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This paper states an experimental research that establishes a relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and human walking. Its mathematical formulation employs bio-mechanical anthropometry concepts. To validate the results in a realistic scenario, a novel algorithm that uses graph theory is proposed. This allows us to obtain the optimal route...
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![Figure 3. Human walking behaviour: (a) power and (b) speed [18,32].](profile/Manuel-Alvarez-Alvarado/publication/341520185/figure/fig3/AS:893253385723907@1589979611480/Human-walking-behaviour-a-power-and-b-speed-18-32_Q320.jpg)
This article presents a comprehensive study of human physiology to determine the impact of body mass index (BMI) on human gait. The approach followed in this study consists of a mathematical model based on the centre of mass of the human body, the inertia of a person in motion and the human gait speed. Moreover, the study includes the representatio...
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... Based on the physical characteristics of the participants, the body mass index was calculated (BMI; in kg m -2 ); the BMI value indicates if the weight is healthy [36]. Significant subcutaneous fat deposits counteract the core-to-skin heat dissipation, resulting in less energy harvested by the F-TEG [37]. ...
Wearable devices are commonly used to monitor human movement since motor activity is a fundamental element in all phases of a person’s life. Patients with motor disorders need to be monitored for a prolonged period and the battery life can be a limit for such a goal. Here the technique of harvesting energy from body heat to supply energy to wearable devices is investigated. A commercial flexible thermoelectric generator, equipped with an accelerometer, is placed on the lower leg above the ankle. The accelerometer serves to detect diverse motor activities carried out by ten students of VSB-Technical University of Ostrava involved in the execution of two tasks. To summarize, the motor activities analyzed in the proposed work are: “Sit”, “Walk”, “Rest”, “Go biking”, “Rest after biking”, and “Go down and up the stairs”. The maximum measured value of power density was 20.3 μW cm-2 for the “Walk” activity, corresponding to a gradient of temperature between the hot and cold side of the thermocouples constituting the flexible thermoelectric generator of 1.5 °C, while the minimum measured value of power density was 8.3 μW cm-2 for the “Sit” activity, corresponding to a gradient of temperature of 1.1 °C. Moreover, a mathematical model was developed for the recognition of motor activities carried out during the execution of the experiments. As a preliminary result, it is possible to state that semi-stationary parts of the signal generated by the thermoelectric generator can be traced back to the performance of an activity.
... Graph theoretic approaches have found applications in a variety of fields [34]- [36]. Ishizaki et al. summarized the applications of graph theory for power systems modeling, dynamics, coherency, and control [17]. ...
... Graph theoretic approaches have found applications in a variety of fields [34]- [36]. Ishizaki et al. summarized the applications of graph theory for power systems modeling, dynamics, coherency, and control [17]. ...
... In order to get realistic results, people with different physiologies are simulated. This model is based on previous research in which the relationships between BMI at different speeds and human gait [17], and between BMI and human walking on different types of surface (concrete, wood and ceramic) are calculated [18]. Moreover, the centre of mass, weight and height of a person are also taken into consideration in this model. ...
... This section describes the mathematical model used to calculate the evacuation time of a building. This model is based on previous research described in [17,18], where a BMI model is designed to recognise incidences on different types of soil. ...
... Human walking behaviour: (a) power and (b) speed[18,32]. ...
This article presents a comprehensive study of human physiology to determine the impact of body mass index (BMI) on human gait. The approach followed in this study consists of a mathematical model based on the centre of mass of the human body, the inertia of a person in motion and the human gait speed. Moreover, the study includes the representation of a building using graph theory and emulates the presence of a person inside the building when an emergency takes place. The optimal evacuation route is obtained using the breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm, and the evacuation time prediction is calculated using a Gaussian process model. Then, the risk of the building is quantified by using a non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation. The results open up a new horizon for developing a more realistic model for the assessment of civil safety.
... Graph theoretic approaches have found applications in a variety of fields [34]- [36]. Ishizaki et al. summarized the applications of graph theory for power systems modeling, dynamics, coherency, and control [17]. ...
A robust power system stabilizer (PSS) is designed using Glover-McFarlane's H <sub>∞</sub> loop shaping design procedure. Guidance for setting the feedback configuration for loop shaping and H <sub>∞</sub> synthesis are presented. The resulting PSS ensures the stability of a set of perturbed plants with respect to the nominal system and has good oscillation damping ability. Comparisons are made between the resulting PSS, a conventionally designed PSS, and a controller designed based on the structured singular value theory.
This document discusses three aspects that intervene in the sustainable development of a city such as Technology, Health, and the potential Natural Risks that threaten such progress. In the first context, it focuses on describing the techniques and technologies used in a smart environment, including Sensor Networks, Internet of Things (IoT), Data Processing, Big Data, and Machine Learning. Regarding the issue of Health, it focuses on various topics that are used in data processing body measurements such as body mass index (BMI), human gait, overweight and conditions of the soil on the human walking. Finally, two emergency environments in natural disasters have been studied; these are: earthquakes and fires, however, specific issues that may affect the environment surrounding the city are described. The purpose of the study of these aspects is to analyze the effects of the BMI on the survival of a person when an emergency arises and at the same time what the technology implemented in a city (Smart City) can do to assist people who are more vulnerable to natural risks. In this context, the following architectures are presented: The first analyzes a Smart City to incorporate the concept of resilience in the city when post-disaster (earthquakes) events occur. The second introduces an architecture of e-health services within a Smart City allowing to establish support services and quick emergency relief. Lastly, to discuss these proposals, several simulation environments are described that focus on different points of the architectures, among them, are: 1. Wireless sensor network (WSN) inside buildings that allows generating alerts and evacuation routes focused on fires and earthquakes. 2. Viewing events (messages) from rooms that are on alert and can cause damage to humans. 3. Analysis and models of the communication flow for a sensor network. 4. Study of the spread of wildfires to propose rapid evacuation and early warning to relief agencies. 5. The repercussions of BMI in human gait when evacuating a building (response times). 6. BMI analysis of people who have specific cardiovascular disease, and finally, an innovative analysis is presented to find the building risk using a model of human gait focused on BMI. Finally, with the results obtained in the simulations, reliable conclusions are presented about the influence of the BMI in the human gait, and how in an emergency affects a person’s weight in survival. Likewise, the need to incorporate fail-safe mechanisms (natural risks) in applications within a Smart City.
