Figure - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Clinical studies into the effect of intestinal calcium absorption with the use of calcium citrate versus calcium carbonate: the upper portion lists the studies in the meta-analysis by Sakhaee et al. (31) and the lower portion lists the studies published thereafter
Source publication
Background
Calcium and vitamin D play an essential role in bone metabolism but deficiency and/or inadequate intake are common.
Objectives
To describe a practical approach based on the literature regarding clinically important aspects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
Methods
A systematic evaluation of relevant literature in Medline was co...
Citations
... The daily recommended calcium and vitamin D dose varies depending on age. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dose for your individual needs (48,49). ...
The health-related quality of life and management of patients with thalassemia has significantly improved in recent years due to standard treatments and safe blood transfusions with effective chelation therapy to reduce iron overload. Transfusion-dependent thalassemia is associated with numerous skeletal abnormalities, including osteoporosis, which is a significant cause of morbidity in these patients. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and an increased risk of fractures, particularly in the lumbar spine and in patients with extramedullary hematopoiesis. It remains a significant problem in adult transfusion-dependent thalassemia, particularly in patients under chelation therapy. A fracture history is significantly associated with lower Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) T/Z scores, which decrease with age. Improved management and modern treatments for transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients with osteoporosis should be prioritized to prevent bone fractures and improve quality of life in older age.
... Among synthetic biomaterials, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) has shown great potential as a bone filling material and has been widely used for bone defect repairs [5][6][7], due to its favorable biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and bioresorbability [8][9][10]. Moreover, CaCO 3 is an important calcium supplement and is administered in the treatment and prevention of fractures [11,12]. There is an abundance of pore structure in porous CaCO 3 microspheres (CMs), whose morphology is spherical with a specific surface area, leading to intensive use of CMs for drug delivery systems [13][14][15]. ...
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which exhibits excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, is a well-established bone filling material for bone defects. Here, we synthesized CaCO3 microspheres (CMs) to use as an intelligent carrier to load bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Subsequently, drug-loaded CMs and catalase (CAT) were added to methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels to prepare a composite hydrogel for differential release of the drugs. CAT inside hydrogels was released with a fast rate to eliminate H2O2 and generate oxygen. Constant BMP-2 release from CMs induced rapid osteogenesis. Results in vitro indicated that the composite hydrogels efficiently reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), preventing cells from being injured by oxidative stress, promoting cell survival and proliferation, and enhancing osteogenesis. Furthermore, animal experiments demonstrated that the composite hydrogels were able to inhibit the inflammatory response, regulate macrophage polarization, and facilitate the healing of bone defects. These findings indicate that a multi-pronged strategy is greatly expected to promote the bone healing by modulating pathological microenvironments.
... Based on these findings, calcium citrate should be considered the preferred choice, even in patients with achlorhydria, a common condition in the elderly, as well as in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease or absorption disorders. Calcium citrate supplements should also be recommended for individuals treated with H2-antagonists or proton pump inhibitors [6]. Furthermore, individuals residing in assisted healthcare facilities and those engaged in work activities that make it difficult to consume calcium with meals should use calcium citrate, as it can be taken with or without food [7]. ...
Background
Osteoporosis is a common concern in the elderly that leads to fragile bones. Calcium supplementation plays a crucial role in improving bone health, reducing fracture risk, and supporting overall skeletal strength in this vulnerable population. However, there is conflicting evidence on the safety of calcium supplements in elderly individuals.
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the adherence, safety and tolerability of calcium citrate supplementation in elderly osteopenic subjects.
Methods
In this non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study, subjects received daily 500 mg calcium citrate supplementation for up to one year. Adherence was calculated based on compliance and persistence. Safety was assessed through adverse reactions (ARs), deaths, and clinical laboratory evaluations.
Results
A total of 268 Caucasian subjects (91.4% female, mean age 70 ± 4.5 years) participated in the study. Mean adherence to treatment was 76.6 ± 29.5% and half of subjects had an adherence of 91% and ~ 33% of participants achieved complete (100%) adherence. ARs were reported by nine (3.9%) subjects, primarily gastrointestinal disorders, with no serious ARs. The frequency of all adverse events (including ARs) was significantly higher in subjects with adherence of < 80% (41.6%; 32/77) vs. those with adherence ≥ 80% (11%; 16/145, p < 0.0001). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased from baseline to follow-up visit (change of -2.8 ± 13.9 mmHg, p = 0.0102 and -2.1 ± 10.4 mmHg, p = 0.0116, respectively).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated favorable adherence to calcium citrate supplementation in elderly osteopenic subjects. The occurrence of ARs, though generally mild, were associated with lower adherence to calcium supplementation.
... Therefore, supplementation may help the older population meet the dietary requirements. In order to overcome deficiencies in vitamin B12, vitamin D and calcium, which frequently occur in this population, many countries recommend supplementation of the aforementioned vitamins and minerals for the elderly [47]. Surprisingly, older people do not consume DSs for nutritional reasons as a priority but to boost their immunity [48] and for "treatment" reasons [49], which is particularly related to the health of specific body organs [50]. ...
Dietary (food) supplements (DSs) have seen a sharp increase in use and popularity in recent years. Information on DS consumption is vital for national nutrition monitoring. The objective of this study was to investigate whether DS intake was reported in the National Nutrition Surveys (NNSs) in all European countries. NNSs reporting DS use were retrieved via literature review (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus), scientific and organizational publications (EFSA), or open-published government and other official reports. Included were the European NNSs referring to adults, published in English, French, or German, post-2000. Out of the 53 European countries, 30 recorded DS intake. Among them, related findings on the percentage of DS intake were published in 21 cases, 5 of them written in the local language. DS use varied by nation, with Finland and Denmark having the greatest (over 50%) and Italy having the lowest percentage (5%). In terms of comprehensive reported data on DS consumption in Europe and the investigation of the contribution of DSs to total nutrient intake, there is a need for improvement. Common DS categories should be defined upon agreement among the involved scientific parties to allow for comparable data and estimations between surveys.
... Most calcium (about 65%) is absorbed at pH 6.5-7.5. It should be noted that calcium is not absorbed from the stomach [46]. In order to cross the intestinal barrier, calcium must be in soluble form, generally ionized (Ca 2+ ) or bound to a soluble organic molecule. ...
To determine the potential bioavailability of macroelements (Ca, Mg, P, K), probiotic ice cream samples (Lactaseibacillus paracasei L-26, Lactobacillus casei 431, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Lactaseibacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12) from sheep’s milk with inulin, apple fiber and inulin, or apple fiber and control samples were submitted to in vitro digestion in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. The bioavailability of calcium in the ice cream samples ranged from 40.63% to 54.40%, whereas that of magnesium was 55.64% to 44.42%. The highest bioavailability of calcium and magnesium was shown for the control samples. However, adding 4% inulin reduced the bioavailability of calcium by about 3–5% and magnesium only by about 5–6%. Adding 4% apple fiber reduced the bioavailability of calcium by as much as 6–12% and magnesium by 7–8%. The highest bioavailability of calcium was determined in ice cream with L. paracasei, and the highest bioavailability of magnesium was determined in ice cream with L. casei. The bioavailability of phosphorus in ice cream ranged from 47.82% to 50.94%. The highest bioavailability of phosphorus (>50%) was in sheep ice cream fermented by B. animalis. In the control ice cream, the bioavailability of potassium was about 60%. In ice cream with inulin, the bioavailability of potassium was lower by 3–4%, and in ice cream with apple fiber, the bioavailability of potassium was lower by up to 6–9%. The bioavailability of potassium was significantly influenced only by the addition of dietary fiber. The results of the study confirmed the beneficial effect of bacteria on the bioavailability of Ca, Mg and P.
... Соли кальция имеют разную биодоступность. Абсорбция цитрата кальция в среднем на 24% выше, чем карбоната кальция, независимо от приема пищи [35]. ...
Aim: Highlight the known pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), the possibilities of nutritional support in patients with PMS. Key points. PMS is a complex of psychological, behavioral and physical symptoms that has a significant impact on a woman's quality of life. The etiology and pathogenesis of PMS are complicated and not fully understood. There is association with imbalance of neurotransmitters and their receptors sensitivity. Nutrients are cofactors in hormonal synthesis and neurotransmitters. Long-term therapies are linked with substantial adverse effects which may reduce adherence to treatment. Nutritional supplements allow to improve compliance in patients with PMS. Conclusion. PMS is a disease characterized by numerous of clinical manifestations. Nutritional supplements have broad and specific actions, which makes them suitable for use as a nutritional support for the correction of PMS symptoms in patients with various clinical portraits. Keywords: premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, nutrients.
... Calcium is not completely free of problems, with the possibility to cause cardiovascular complications [1] . Combination of Vitamin D with calcium has been shown to be far too low to exert any remarkable pharmacological effect [2] . Therefore, Vitamin D needs to be considered independently. ...
... The absorption of Ca 2+ in the intestine mainly depends on the staying time in the intestine and the solubility of Ca 2+ . However, the duodenum is the site with the greatest solubility of Ca 2+ (52). The rate of Ca 2+ absorption in the intestine is as follows: duodenum > jejunum > ileum (53). ...
This study intended to explore the effect and mechanism of different doses of dietary quercetin on calcium and phosphorus metabolism to provide an experimental basis for preventing leg disease in broilers. A total of 480 1-day-old healthy Arbor Acre broilers were randomly allotted into four groups (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06%) for 42 days. Compared with control, 0.06% quercetin significantly increased the unit weight and the relative weight of tibia in broilers (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, phosphorus content and bone mineral density (BMD) were significantly increased by 0.06% dietary quercetin supplementation in tibia (P < 0.05). Ash of tibia was significantly increased by 0.04 and 0.06% quercetin in broilers (P < 0.05). In addition, 0.06% quercetin significantly increased the content of serum calcium-binding protein (CB), estradiol (E2), osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and calcitonin (CT) (P < 0.05); 0.04% quercetin significantly increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) (P < 0.05) content in serum of broilers. The content of serum parathyroid (PTH) was significantly decreased by 0.02 and 0.06% quercetin (P < 0.05) in broilers. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the Wnt signaling pathway was a key signaling pathway of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in broilers which was significantly regulated by quercetin. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from transcriptome sequencing were validated with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In conclusion, 0.06% dietary quercetin supplementation improved calcium and phosphorus metabolism by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway in broilers.
... The US NIH (National Institute of Health) recommends a dietary intake for most adults of 600 IU of vitamin D a day [59]. Care should be taken with the co-administration of vitamin D and calcium supplements [60]. Vitamin D supplements are well tolerated, but the co-administration of calcium can lead to excessive intestinal calcium absorption and hypercalcemia [59]. ...
... Hypercalcemia, in turn, can lead to gastrointestinal disorders, excessive thirst and dehydration, polyuria, and kidney stones [59]. Calcium supplementation of 500 mg per day has been found to be adequate for most patients with a recent fracture [60][61][62]. ...
Introduction
Several pharmacological drugs have shown proof of concept for longevity in animal models. I aimed to identify and review those longevity drug candidates that are undergoing clinical trials.
Areas covered
Recent (post-2017) longevity clinical trials were found in US and EU clinical trial registries. Longevity drug candidates are the antidiabetic drugs metformin and acarbose, and the immunosuppressant rapamycin. These medicinal drugs are tested on biochemical and clinical markers of aging. In addition, vitamin D supplementation is being investigated in two mega-trials (sample size> 5000) for its efficacy in reducing all-cause mortality.
Expert opinion
Anti-aging effects of longevity drug candidates suggest, but do not demonstrate that they prolong life. The two megatrials with vitamin D supplementation make it possible to detect differences in life expectancy between vitamin D and placebo. Therefore, a protocol similar to that for vitamin D could be used to demonstrate pro-longevity effects of metformin, acarbose, and rapamycin.
... The mechanisms involved may be via modification of calcium through urine extraction, the intestines carry out for the calcium process and bone homeostasis. An adequate calcium intake and vitamin D supplementation is recommended in guidelines on osteoporosis and fracture prevention [3][4][5]. ...
Background
Vitamin D and calcium are essential dietary components for human body, and their deficiency is linked to poor bone health and osteoporosis. Adequate knowledge of health staff regarding vitamin D and calcium is critical for general population awareness. The current work was to evaluate the awareness regarding the importance of vitamin D and calcium among undergraduate health science students in Al Kharj.MethodsA self-distributed validated questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Undergraduate health science students in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University from the College of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Dentistry, and College of Applied Medical Science were included in the study. Students between the age of 18 and 25 years have participated in the study.ResultsFour hundred fifty-seven undergraduate health science students participated in the study. The vast majority of students knew about the importance of calcium (96.7%) and vitamin D (95.4%), whereas only 89.4% knew about osteoporosis. The participant students reported in their answers that the sources of knowledge were the Internet (42.8%), physicians (41.5%), textbooks (21.2%), teachers (19.1%), family and relatives (18.3%), and/or other sources (6.1%). The overall attitude was poor in about (54%) of the participants showing gender differences regarding sun-exposure duration and supplementation of calcium and vitamin D.Conclusion
The study revealed that both male and female undergraduate health science students in Al Kharj were familiar with the importance of vitamin D and calcium; however they reported improper attitude that warrants further health guidance and educational programs.
