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Cloned testicular yolk sac tumor cell growth curve during 8 day culture (A), with some abnormal chromosomes (B, X400), or positive expression of alpha- fetoprotein (C, × 200), rather than beta-subunit human chorionic gonadotrophin (D, × 200).
Source publication
The testicular yolk sac tumor (TYST) is the most common neoplasm originated from germ cells differentiated abnormally, a major part of pediatric malignant testicular tumors. The present study aimed at developing and validating the in vitro and vivo models of TYST and evaluating the sensitivity of TYST to treatments, by cloning human TYST cells and...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... TYST cell growth curve demonstrated that there was a rapid growth of cells 2-4 days after the culture, followed by a small and consistent growth from 5 days and on ( Figure 4A). Proliferation cycle time of cloned cells was about 30 hours, during which cloned cells were doubled. ...Context 2
... number of cloned cell chromosomes fluctuated from 39 to 97, and the modal number was 46. There was no isochromosome of 12p, i(12p) in G-banding, and some chromosomes in cloned cells had abnormal structures similar to those in the primary TYST cells ( Figure 4B). Cloned cells had posi- tive expression of AFP ( Figure 4C), rather than b-hCG ( Figure 4D). ...Context 3
... was no isochromosome of 12p, i(12p) in G-banding, and some chromosomes in cloned cells had abnormal structures similar to those in the primary TYST cells ( Figure 4B). Cloned cells had posi- tive expression of AFP ( Figure 4C), rather than b-hCG ( Figure 4D). DNA index of cloned cells was 1.3, as compared with the normal range between 0.9 with 1.1. ...Context 4
... was no isochromosome of 12p, i(12p) in G-banding, and some chromosomes in cloned cells had abnormal structures similar to those in the primary TYST cells ( Figure 4B). Cloned cells had posi- tive expression of AFP ( Figure 4C), rather than b-hCG ( Figure 4D). DNA index of cloned cells was 1.3, as compared with the normal range between 0.9 with 1.1. ...Context 5
... yopyknosis, nuclei gradually shrank, or apoptotic bodies of apoptotic cells was shown in Figure 6-A2. As compared with those with vehicle ( Figure 6-A3), the number of TUNEL-positive cells increased 12 hours after the treatment with cisplatin (Figure 6-A4). Apoptotic index significantly increased 12 (14.7 ± 3.4), 24 (20.2 ± 1.6), 48 (26.9 ± 3.4) and 72 hours (34.2 ± 3.6) after the co-culture with cisplatin, as compared with that with vehicle (6.1 ± 1.8, p < 0.05 or 0.01, respectively). ...Context 6
... index significantly increased 12 (14.7 ± 3.4), 24 (20.2 ± 1.6), 48 (26.9 ± 3.4) and 72 hours (34.2 ± 3.6) after the co-culture with cisplatin, as compared with that with vehicle (6.1 ± 1.8, p < 0.05 or 0.01, respectively). The expression of p53 proteins increased from 12 hours and on after the treatment with cis- plantin ( Figure 6-B2), while the expression of Bcl-2 proteins decreased and re-distributed from 48 hours (Figure 6-B4), as compared with those with vehicle ( Figure 6-B1 and 6-B3). Significance differences of optimal density of p53 and Bcl-2 protein staining were noticed 12 and 24 hours after cisplatin treatment, as shown in Figure 6C and 6D, respectively. ...Similar publications
Although external beam radiation is an essential component to the current standard treatment of primary brain tumors, its application is limited by toxicity at doses more than 80 Gy. Recent studies have suggested that brachytherapy with liposomally encapsulated radionuclides may be of benefit, and we have reported methods to markedly increase the s...
Background:
There is a need for novel treatments of advanced cervical cancer. We investigated the utility of recombinant human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rhTRAIL), a molecule capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, for the therapy of CasKi cervical cancer xenografts in nude mice.
Results:
CasKi cells proved to be sensitive in...
Citations
... 17 Unfortunately, treatment of TYST still depends on surgical resection and/or chemotherapy. 18 Currently, there are few studies to explore the potential of GPC3 peptide-based vaccines for treatment of TYST. ...
... Human TYST cell line was generated from a pediatric patient with TYST, 18 and TYST cells at passage 79 were a gift provided by Prof. Xiaoming Chen in the Pediatric Surgery Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Human colon cancer SW620 (GPC3 − , as control cells) cells were from Cell Bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences. ...
... GPC3, as a carcinoembryonic antigen, is an ideal target for antitumor immunotherapy, because its expression is up-regulated in many types of pediatric solid tumors, especially in YSTs. 6,18 Previous studies have shown that vaccination with GPC3 144-152 peptide induces potent CD8 + T-cell immunity against various types of cancers in rodents and in clinical trials. 8,32 Similarly, we observed that vaccination with a medium dose of GPC3 144-152 peptide in 50% IFA induced potent CD8 + T-cell responses in human HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice, consistent with a previous study. ...
Background
Glypican‐3 (GPC3) is highly expressed in testicular yolk sac tumor (TYST). GPC3 has been evaluated as a cancer vaccine for some types of tumors, but little is known on the effects of GPC3 peptide‐based therapy on TYST. Here, we evaluated the antitumor effect of GPC3 144‐152 on TYST and its potential mechanisms.
Methods
GPC3 144‐152 ‐specific CD8 ⁺ T cells were induced by vaccine immunization and examined by ELISPOT. The CD8 ⁺ T cells were purified for testing their cytotoxicity in vitro against TYST cells by CCK‐8 and TUNEL assays and in vivo against tumor growth. The influence of GPC3 144‐152 loading and/or cGAS silencing on the tumor growth, apoptosis and cGAS/STING signaling was tested by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blot.
Results
Vaccination with GPC3 144‐152 induced tumor‐specific CD8 ⁺ T cells that secreted high levels of IFN‐γ and granzyme B, and had potent cytotoxicity against TYST in a dose‐dependent manner. Adoptive transfer of CD8 ⁺ T cells and treatment with GPC3 144‐152 significantly inhibited the growth of TYST tumors, but less effective for cGAS‐silenced TYST tumors in vivo. Treatment with GPC3 144‐152 enhanced the infiltration of CD8 ⁺ T cells into the tumor environment and their cytotoxicity against TYST tumors in vivo by up‐regulating granzyme B and IFN‐β expression, but down‐regulating GPC3 expression in the tumors. Co‐culture of CD8 ⁺ T cells with TYST in the presence of exogenous GPC3 144‐152 enhanced peptide‐specific CD8 ⁺ T‐cell cytotoxicity in vitro, accompanied by enhancing cGAS, γH2AX, TBK1, and IRF3 phosphorylation in TYST cells, but less effective in cGAS‐silenced TYST cells.
Conclusions
These data indicated that GPC3 peptide‐specific CD8 ⁺ T cells had potent antitumor activity against TYST tumor, particularly for combined treatment with the peptide, which was partially dependent on the intratumoral cGAS/STNG signaling. GPC3 peptide vaccine may be valuable for the combination treatment of TYST.
... Pediatric germ cell tumors account for 60-75% of pediatric testicular tumors, mostly as YSTs. The occurrence of the tumor in the cerebellar hemisphere is extremely rare and few cases have been reported in the literature (2). Endodermal sinus tumors, also known as YSTs, belong to an inferior class of germ cell tumors (GCTs) with a poor prognosis. ...
Endodermal sinus tumors are rare malignant germ cell tumors that usually originate from the gonads and are rarely observed extragonadally. Pure primary endodermal sinus tumors of the cerebellar hemisphere are extremely rare and patients diagnosed with the disease often have a poor prognosis. The symptoms of YSTs are unspecific and associated with the location of tumors. Intracranial YSTs (such as cerebellar hemispheres) always present with symptoms including headache and poor vision. The present study reports the case of a three-year-old male who presented to The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (Nanchang, China) with a headache that had persisted for one month, and then worsened for the last 10 days. This was accompanied by vomiting and gait disturbance. An abnormal signal mass was identified in the left cerebellar hemisphere on brain magnetic resonance imaging. The case initially presented as a medulloblastoma and the patient was followed up for six months. The final pathology report revealed an endodermal sinus tumor, also known as a yolk sac tumor. Six months following resection of the left cerebellar tumor, the patient succumbed to recurrence of the disease, due to acute vomiting and severe headache.
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common type of testicular cancer, with a particularly high incidence in the 15–45-year age category. Although highly treatable, resistance to therapy sometimes occurs, with devastating consequences for the patients. Additionally, the young age at diagnosis and the treatment itself pose a great threat to patients’ fertility. Despite extensive research concerning genetic and environmental risk factors, little is known about TGCT etiology. However, epigenetics has recently come into the spotlight as a major factor in TGCT initiation, progression, and even resistance to treatment. As such, recent studies have been focusing on epigenetic mechanisms, which have revealed their potential in the development of novel, non-invasive biomarkers. As the most studied epigenetic mechanism, DNA methylation was the first revelation in this particular field, and it continues to be a main target of investigations as research into its association with TGCT has contributed to a better understanding of this type of cancer and constantly reveals novel aspects that can be exploited through clinical applications. In addition to biomarker development, DNA methylation holds potential for developing novel treatments based on DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) and may even be of interest for fertility management in cancer survivors. This manuscript is structured as a literature review, which comprehensively explores the pivotal role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment resistance of TGCTs.
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men in reproductive age, and cisplatin is one of the major helpful chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of this cancer. In addition, exposure of testes cancer cells to cisplatin could potentially eliminate tumour cells from germ cells in patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cisplatin on viability of mouse acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line (EL-4) and neonatal mouse spermatogonial cells in vitro. In this study, the isolated spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) and EL-4 were divided into six groups including control (received medium), sham (received DMSO in medium) and experimental groups which received different doses of cisplatin (0.5, 5, 10 and 15 μg ml(-1) ). Cells viability was evaluated with MTT assay. The identity of the cultured cells was confirmed by the expression of specific markers. Our finding showed that viability of both SSC and EL-4 cells was reduced with the dose of 15 μg/ml when compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Also, the differences between the IC50 in doses 10 and 15 μg/ml at different time were significant (P ≤ 0.05). The number of TUNEL-positive cells was increased, and the BAX and caspase-3 expressions were upregulated in EL4 cells for group that received an effective dose of cisplatin). In conclusion, despite the dramatic effects of cisplatin on both cells, spermatogonial stem cells could form colony in culture.
To investigate the biological macro-idea and criterion of osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine.
Based on biological naturalism regarding the relationship between man and universe (including psychosomatic integration) in osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine, we used modern physiopsychological and biomechanical principles and methods to investigate the biological macro-characteristics of humanization, behaviorism, and wholism in "dynamic" fixation of fractures.
Osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine is based on the fixation criterion of macro-idea and method as well as on geometry, mechanics, motion, and stress and psychological stability in "non-sheltered fixation" of fractures contained in the life view of nature, regarding the relationship between man and universe (including psychosomatic integration) and on harmony between the limbs and the whole body, between body and function, and between man and nature.
Osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine is fixation without trauma or shelter. The principle and method of whole, dynamic, and functional fixation of fractures is not only radical, but also represents a new direction for developing the principle and method of fracture immobilization.
