 %, 17 and 34 % and 26 and 382 %, respectively.
