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Classification of γδ T cells. In human, γδ T cells can be classified into Vδ1 T cells, Vδ1 T cells, and Vδ3 T cells. In mice, γδ T cells can be categorized into IFN-γγδ T cells and IL-17 γδ T cells. IFN-γ, interferon-γ.
Source publication
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells can effectively recognize and kill colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, thereby suppressing tumor progression via multiple mechanisms. They also have abilities to exert a protumor effect via secreting interleukin-17 (IL-17). γδ T cells have been selected as potential immunocytes for antitumor treatment because of their significan...
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Objective: This study aimed at the evaluation of pruritus and its intensity and aggravating factors in psoriatic patients with the assessment of its relation to interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression in psoriatic lesions. Methods: The study included 50 patients with psoriasis vulgaris. A questionnaire was used for the evaluation of pruritus and its effe...
Citations
... 35 Meanwhile gamma delta T cells can effectively recognize and kill CRC cells, thereby suppressing tumor progression. 36 High-density M2 macrophage infiltration is associated with poor survival in solid-organ tumors. 18 These cells have been implicated in tumor migration, invasion, and have been found to induce an attenuated antitumor immune response. ...
Mucinous colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common histological subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma, associated with a poor response to chemoradiotherapy. The commensal facultative anaerobes fusobacteria, have been associated with poor prognosis specifically in mesenchymal CRC. Interestingly, fusobacterial infection is especially prevalent in mucinous CRC. The objective of this study was therefore to increase our understanding of beneficial and detrimental effects of fusobacterial infection, by contrasting host cell signaling and immune responses in areas of high vs. low infection, using mucinous rectal cancer as a clinically relevant example. We employed spatial transcriptomic profiling of 106 regions of interest from 8 mucinous rectal cancer samples to study gene expression in the epithelial and immune segments across regions of high versus low fusobacterial infection. Fusobacteria high regions were associated with increased oxidative stress, DNA damage, and P53 signaling. Meanwhile regions of low fusobacterial prevalence were characterized by elevated JAK-STAT, Il-17, Il-1, chemokine and TNF signaling. Immune masks within fusobacterial high regions were characterized by elevated proportions of cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells (p = 0.037), natural killer (NK) cells (p < 0.001), B-cells (p < 0.001), and gamma delta T cells (p = 0.003). Meanwhile, fusobacteria low regions were associated with significantly greater M2 macrophage (p < 0.001), fibroblast (p < 0.001), pericyte (p = 0.002), and endothelial (p < 0.001) counts.
... They can effectively recognize and eliminate CRC cells, thereby inhibiting tumor progression through various mechanisms. However, they also have the potential to promote tumor growth by secreting interleukin-17 (IL-17), highlighting their complex role in the tumor microenvironment [33] . γδ T cells are recognized as potential immunotherapeutic agents in anti-tumor treatments due to their potent cytotoxic activity [34] . ...
Design
Cuproptosis, a novel copper-induced cell death mechanism dependent on mitochondrial respiration, has been identified. Despite its implications, the roles of cuproptosis-related genes in the prognosis and tumor microenvironment of colon cancer remain largely unexplored. This study aims to elucidate the prognostic and microenvironmental impacts of cuproptosis-related genes in colon cancer through comprehensive genetic and transcriptional analysis.
Methods
From four independent databases of TCGA and GEO datasets, we characterized the set of cuproptosis-related genes in 1124 colon cancer samples from the fields of genetics and transcription, and then evaluated their expression patterns. We identified two CRGclusters, and found that distinguishing clinicopathological features, prognosis, and tumor microenvironment cell infiltration characteristics were correlated with cuproptosis-related genes expression. Moreover, a predive risk score for overall-survival was established and its predictive capability in colon cancer patients was validated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curves. Subsequently, a nomogram was constructed to improve the clinical features of the risk cores.
Results
The two cuproptosis-related gene clusters exhibited distinct clinicopathological and prognostic profiles, with significant variations in tumor microenvironment cell infiltration. High-risk scores were associated with increased mutation burdens, high microsatellite instability, and elevated immune cell infiltration, suggesting enhanced responsiveness to immunotherapy. The nomogram demonstrated robust predictive capabilities, enhancing the prognostic assessments in clinical settings.
Conclusion
Our findings not only deepen the understanding of cuproptosis-related genes in colon cancer but also pave the way for new prognostic tools and more effective immunotherapeutic strategies, leveraging the unique aspects of the cuproptosis pathway.
... γδ T-cells represent 5-10% of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, but reach up to 50% of mucosal intra-epithelial T lymphocytes. With characteristics between innate and adaptive immunity, they participate in the first line of defence against pathogens and tumoural cells, currently being a source of study for the application of treatments in some types of tumours (Ma et al. 2020;Poggi and Zocchi 2014;Silva-Santos et al. 2019). Recently, we described a decrease in cytotoxic CD8+ γδ T-cells and an increase in apoptosis in all αβ and γδ T-cell subsets in patients with CC vs healthy subjects. ...
Many pathogens are related to carcinogenesis. Chronic inflammation, as a result of persistent infection, leads to DNA damage, higher expression of oncogenes, decreased apoptosis and immunosuppression, which are some of the reasons for cancer induction. Among parasites, Schistosoma, Opistorchis and Clonorchis are recognised as infectious agents which contribute to cancer. A relationship between Anisakis and cancer was hypothesised because cellular responses to Anisakis products could result in inflammation and DNA damage. Previous research has shown a decrease in CD8+ γδ T-cells and an increase in αβ and γδ T-cell apoptosis in colon cancer (CC) samples. Ninety-two CC patients and 60 healthy subjects were recruited. γδ and αβ T-cells were analysed, and their apoptosis was evaluated. Anti-Anisakis antibodies were tested in sera from CC patients and controls. Anti-Anisakis IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE antibodies were significantly higher in CC patients. A significant increase in anti-Anisakis IgA levels was observed in patients with angiolymphatic invasion. The number of all γδ T-cells, as well as CD3+ CD4+ αβ T-cells, was significantly lower in CC patients. The apoptosis of all T-cells was significantly increased in patients with CC. We observed a significantly higher percentage of anti-Anisakis IgE positive patients having a deficit of CD3+ γδ T-cells. Our results suggest a relationship between Anisakis and CC.
... These findings are consistent with several previous studies. In addition, effector T cells, memory T cells, and T cell differentiation have been shown to play a crucial role in the immune defense of CRC, and higher densities of tumor-infiltrating T cells in CRC tissues indicate a good prognosis [87,88]. We demonstrated that the low ARG_score groups showed a higher infiltration of activated memory CD4+, CD8 + T, and follicular helper T cells, indicating that they have a positive effect on CRC prognosis. ...
Background: Evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) affects the tumor active response to immunotherapy. Tumor angiogenesis is closely related to the TME. Nonetheless, the effects of angiogenesis on the TME of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown.
Methods: We comprehensively assessed the angiogenesis patterns in CRC based on 36 angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs). Subsequently, we evaluated the prognostic values and therapeutic sensitivities of angiogenesis patterns using multiple methods. We then performed the machine learning algorithm and functional experiments to identify the prognostic key ARGs. Ultimately, the regulation of gut microbiota on the expression of ARGs was further investigated by using whole genome sequencing.
Results: Two angiogenesis clusters were identified and angiogenesis cluster B was characterized by increased stromal and immunity activation with unfavorable odds of survival. Further, an ARG_score including 9 ARGs to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) was established and its predominant predictive ability was confirmed. The low ARG_score patients were characterized by a high mutation burden, high microsatellite instability, and immune activation with better prognosis. Moreover, patients with high KLK10 expression were associated with a hot tumor immune microenvironment, poorer immune checkpoint blocking treatment, and shorter survival. The in vitro experiments also indicated that Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n) infection significantly induced KLK10 expression in CRC.
Conclusions: The quantification of angiogenesis patterns could contribute to predict TME characteristics, prognosis, and individualized immunotherapy strategies. Furthermore, our findings suggest that F.n may influence CRC progression through ARGs, which could serve as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target for F.n-infected CRC patients.
... Hence, it is crucial to search for a novel prognostic factor and treatment target for CRC. γδ T cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes and an important component of the innate immune system in the human body, participating in the formation of the first line of defense against pathogens [5]. They can recognize and kill tumor cells in a manner that does not depend on MHC-I molecules. ...
Objective
The aim of the present study was to explore the prognostic role of γδ T cells in colorectal cancer, and establish a nomogram for predicting the survival of the patients.
Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the infiltration degree of γδ T cells in tumor and normal tissues of colorectal cancer. The relationship between γδ T cells infiltration in tumor tissues and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer were determined by Cox regression analysis and survival analysis. R software was used to establish and verify a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.
Results
The degree of γδ T cell infiltration in tumor tissues and normal tissues of CRC was not different (t = 0.35, P = 0.73). However, the infiltration of γδ T cell was related to the survival status of the patients (x² = 4.88, P = 0.03). Besides, the infiltrating degree of γδ T cells in tumor tissue was obviously related to the prognostic improvement of the patients with colorectal cancer (log-rank P = 0.02) and could reflect the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. The nomogram based on tumor diameter, tumor location, AJCC stage, chemotherapy, serum CEA level and γδ T cell infiltration was established and could provide a reference for predicting the survival of colorectal cancer patients.
Conclusion
γδ T cell infiltration degree in tumor tissue was an important factor to improve the outcome of patients with colorectal cancer, and can predict the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy.
... gd T cells not only localize in peripheral organs (14) but also circulate through blood and lymphatics (15). Therefore, they play critical roles in tumor immune responses in solid cancers, such as lung (16) or colorectal cancer (17), as well as in hematopoietic malignancies (18). Particularly for solid cancers, high infiltration of gd T cells represents a good prognosis marker (19). ...
Although γδ T cells comprise a small population of T cells, they perform important roles in protecting against infection and suppressing tumors. With their distinct tissue-localizing properties, combined with their various target recognition mechanisms, γδ T cells have the potential to become an effective solution for tumors that do not respond to current therapeutic procedures. One such tumor, glioblastoma (GBM), is a malignant brain tumor with the highest World Health Organization grade and therefore the worst prognosis. The immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune-evasive glioma stem cells are major factors in GBM immunotherapy failure. Currently, encouraged by the strong anti-tumoral function of γδ T cells revealed at the preclinical and clinical levels, several research groups have shown progression of γδ T cell–based GBM treatment. However, several limitations still exist that block effective GBM treatment using γδ T cells. Therefore, understanding the distinct roles of γδ T cells in anti-tumor immune responses and the suppression mechanism of the GBM TME are critical for successful γδ T cell–mediated GBM therapy. In this review, we summarize the effector functions of γδ T cells in tumor immunity and discuss current advances and limitations of γδ T cell–based GBM immunotherapy. Additionally, we suggest future directions to overcome the limitations of γδ T cell–based GBM immunotherapy to achieve successful treatment of GBM.
... In this study, compared with the other two subtypes, we found that subtype C2 had a higher level of immune cell infiltration, such as T cells CD8, T cells gamma delta, and NK cells activated. And these cells are considered to be effector cells that can kill tumor cells [48][49][50] . The ESTIMATE algorithm showed that subtype C2 had the highest immune score and matrix score, suggesting its higher content of immune cells and stromal cells. ...
Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death triggered by the inflammasome. Growing evidence has revealed the crucial utility of pyroptosis in tumors. However, the potential mechanism of pyroptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still unclear. In this research, we systematically analyze the genetic and transcriptional alterations of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in ccRCC, identify pyroptosis-related subtypes, analyze the clinical and microenvironmental differences among different subtypes, develop a corresponding prognostic model to predict the prognosis of patients, and interpret the effect of pyroptosis on ccRCC microenvironment. This study provides a new perspective for a comprehensive understanding of the role of pyroptosis in ccRCC and its impact on the immune microenvironment, and a reliable scoring system was established to predict patients’ prognosis.
... The result showed OSBPL3 was intimate related with "T cells gamma delta" and "T cells follicular helper". In CRC, γ/δ T cells can inhibit cancer progression through recognizing and attacking tumor cells, while it can also promote the cancer progression via secreting IL-17 [40]. Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) were helpful to shape germinal centers response [41]. ...
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. This study proposes to reveal prognostic biomarkers for the prognosis and treatment of CRC patients.
Methods
Differential analysis of OSBPL3 was performed in pan-cancer, and the correlation between clinical stage and OSBPL3 was analyzed. Multiple omics analysis was used to compare the relationship between survival of patients and copy number variation, single nucleotide variant, and methylation status. Survival differences between high and low OSBPL3 expression groups were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high and low OSBPL3 expression groups were obtained, and functional enrichment analysis was implemented. Correlations between immune cells and OSBPL3 was analyzed. Drug sensitivity between the two OSBPL3 expression groups was compared. Moreover, the expression of OSBPL3 was verified by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR.
Results
OSBPL3 was differentially expressed in 13 tumors and had some correlations with T and N stages. OSBPL3 expression was regulated by methylation and higher OSBPL3 expression was associated with poorer prognosis in CRC. 128 DEGs were obtained and they were mainly involved in signaling receptor activator activity, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. T cell gamma delta and T cell follicular helper were significantly different in the high and low OSBPL3 expression groups. Moreover, OSBPL3 showed negative correlations with multiple drugs. OSBPL3 was significantly upregulated in CRC samples compared to normal samples.
Conclusions
A comprehensive analysis demonstrated that OSBPL3 had potential prognostic value, and guiding significance for CRC chemotherapeutic.
... Hence, MxA can be used as a footprint for type I IFN in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite that γδT cells can quickly detect transformed cells, the contribution of this small population of cells, which are rare in the TME, remains controversial 23 . Whether MxA-expressing cells and/or γδT cells in pre-operative cancer biopsies are indicative of a TME favorable to generating an effective anti-tumor response following neoadjuvant treatment has yet to be explored. ...
Tailored treatment for patients with rectal cancer requires clinically available markers to predict their response to neoadjuvant treatment. The quantity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in pre-operative tumor biopsies has been suggested to predict a favorable response, but opposing results exist. A biopsy-adapted Immunoscore (ISB) based on TILs has recently emerged as a promising predictor of tumor regression and prognosis in (colo)rectal cancer. We aimed to refine the ISB for prediction of response using multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) on pre-operative rectal cancer biopsies. We combined the distribution and density of conventional T cell subsets and γδT cells with a type I Interferon (IFN)-driven response assessed using Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) expression. We found that pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant treatment was associated with type I IFN. Stratification of patients according to the density of CD8⁺ in the entire tumor tissue and MxA⁺ cells in tumor stroma, where equal weight was assigned to both parameters, resulted in improved predictive quality compared to the ISB. This novel stratification approach using these two independent parameters in pre-operative biopsies could potentially aid in identifying patients with a good chance of achieving a pCR following neoadjuvant treatment.
... The main immune mechanism against tumors is cellular immunity, which directly reflects anti-tumor activity. Therefore, avoiding suppression of cellular immunity plays an important role in prognosis of colon cancer surgery [12]. Surgery, whether laparoscopic or open, is a controlled trauma that can trigger changes in inflammation, neuroendocrine and immune function. ...
Background:
Immune function is an important indicator for assessing postoperative recovery and long-term survival in patients with malignancy, and laparoscopic surgery is thought to have a less suppressive effect on the immune response than open surgery. This study aimed to investigate this effect in a retrospective clinical study.
Methods:
In this retrospective clinical study, we enrolled 63 patients with colorectal cancer in the Department of General Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and assessed the changes in their postoperative immune function by measuring CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T lymphocytes, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio.
Results:
Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic colorectal surgery was effective in improving the postoperative decline in immune function. We determined that the number of CD4+, CD8+T lymphocytes, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was not significantly reduced in the laparoscopic group.
Conclusion:
Laparoscopic-assisted colorectal resection can reduce the inhibition of immune functions compared with conventional open surgery.
