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Background: The ever-growing world population results in the ineluctable increase of food demand which translates in the augment of the global market of packaging materials. Hence, the concept of active packaging materializes as a technology to enhance the safety, quality and shelf-life of the packaged foods. Active packaging systems can contribute...
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... compounds can be classified according to the mechanism of action as primary (or chain-breaking) antioxidants, namely free-radical scavengers, and secondary (or preventive) antioxidants including metal chelators, UV absorbers, singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) quenchers and oxygen scavengers (Fig. 3), as reported in detail elsewhere (Islam, Khan, & Islam, 2017;Tian et al., 2013a). The advantage of secondary antioxidants lies in their capacity to reduce or prevent the occurrence of oxidation reactions, whereas the primary antioxidants react with free radicals to convert them into (fairly) stable products that do not engage in ...
Citations
... Active packaging systems possess an impressive surge of interest from the packaging sector in improving shelf life, food recalls, and foodborne illness outbreaks [10]. These systems can be prepared using several techniques, including incorporating active agents, coatings, immobilization, or surface modification onto packaging materials [11]. Nanoparticles have been widely used in packaging materials, providing better preservation and quality maintenance of food products than conventional packaging materials. ...
... Furthermore, the addition of additives modifies the properties (physical and mechanical) of the packaging polymer, offering enhanced strength, flexibility, durability, and barrier properties [12]. Since the proliferation of pathogenic and/or spoilage microorganisms was the main factor contributing to food spoiling, antimicrobial agents are the active agent classes with the most significant number of commercial products [11,13,14]. ...
Poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF)-based nanocomposites were fabricated with silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by the in-situ polymerization method. The importance of this research work is to extend the usage of PEF-based nanocomposites with improved material properties. The PEF-Ag and PEF-TiO2 nanocomposites showed a significant improvement in color concentration, as determined by the color colorimeter. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs revealed the appearance of small aggregates on the surface of nanocomposites. According to crystallinity investigations, neat PEF and nanocomposites exhibit crystalline fraction between 0–6%, whereas annealed samples showed a degree of crystallinity value above 25%. Combining the structural and molecular dynamics observations from broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) measurements found strong interactions between polymer chains and nanoparticles. Contact angle results exhibited a decrease in the wetting angle of nanocomposites compared to neat PEF. Finally, antimicrobial studies have been conducted, reporting a significant rise in inhibition of over 15% for both nanocomposite films against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. From the overall results, the synthesized PEF-based nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and antimicrobial properties may be optimized and utilized for the secondary packaging (unintended food-contact) materials.
... Due to this pressure, food packaging industries have been experiencing incredible advances regarding the type of materials used to produce different packaging products. However, nowadays, the challenges on developing new food packaging systems do not address only the replacement of conventional plastics by biobased materials but also the search of new ways to improve their shelf-life, and the safety and quality of the packed food, corresponding to the so-called active food packaging concept (Carvalho et al., 2021;Vilela et al., 2018). ...
... Antioxidants are known for reducing oxidative degradation, and their integration into biobased nanocomposite films plays an important role on imparting them with active functions that will help extending the foods shelf life and maintaining their quality and freshness (Silva et al., 2018;Vilela et al., 2018). The antioxidant activity of the produced films was assessed by the DPPH radical scavenging assay, and the results are presented in Fig. 7. ...
... Research efforts are being made to increase the added-value of PHA-based materials by designing active biodegradable systems for food packaging applications as a followup of biomedical applications of PHA-antimicrobials systems. Biodegradable materials exerting antimicrobial/antioxidant properties represent innovative food packaging alternatives because they have a positive impact on the food spoilage processes, thus extending shelf-life [116][117][118]. These agents are of varied origin, including plant (essential oils, among others), mineral (transition metals and metalloids), animal (chitosan, propolis), and microbial (bacteriocines such as nisin or pediocin). ...
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are high-value biodegradable polyesters with thermoplastic properties used in the manufacturing of different products such as packaging films. PHAs have gained much attention from researchers and industry because of their biobased nature and appropriate features, similar to conventional synthetic plastics. This review aims to discuss some of the recent solutions to challenges associated with PHA production. The implementation of a cost-effective process is presented by following different strategies, such as the use of inexpensive carbon sources, the selection of high-producing microorganisms, and the functionalization of the final materials to make them suitable for food packaging applications, among others. Research efforts are needed to improve the economic viability of PHA production at a large scale. Haloferax mediterranei is a promising producer of PHAs due to its ability to grow in non-sterile conditions and the possibility of using seawater to prepare the growth medium. Additionally, downstream processing for PHA extraction can be simplified by treating the H. mediterranei cells with pure water. Further research should focus on the optimization of the recycling conditions for the effluents and on the economic viability of the side streams reutilization and desalinization as an integrated part of PHA biotechnological production.
... Active packaging mainly includes two pathways to extending food products' shelf-life: releasing agents, which include antimicrobial and antioxidant functions, while the other is scavenging or absorbing that mainly focuses on moisture, odour, and gas elimination. 25 Releasing agents. This specialized packaging prevents microbial growth on food surfaces through either the direct contact of the packaging material with the food or through the release of antimicrobial agents into the food or the packaging environment. ...
Motivated by the urgent need to address environmental concerns associated with traditional food packaging, this review explores the shift towards sustainable, bio-based packaging solutions. It highlights the evolution of food packaging functions, emphasizing not only the basic roles but also the innovative methods developed to enhance food quality. The focus extends to well-researched bio-based plastics, particularly in promoting their mechanical properties. Additionally, the review explores the innovative use of plant-based and animal-based materials in creating sustainable packaging solutions. These materials have shown considerable promise in improving mechanical properties, prolonging shelf life, and providing antimicrobial and antioxidant benefits. A critical aspect of the review is the practical application of bio-based biodegradable materials in the food packaging industry. Despite significant theoretical advancements, there remains a gap in understanding how these materials can be effectively utilized in real-world scenarios.
... Designing and developing intelligent response packaging is a fascinating and unique strategy based on food's inherent quality deterioration signals (e.g., pH change, moisture increase, amine release, etc.) (Vilela et al., 2018). As a critical deterioration factor in the quality of agricultural products, especially fruits and vegetables, pH is monitored to assess their food value and commodity attributes effectively Zhang et al., 2023). ...
To reduce petroleum-based feedstocks and develop multifunctional composite plastics, this study constructed pH-responsive γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) modified liposomes loaded with Alpinia galanga essential oil (Lip-PEO) and doped it into the esterified konjac glucomannan (KGM)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) network for ternary composite plastics. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that the surface and cross-sectional structure of the composite plastic exhibits a smooth and flat morphology. This good compatibility resulted from the interactions between the components. Fourier transform infrared spec-troscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) verified the existence of hydrogen bonding forces between the components, and the three components' interactions further improved the co-polymer crystal structure. Notably, plastics' best compatibility was achieved with the P 25 K 75 (PVA:KGM=75:25 v/v) ratio, which presents excellent thermal and light transmittance, barrier, and mechanical properties. Moreover, plastic degradability was improved by reducing the PVA ratio and introducing KGM, whereas Lip-PEO addition imparts pH-responsive behavior to plastics. Citrus packaging tests indicate that this packaging can effectively maintain fruit quality and extend shelf life. Furthermore, the plastic provides ideal storage stability. The results provide insights for the future green and intelligent food packaging design.
... For instance, active carbon was already used as a physical adsorbent for the preservation of F&V in the 1940s [5]. Furthermore, numerous commercial ethylene scavengers based on adsorption, usually derived from porous materials such as zeolite [6,7], clay, and metal-organic frameworks [8,9], have been developed. ...
Trace ethylene poses a significant challenge during the storage and transportation of agricultural products, causing over-ripening, reducing shelf life, and leading to food waste. Zeolite-supported silver adsorbents show promise for efficiently removing trace ethylene. Herein, hierarchical Ag/NZ5(X) adsorbents were prepared via different ammonia modifications, which featured enhanced ethylene adsorption ability. Ag/NZ5(2.5) exhibited the largest capacity and achieved near-complete removal at room temperature with prolonged efficacy. Characterization results indicated that the ammonia modification led to the formation of a hierarchical structure in the zeolite framework, reducing diffusion resistance and increasing the accessibility of the active sites. Additionally, desilication effects increased the defectiveness, generating a stronger metal–support interaction and resulting in a higher metal dispersion rate. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of efficient adsorbents for removing trace ethylene, thereby reducing food waste and extending the shelf life of agricultural products.
... Additionally, biodegradable polymers can be designed to degrade in specific environments such as in compost, reducing the environmental impact of packaging waste. Overall, active food packaging using biodegradable polymers presents an opportunity to improve food sustainability and safety while reducing packaging waste (Vilela et al., 2018). The following subchapters focus on the development of active packaging based on three major biopolymer classes, i.e., PLA, PHAs, and TPS. Figure 6.3. ...
... The following subchapters focus on the development of active packaging based on three major biopolymer classes, i.e., PLA, PHAs, and TPS. Figure 6.3. Active agents for food packaging (duplicated from (Vilela et al., 2018)). ...
You are reading the book Biodegradable Plastics for a Green Future, one of the project results of the “Let’s use biodegradable plastics for the future/FUTUREBIO” Project numbered 2021-1-TR01-KA220-HED-000032160 which is supported by the Turkish National Agency under the scope of Erasmus+ Key Action 2 Strategic Partnership. In the FutureBio project, in which the coordinating institution is Pamukkale University (PAU), Selçuk University (SU) and Kırklareli University (KLU) from Türkiye; Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Cosvitec Societa Consortile Arl (COSV), Universita Degli Studi Di Trento (UNITN) and Indivenire srl (IND) from Italy; Universitatea Technica Cluj Napoca (UTCluj) from Romania; CTRL Reality Oy (CTRL) from Finland; Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (OTHR) from Germany; and University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI) from Switzerland are the project partners. As it is known, plastics derived from organic materials, reusable, and biodegradable by microorganisms are an important part of environmental and sustainability strategies, but today they account for less than 1% of total polymer materials. Biodegradable polymers should be developed and used for a more livable and greener world. Reducing carbon emissions is particularly important as part of the “Green Deal” for a more livable world. Therefore, FutureBio’s main goals are to promote and increase the use of organic-based bioplastics instead of conventional plastic materials, which are carbon-based and difficult to dispose of, and to raise public awareness about environmental pollution and environmental protection. In line with these goals, efforts are being made to develop high-tech training modules for academic staff, university students, and industrial workers, organize training activities for academic staff and students, and raise public awareness. Virtual reality applications, online and open-access course materials, and laboratory videos were produced following field research. Turkish and English electronic versions of the book Biodegradable Plastics for a Green Future are available on the project website https://futurebioproject.eu/. With the happiness of completing our book, we would like to thank the Turkish National Agency for their support for our project. We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Ahmet KUTLUHAN, Rector of Pamukkale University, for his valuable support for two years. As Pamukkale University project team members, we would like to thank all our partners for their valuable efforts and contributions. We would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Yasemin OZTEKIN and Prof. Dr. Ulku SAYIN for editorialship of this book.
... An outline diagram of active and smart, or intelligent, packaging systems is presented in Figs. 7 and 8 (Bayram et al., 2021;Velázquez-Contreras et al., 2022;Vilela et al., 2018). Table 3 presents the MNPs-based materials which have been successfully employed in active and intelligent packaging (Abdolsattari et al., 2022;Alghamdi et al., 2022;Ballesteros et al., 2022;Eskandarabadi et al., 2019;Fathi et al., 2022;Liu et al., 2021;Motelica et al., 2020;Mousazadeh et al., 2021;Sarapulova et al., 2015;Sobhan et al., 2020;Wu et al., 2018;Yu et al., 2021). ...
Consuming hygienic and secure food has become challenging for everyone. The preservation of excess food without negatively affecting its nutritional values, shelf life, freshness, or effectiveness would undoubtedly strengthen the food industry. Nanotechnology is a new and intriguing technology that is currently being implemented in the food industry. Metal-based nanomaterials have considerable potential for use in packaging and food processing. These materials have many advanced physical and chemical characteristics. Since these materials are increasingly being used in food applications, there are certain negative health consequences related to their toxicity when swallowed through food. In this article, we have addressed the introduction and applications of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (MNPs), food processing and food packaging, applications of MNPs-based materials in food processing and food packaging, health hazards, and future perspectives.
... Oxidation is one of the main factors causing food spoilage and deterioration [1,2]. Although traditional packaging technology can provide protection for food, it cannot effectively prevent the oxidation of food. ...
... By contrast, natural antioxidant agents are safer and more suitable to be used in antioxidant packaging. Up to date, several kinds of natural antioxidant agents including phenolic compounds, essential oils and plant extracts have been incorporated into packaging matrices to fabricate novel antioxidant packaging [2]. ...
... Active functions include moisture, oxygen or ethylene absorbents, release of flavorings, ethanol, and antimicrobial activity that may interact directly or indirectly with food. Active packaging is made by combining different functional materials in different forms (Mousavi Khaneghah et al., 2018; Vilela et al., 2018). Antibacterial packaging is a type of active packaging that controls bacterial growth in food, achieved through the use of antimicrobial agents. ...
Minced meat (MM) has a high surface-to-volume ratio, which makes it prone to the growth of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria due to increased exposure to oxygen and high nutrient levels. In this study, postbiotics were used as a natural preservative to extend the shelf life of MM. Lyophilized postbiotics from Lactobacillus rhamnosus were incorporated into bacterial nanocellulose (BNNC) to create an antimicrobial film for packaging MM. The effectiveness of the postbiotic-embedded BNNC film against Staphylococcus aureus was tested using the disk diffusion method and the optimal postbiotic concentrations were determined using the microdilution broth method. Structural changes of the BNNC film after immersion in postbiotics were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the attachment and chemical nature of the functional groups in the sample were confirmed using FTIR. The antimicrobial efficacy of the postbiotic-embedded BNNC film against S. aureus in MM was also tested. The results showed that BNNC with 10% (P10-BNNC) and 4% (P4-BNNC) postbiotic concentrations were the optimal films, as confirmed by SEM and FTIR. The P-BNNC films significantly reduced the number of S. aureus during storage of MM for 9 days at 4°C. In conclusion, BNNC can serve as a suitable carrier for creating antimicrobial films using postbiotics derived from LAB for food packaging applications.
