Figure - available from: Global Pediatric Health
This content is subject to copyright.
Clinical presentation of salmon patch (A), port wine stain (B), and large segmental facial hemangioma in PHACEs syndrome (C).
Source publication
The majority of neonatal cutaneous conditions are benign and self-limited. However, some skin infections and specific birthmarks are serious and require proper management approaches. This study was a prospective survey of 1000 consecutive newborns at a tertiary care center in Northeast Thailand from September 2015 to 2016, which aimed to identify v...
Similar publications
Background: Neonatal skin diseases occur in almost every newborn baby. Many are transient, involute rapidly and require no management. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the incidence and characterization of early and late onset of various skin diseases in the neonates. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out...
Citations
... The number and melanin of melanocytes and their deepness in the skin are significant factors for color. [5,6] Previously, MS has been considered benign and usually fades away with time, but current studies have proposed that it is related to different disorders such as inborn errors of metabolism (IRM) and neurocristopathies. The disorder "neurocristopathy" is characterized by deformities in neural crest location, differentiation, and growth. ...
A BSTRACT
Background
Mongolian Spots (MS) generally exist at the time or under the first few weeks of the neonate life-cycle, often considered a birthmark, characterized by hyper-pigmented marks especially bluish-black hue that cannot vanish easily and are generally found on the lumbosacral region. As this MS is reminiscent of bruises and appears to be caused by abuse, this may raise questions about the possibility of abuse. Hence, it is significant to identify MS bruises. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of MS in neonates by using the parameters like location, method of delivery, gestational age, and, weight at birth.
Methodology
500 neonates were enrolled in the study for the evaluation of the prevalence of Mongolian spots. The study design was cross-sectional, observational, and conducted for two and a half years. The neonate’s whole skin surface, including the hand palms, scalps and soles, mucous membranes, genitalia, hair, and nails, was inspected in adequate light. The changes were seen (physiological and pathological) over the skin, so the details were reviewed, analyzed, and documented. Photographic records were kept to document the study. Descriptive statistics were analyzed by t -test and Chi-square test and the inferential statistics were analyzed by proportions and Chi-square test.
Results
From the 500 neonates, 408 (81.6%) were reported to have Mongolian spots. Based on the site of locations 337 (82.60%) neonates were found with spots maximum on the sacrococcygeal area and rarely on the extremities 4 (0.98%). 221 (54.1%) were found with normal vaginal delivery, and males have more predominance 247 (60%). Based on the gestational age full term was 366 (89.71%), with the birth at a weight of more than 2.5 kg found in 349 (85.54%).
Conclusion
The study concluded that the maximum number of neonates had been found with Mongolian spots and it is very common among neonates. This study will enlighten the awareness of the physician to distinguish the other lesions from other cutaneous skin conditions. The only drawbacks of this research study are a smaller sample size and limited study duration. The study of diameter, size, and dimensions of spots are not included. More intervention studies are required to compare MS with other skin conditions and their therapies. Further research is required for the study of the dimensions of marks on the neonate’s body.
... Birth defects are structural anomalies present at birth, whereas birthmarks are cutaneous conditions that can be present at birth or manifest in the first weeks or months of life. 1,2,3 Little is known about the etiology of birth defects and birthmarks; the main hypothesis is genetic, chromosomal, environmental, and multifactorial causes. 4 Orofacial clefts represent two-thirds of the birth defects in the head and neck, and vascular malformationsone of the commonest causes of birthmarkshave a preference for the head and neck region. ...
Objective:
This systematic review compiles published information on subjects with head or neck birth defects or birthmarks in which past-life memories were alleged.
Data sources:
Electronic searches were done in April 2022 in the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO.
Study selection:
References of the included studies and the gray literature were searched. Our sample included six studies reporting 19 cases of birthmarks and birth defects in the head and neck region with alleged past-life memories.
Data extraction:
The features of the lesions varied, and their size ranged between 0.5 to 12 cm. All the cases had interviews with the family of the deceased person and the family of the child with the birthmarks, and nine of them included some type of verified official report.
Data synthesis:
The strength of the evidence in the cases was analyzed using the strength-of-evidence scale.
Conclusion:
This study showed that birthmarks and birth defects in the head and neck region occurred mostly in male children, with the possibility of these marks being caused by the fatal injury of the alleged personality. The literature lacks new cases with high strength of evidence, emphasizing the need for further primary studies.
... Most of these cutaneous abnormalities are benign; therefore, no intervention is necessary right away. However, some birthmarks and skin infections can be significant and need to be managed appropriately (1). Birthmarks are quite prevalent, and the majority of them are harmless. ...
Birthmarks are a common presentation among newborns and the majority do not require any medical intervention. However, vascular anomalies, which are an umbrella of diverse pathological conditions require special attention for a multitude of factors. Vascular anomalies lesions can appear at any stage of development, including prenatal, perinatal, and childhood. They are broadly classified as vascular malformations and vascular tumours. While many lesions have a straightforward natural course, more complex, extensive, or progressive lesions can pose a threat to life due to mass effects and severe complications including haemorrhage, or high-volume arteriovenous shunting. Infantile haemangioma, congenital haemangioma, and kaposiform hemangioendothelioma are the sub-classifications of vascular tumours, with infantile haemangioma being the most prevalent. Depending on the nature, location, extent, and accompanying manifestations of the tumour, there are several management options for vascular tumours, including conservative methods, pharmacological therapy, and surgical intervention. Low-flow and high-flow lesions are two subcategories of vascular malformations. Capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformations are examples of low-flow lesions, while arteriovenous malformations, a highly varied set of lesions that can present in a number of ways, are classified under high-flow lesions. Endovascular or surgical obliteration is the basis of treatment for these dynamic lesions. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about birthmarks and vascular anomalies in children; classification, diagnosis, and management.
... They are also the most common transient neonatal skin conditions which present as solitary or numerous, irregularly shaped, non-blanching macules to patches with varying shades of blue-green, gray, or blue-black, discoloration [1,2]. They can be present at birth or appear later during the first few weeks of life [1][2][3][4]. The pigmentary appearance of MS is due to the scattering of colors of shorter wavelength to the epidermis. ...
... Historically, MS have been thought to be benign but in recent time evidence of their association, especially of extensive and persistent MS, with numerous dis- Mongolian spots (MS) are solitary or numerous, irregularly shaped non-blanching macules to patches with varying shades of blue-green, gray, or blueblack discoloration [1,2]. MS are usually transient and arise from the physiological developmental processes in the skin [3]. They are either present at birth or appear within the first few weeks of life. ...
... They usually fade during first few years of life. MS with persistence beyond their physiological duration, increased number, atypical pigmentation, larger size, and their presence in the extra-sacral region have been found to be associated with fatal disorders of inherited inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) [1][2][3][4][5]. Herein, we are presenting the case of extensive MS in a 15-month-old female child. ...
... Colloquially, the lesions on the forehead and eyelids are known as angel's kisses and the ones in the occipital area as stork bite marks (Leung et al., 2014). (Techasatian, 2019), etc. ...
There is a universally acknowledged truth that the medical lexis is largely composed of Greco-Latin vocabulary. There is also a general assumption that health professionals supposedly possess no other relevant linguistic means but the Greco-Latin terms to communicate clinically specific information. In a postmodernist approach, however, there is an ‘assault’ on this dogmatic view. To the postmodern eye, the truth is pluralistic; diverting opinions are embraced when constructing this truth. And if postmodernist approach welcomes pluralism and open-mindedness in composing this information, then health professionals may well construct the evidence-based information through various linguistic devices, rather than relying exclusively on fixed terminology and concepts of Latin and Greek origin. This means that the evidence-based medical and clinical information may be communicated, inter alia, by such constructs as metaphors and metaphoric expressions.
... Skin of the term newborn should be evaluated for the lesions which are mostly benign and transitory, but in rare occasions they may be suggestive of congenital skin abnormality or other underlying disease [111,216]. The skin of the newborn is covered with vernix caseosa, cottage cheese resembling substance protecting the skin from amniotic fluid, disappearing with gestational age, and in term infants usually located in the neck skin folds, in the inguinal region ( Fig. 55.6) or axillae, on the back of the knees, and in front of ankles [134,135,245]. ...
... The most often appearing benign skin lesions are pink-red vascular malformations called naevus simplex or salmon patch, angel kiss, or stork bite, located on the upper eyelids, upper lip, middle of the forehead (between the eyebrows at the base of the nose - Fig. 55.8), or the nape of the neck. The lesions are benign and most of them fade in early childhood [111,216]. Milia are small white papules on the nose or cheeks (Fig. 55.9) with the retention of sebaceous material and keratin in the pilaceous follicles, resolving in the neonatal period [111,216]. Miliaria look similar to the milia, but they are caused by obstruction of the eccrine gland duct, appearing as vesicles located in the intertriginous areas (neck, axillae, cloth-covered truncal areas) which have a tendency to rupture with the following desquamation [111,216]. ...
... The lesions are benign and most of them fade in early childhood [111,216]. Milia are small white papules on the nose or cheeks (Fig. 55.9) with the retention of sebaceous material and keratin in the pilaceous follicles, resolving in the neonatal period [111,216]. Miliaria look similar to the milia, but they are caused by obstruction of the eccrine gland duct, appearing as vesicles located in the intertriginous areas (neck, axillae, cloth-covered truncal areas) which have a tendency to rupture with the following desquamation [111,216]. No treatment is needed for milia and miliaria as selflimited conditions. ...
Unlike other species in the nature, the human offspring and the birthing mother are protected institutionally by the whole society. This protection has to be in line with the natural rules and laws as much as possible in order to preserve natural evolutionary potentials of the human race. This means that the human race should make efforts to remain the part of the natural circle throughout the life cycle. Caring for the normal healthy newborn is particularly important on that track. Caregivers should use as much as possible the intrinsic potential of the mother and her newborn baby to preserve their health, with salutogenic approach and by strengthening their resilience. In this chapter you will find some answers connecting prenatal environment with postnatal life, with influence of birthing process on the neonate and its transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life, with initiation of breastfeeding immediately after birth. The importance of microbiome for human health is discussed and emphasized. Postnatal assessment of the newborn should enable one to find what may interfere with the natural process of transition. This approach includes provision of care minimizing medicalization and iatrogenic intervention, with the promotion and enhancement of positive state of health.
... Several of these are transient and physiological, but some may require additional workup to exclude serious disorders. [22], [25], [2], [24]. Many studies about the prevalence of neonatal dermatoses have been documented in various countries and different racial groups. ...
... In 32% of neonates, Milia was observed similarly with other studies whose reported incidence of 2.6-7.3% [8], [16], [3] while was 16.5% in oher study [22] while another study demonstrate 40-50% [26]. In Iranian neonates, pigmentary birthmarks were the most frequent skin manifestation with a frequency of Mongolian blue spots of 71.3% [10] while [22] detect 66.7%. ...
... [8], [16], [3] while was 16.5% in oher study [22] while another study demonstrate 40-50% [26]. In Iranian neonates, pigmentary birthmarks were the most frequent skin manifestation with a frequency of Mongolian blue spots of 71.3% [10] while [22] detect 66.7%. Furthermore, the Mongolian spot was the most frequent birthmark found among Thai neonates [23]. ...
... Skin of the term newborn should be evaluated for the lesions which are mostly benign and transitory, but in rare occasions they may be suggestive of congenital skin abnormality or other underlying disease [111,216]. The skin of the newborn is covered with vernix caseosa, cottage cheese resembling substance protecting the skin from amniotic fluid, disappearing with gestational age, and in term infants usually located in the neck skin folds, in the inguinal region ( Fig. 55.6) or axillae, on the back of the knees, and in front of ankles [134,135,245]. ...
... The most often appearing benign skin lesions are pink-red vascular malformations called naevus simplex or salmon patch, angel kiss, or stork bite, located on the upper eyelids, upper lip, middle of the forehead (between the eyebrows at the base of the nose - Fig. 55.8), or the nape of the neck. The lesions are benign and most of them fade in early childhood [111,216]. Milia are small white papules on the nose or cheeks (Fig. 55.9) with the retention of sebaceous material and keratin in the pilaceous follicles, resolving in the neonatal period [111,216]. Miliaria look similar to the milia, but they are caused by obstruction of the eccrine gland duct, appearing as vesicles located in the intertriginous areas (neck, axillae, cloth-covered truncal areas) which have a tendency to rupture with the following desquamation [111,216]. ...
... The lesions are benign and most of them fade in early childhood [111,216]. Milia are small white papules on the nose or cheeks (Fig. 55.9) with the retention of sebaceous material and keratin in the pilaceous follicles, resolving in the neonatal period [111,216]. Miliaria look similar to the milia, but they are caused by obstruction of the eccrine gland duct, appearing as vesicles located in the intertriginous areas (neck, axillae, cloth-covered truncal areas) which have a tendency to rupture with the following desquamation [111,216]. No treatment is needed for milia and miliaria as selflimited conditions. ...
... 3 Most of these conditions are physiological, benign, and transient, thus do not require therapy. 4 Nevertheless, they are frequently a cause of concern to parents, who need reassurance about its nature. ...
... 15 Salmon patches arise from dilations of capillaries within the dermis, which may result from persistent fetal circulation in newborns. 4 Clinically, they present as pink or red irregular macules, which may become confluent ( Figure 2A). ...
Neonatal cutaneous alterations are common, usually appearing at birth or during the first few days of life. Most of these conditions are physiological, benign, and transient, arising from a combination of immaturity of the newborn skin with environmental factors. Nonetheless, some of them may eventually be a clue to underlying disorders. Physicians should therefore be aware of these clinical manifestations so that parents can be reassured and, when necessary, complementary investigations can be undertaken.
... The present study found 1 case of collodion baby (0.2%) and 1 case of epidermal nevus (0.2%), classified as miscellaneous skin lesion in the present study. These results are comparable to the findings of the recent study that assessed the frequency of skin lesions in the newborns in Thai neonates by Techasatian et al. 7 The mentioned study revealed that Mongolian patches (66.7%) and sebaceous gland hyperplasia (60.9%) were the 2 most common. This similarity in the findings from the present study may be due the fact that the Thailand populations' race is close to the Lao populations' race. ...
... Previous study revealed a significant correlation of some cutaneous findings (milia and sebaceous gland hyperplasia) and the maturity of the newborns. 7 In the present study; however, enrolled participants were all term neonates, thus, no correlation regarding maturity can be tested. We tried to use another possible parameter such as birth weight of above and less than 2500 g to test for a correlation between the cutaneous findings. ...
Newborn skin disorders are quite common and happen to occur during the neonatal period. Most of the birthmarks are transient; however, worried parents often seek medical advice from their child’s physician regarding skin lesions. Thus, it is important to differentiate the skin lesions from pathologic ones to avoid unnecessary diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. This is the first published study in Lao neonates that carried out the data from 4 central hospitals in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR from September 2019 to February 2020. Among 500 neonates, Sebaceous gland hyperplasia (53%), Mongolian patches (46.6%), and Erythema toxicum neonatorum (30%) were the 3 most common cutaneous conditions found in the Lao newborns. From a clinical point of view, these findings are often a source of parental anxiety and medical concern for inexperienced clinicians.
