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Objective: To Assess the correlation between different quality analysis parameters of trabecular pattern in digital panoramic radiographies and relations with forearm bone mass density (BMD) performed by DXA. Methods: The study was developed using panoramic and peripheral bone densitometry dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of 68 patients, 9 ma...
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Context 1
... measurements of the total sample based on T-score value for the three sites and the average of these values for each patient. It may be noted that only 26 patients have correlation between the three values: Proximal radio = osteopenia, proximal radius plus ulna = osteopenia and distal of radius plus ulna = osteopenia, or 38.2% of the sample ( Table 2). HORNER et al. 2002 [10] considered that any measure with standard deviation below or equal to −1 classify the patient in the group of patients with low bone mass, or possessed of some risk for os- teoporosis, and consequently the fracture risk. ...
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Purpose
This study proposes a new ball-type phantom for evaluation of the image layer of panoramic radiography.
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To investigate the distribution and characteristics of the lumbar intervertebral disc height (IDH) in asymptomatic Asian population and to determine whether the lumbar IDH is related to the lumbar spine sagittal alignment.
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Cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) has been widely used in dental implanting. However, the local hospitals usually don’t have access to CBCT due to the cost and medical investment, especially in West of China. The doctors in local hospitals have to make reasonable dental planting using orthopantomography (OPG) to reduce risks. Ther...
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A dentist always checks a patient by using panoramic radiography (PR) initially. The measurement of the minimal distance (MD) between the alveolar crest and the mandibular canal (MC) superior border is critically important before the dental implant surgery, extraction of 3rd molar teeth or any surgery in the posterior area of minimal d...
Citations
... [19] Few studies have been performed to assess the effectiveness of CBCT in evaluating bone density and correlating it with DXA or t-score values. [20] Grey level values in patients with deficient Vitamin D levels were substantially lower in the current study than values in patients with sufficient and insufficient Vitamin D levels. This is consistent with the findings of both Sghaireen and Al Habib, Barngkgei et al., who proposed that measuring bone density with CBCT can predict osteoporosis. ...
Introduction
Early dental implant failure (EDIF) can occur even when optimal materials are used, surgical protocols are strictly followed and the quantity and quality of bone at the recipient site are sufficient. The existence of specific patient-related risk factors require an investigation into the regulatory mechanisms controlling bone metabolism, bone remodelling and bone turnover as well as serum Vitamin D. The implant stability quotient is used as a prognostic indicator for possible implant failure. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between serum Vitamin D levels and EDIF.
Materials and Methods
A total of 143 implant placement sites were identified in 53 patients enrolled in this study. All patients had the assessments of serum Vitamin D levels side by side with assessments of primary and secondary implant stability at proposed implant sites at the time of implant placement and after 12 weeks using a resonance frequency analysis device.
Results
Ten early failures (7%) were recorded. There was no correlation between gender, age, smoking, hyperglycaemia or an increased incidence of early failures. Statistical analysis reported two early failures (4.5%) in patients with serum levels of Vitamin D >30 ng/mL, two early failures (2.3%) in patients with levels between 10 and 30 ng/mL and six early failures (46.2%) in patients with levels <10 ng/mL.
Discussion
The role of Vitamin D as a risk factor for early implant failure should be considered in patients with Vitamin D deficiency. The incidence of early implant failures was higher in patients with low serum levels of Vitamin D. Patients with low serum Vitamin D levels had a greater rate of early implant failure.
... Bone density assessment methods are more commonly used in the analysis of bone quality in osteoporosis and in the evaluation of marginal bone around implants. 22,23 In the present study, bone density was evaluated by measuring the PI for a desired ROI. This study appears to be unique in that it examined bone density in the marginal bone beneath the overhangs. ...
This study aimed to investigate the marginal bone changes beneath overhanging restorations. The study group consisted of 250 archived panoramic radiographs that had at least one overhanging restoration, examined by two observers. The distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the marginal bone crest beneath the overhang was measured with ImageJ software. The same distance was measured from the control sites (the intact surface of the same tooth with overhang, and the same tooth on the contralateral side) to assess bone loss. To evaluate bone density, two regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen: one in the marginal bone beneath the overhang, and the other was in the marginal bone adjacent to the intact surface of the same tooth. Wilcoxon paired t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparisons (P < .05). The prevalence of overhangs was 4.3%. Molar teeth (80.8%) and the disto-occlusal cavities (54%) were the most common sites for overhangs. The average bone loss beneath the overhangs was 2.77 ± 1.20 mm, which was significantly different from the control sites (P < .05). The bone density beneath the overhang was significantly lower than at control sites (P < .05). The frequency of overhangs was higher in areas that are difficult to reach, and the height and density of the marginal bone beneath the overhang were decreased compared to control sites.
... Although these structures cannot be considered true geometric fractals because their property of self-similarity does not extend to infinity, it is possible to define it, to a certain degree, where the concept of repetition is limited to a biologically relevant spatial scale window [41]. The use of fractal dimension for X-ray image analysis has focused on the study of bone tissue [42,43], but examples of its use can be observed in a wide variety of clinical settings such as brain structures analysis [44] or vascular patterns studies [45]. However, the application of the fractal dimension for pneumonia detection in X-ray image has seldom been explored [46]. ...
Fast and accurate diagnosis is essential for the triage and management of pneumonia, particularly in the current scenario of a COVID-19 epidemic outbreak, where this pathology is a major symptom. With the objective of providing tools for that purpose, this work assesses the potential of three textural image characterisation methods: radiomics, fractal dimension and the recently developed superpixel-based histon, as biomarkers to be used for training Artificial Intelligence (AI) models in order to detect pneumonia in chest X-ray images. Models generated from three different AI algorithms have been studied: K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine and Random Forest. Two different open access image datasets are used in this study. On the first one, a dataset composed of paediatric images, the best generated models achieve ana 83.3% accuracy with 89% sensitivity for radiomics, 89.9% accuracy with 93.6% sensitivity for fractal dimension and 91.3% accuracy with 90.5% sensitivity for superpixels based histon. On the second one, a dataset derived from an image repository developed primarily as a tool for the study of COVID-19 has been used. For this dataset, the best generate models results in a 95.3% accuracy with 99.2% sensitivity for radiomics, 99% accuracy with 100% sensitivity for fractal dimension and 99% accuracy with 98.6% sensitivity for superpixels based histon.
... Panoramic radiography is highlighted in this context because it is frequently taken in the dental office; it is rapid and low cost and uses low dose of radiation. 2 With recent advances in digital technology, image analysis has become an essential part of several research areas from nanotechnology to neuroscience. 3 FD analysis using digital orthopantomograms (OPGs) is a novel method, which can be used for early diagnosis of bony invasion by oral cancer. ...
Introduction Fractal dimension (FD) analysis gives a numerical measure of the degree of boundary irregularity or surface roughness of an object and is based on quantitative analysis of features in an image. It quantifies the trabecular pattern of bone by analyzing the trabecular bone and bone marrow detecting the early changes in alveolar bone mineral content. The aim of this study is to assess the alveolar bone density by FD analysis in digital orthopantomograms (OPGs) showing bony erosion.
Materials and Methods The OPGs of 10 patients from the archives of Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were included in this retrospective study. The radiographs were selected based on set inclusion and exclusion criteria. FD analysis through box counting (using ImageJ software) was applied to the digital radiographs to establish a noninvasive evaluation of bone structure. The FD values obtained were recorded.
Results The FD values were recorded and the data were analyzed. FD values showed statistical significance with p < 0.05.
Conclusion With the number of samples analyzed and the results obtained, it can be concluded that FD analysis is an innovative method which can be used for early diagnosis of bony invasion in oral cancer. It can serve as a guide to dental surgeons in identifying the extent of bony invasion and can help in determining the margins of surgical resection of oral malignancy. This will prove to be a useful tool in surgical planning of oral malignancy.
... This ROI was selected because it was the most appropriate site of the jaws for evaluating the fractal dimension on panoramic radiographs and is considered an optimal area for image-textural studies of bone quality [24]. Additionally, this region is devoid of anatomical superpositions (e.g., hyoid bone and ghost images) and muscular stress [25,26]. ...
Objectives
To assess the panoramic radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension in women with celiac disease.
Methods
The sample consisted of 20 women with celiac disease and 20 healthy women (control group). The mandibular cortical index classification, panoramic mandibular index, mental index, and fractal dimension were evaluated on panoramic radiographs. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test was used for comparison of the linear measurements and fractal dimension between the celiac and control groups, adopting a significance level of 5%
Results
There was no significant difference in panoramic radiomorphometric indices or fractal dimension between the celiac and control groups.
Conclusions
Panoramic radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension revealed no significant bone changes in women with celiac disease.
... 7 Some qualitative and quantitative indices, such as the mandibular cortical index, mandibular cortical thickness or mandibular panoramic index, use panoramic radiograph to assess the bone quality. 8 This study uses primary data in the form of panoramic radiographs. The population and sample of this study is male patients aged 5-35 years old who have done Dental Hospital Padjajaran University Panoramic Radiography at Dental Radiology Installation between January and February 2018. ...
... Panoramic radiomorphometric indices can be correlated and compare precision, sensitivity and specificity by analyses of fractal dimension (FD) for screening low bone mineral density (BMD) [12]. The authors highlighted the panoramic radiography in this context because it is commonly used as an initial dental examination. ...
The purposes of this report, " Multiple Radiographic Analysis (Systemic Disease), dental panoramic radiography " will be interpreted conditions which are spread out within the body rather than localized strictly to the tissues of the oral cavity. Our main goal is discussing different possibilities for analysis and research, highlighting a few different publications in this theme of study, using initial panoramic radiographic findings which have suggested widespread diseases of significance enough to affect the patient's longevity and quality of life.
A multifractal characterization to human dentin porosity is made. Micrographs of human dentin samples gotten from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were studied in order to characterize porosity. We got the generalized dimensions (multifractal moments) for pore space and matrix skeleton on gray scale and binary images for samples of both gender. For the case, we found that superficial porosity is linked to mass fractal dimension in an approximately linear relationship as for binary images. In addition, probability density distribution (PDD) for pore diameters is found a normal PDD type. Other quantities of interest like mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum pore diameters, voit ratios, and percentage of chemical composition are reported.
Research Highlights
SEM sample, images and procedure for multifractal analysis are detailed.
Micro patterns in grayscale are multifractal and in binary scale are monofractals.
Superficial porosity is relate to mass fractal dimension approximately linearly.
From the porosity values, voit ratios are determined.
Pores diameters obey a normal PDD.
Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems are frequently used to image bones for research purposes to investigate trabecular and cortical changes in bone disorders. A unique technique that may be used for the early diagnosis of bone lesions is fractal dimension (FD) analysis and bone architecture analysis using CBCT scans. Aim: To assess and compare the changes in trabecular bone architecture in fibro‑osseous lesions by bone image analysis and FD analysis in CBCT scans of fibro‑osseous lesions. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis included the CBCT scans of 25 patients from archival records of the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. As per specific exclusion and inclusion criteria, the radiographs were chosen. To establish a noninvasive assessment of the bone structure, CBCT scans were subjected to bone architecture analysis and FD analysis using box-counting (with ImageJ software). Results and Conclusions: The FD values and bone parameter values on the affected and the normal side will be recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 22. There was a statistically significant difference in the FD values between the normal and abnormal sides in all fibro‑osseous lesions. Five parameters in fibrous dysplasia showed a significant statistical difference in comparison to the normal and abnormal sides. It can be concluded that FD analysis provides a novel technique for the early detection of fibro‑osseous lesions
