Table 3 - uploaded by Claus Bo Svendsen
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The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is still largely unknown. The generally accepted theory is that genetically predisposed individuals develop the sarcoid disease reaction as a response to one or more unknown antigen(s). A single study by Nilsson et al has related the development of sarcoidosis to an infection with Rickettsia helvetica. The aim of thi...
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Citations
... R. helvetica a été détectée chez I. ricinus dans au moins 24 pays européens. Le caractère pathogène de R. helvetica reste encore discuté (Svendsen 2011). Les infections humaines par R. helvetica sont surtout basées sur un diagnostic sérologique et parfois sur des outils moléculaires ont été décrites en Autriche, France, Danemark, Suisse et Slovaquie (Parola et al. 2005;Nilsson 2009;Sekeyova et al. 2012). ...
Les maladies à tiques posent un problème majeur que se soit du point de vue de la santé animale ou de la santé humaine. Parmi ces pathologies, la borréliose de Lyme est la maladie à transmission vectorielle la plus fréquente de l’Hémisphère Nord et, en France, l’Alsace représente l’une des régions avec la plus forte incidence. Ce travail de thèse a eu pour objectif d’évaluer les densités en nymphes ainsi que les taux d’infection à Borrelia burgdorferi sl et Anaplasma phagocytophilum dans cette région. Nous avons comparé nos résultats à ceux établis dans cette même région en 2003 et 2004. De plus nous avons étudié les facteurs environnementaux potentiellement responsables de la variabilité inter-site de la densité en nymphes et également cartographié le risque de borréliose de Lyme en Alsace. Notre travail, qui pour l’instant a été conduit en Alsace, tend à s’étendre à d’autres régions de France. Il nous paraît pertinent de poursuivre les études de terrains sur certains sites pris en compte dans ce travail de façon à objectiver les tendances observées dans notre région.
... The spotted fever syndrome is caused by at least 15 different Rickettsia species, some of which are transmitted by I. ricinus (Heyman et al. 2010). Rickettsia conorii and R. monacensis are probably the most common tick-borne Rickettsiae to cause disease in Europe (Heyman et al. 2010), whereas the pathogenicity of R. helvetica is still questionable (Svendsen 2011). All three rickettsial species have been previously found in The Netherlands ) with local prevalences varying from <1 % (R. conorii) to as high as 66 % (R. helvetica). ...
... The spotted fever syndrome is caused by at least 15 different Rickettsia species, some of which are transmitted by I. ricinus (Heyman et al., 2010). Rickettsia conorii and R. monacensis are probably the most common tick-borne Rickettsiae to cause disease in Europe (Heyman et al., 2010), whereas the pathogenicity of R. helvetica is still questionable (Svendsen, 2011). All three rickettsial species have been previously found in The Netherlands ) with local prevalences varying from <1% (R. conorii) to as high as 66% (R. helvetica). ...
Ixodes ricinus transmits Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiological agent of Lyme disease. Previous studies have also detected Rickettsia helvetica, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, and several Babesia species in questing ticks in The Netherlands. In this study, we assessed the acarological risk of exposure to several tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), in The Netherlands. Questing ticks were collected monthly between 2006 and 2010 at 21 sites and between 2000 and 2009 at one other site. Nymphs and adults were analysed individually for the presence of TBPs using an array-approach. Collated data of this and previous studies were used to generate, for each pathogen, a presence/absence map and to further analyse their spatiotemporal variation. R. helvetica (31.1%) and B. burgdorferi sensu lato (11.8%) had the highest overall prevalence and were detected in all areas. N. mikurensis (5.6%), A. phagocytophilum (0.8%), and Babesia spp. (1.7%) were detected in most, but not all areas. The prevalences of pathogens varied among the study areas from 0 to 64%, while the density of questing ticks varied from 1 to 179/100 m². Overall, 37% of the ticks were infected with at least one pathogen and 6.3% with more than one pathogen. One-third of the Borrelia-positive ticks were infected with at least one other pathogen. Coinfection of B. afzelii with N. mikurensis and with Babesia spp. occurred significantly more often than single infections, indicating the existence of mutual reservoir hosts. Alternatively, coinfection of R. helvetica with either B. afzelii or N. mikurensis occurred significantly less frequent. The diversity of TBPs detected in I. ricinus in this study and the frequency of their coinfections with B. burgdorferi s.l., underline the need to consider them when evaluating the risks of infection and subsequently the risk of disease following a tick bite.
