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Using computer software and anthropometric measurements, the present study analyzes the changes in body posture associated with the workload exposure of harvesting and nursery-afforestation workers. Studies were conducted in 10 different locations within the boundaries of the Regional Directorate of Forestry (RDF) in Artvin, Turkey. A total of 88 m...
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Citations
... where HR work was the average heart rate during work, HR rest was the resting heart rate, and HR max was the maximum heart rate calculated for each subject by subtracting his age from 220. The validity of 220-age has been questioned for containing a degree of error [33,39]; however, it has been widely used in applied situations as is [37,40,41]. HRR at work is an indicator of the magnitude of the operator's physiological reserve that is used throughout a task. ...
... Melemez and Tunay [44] recorded 70.5 bpm, while Grandjean [45] reported 72.7 bpm. On the contrary, it was much higher than the 61.2 bpm reported by Eroglu et al. [41] and considerably lower than Kirk and Parker's [37] value of 79 bpm. The HR rest protocol may have an impact on the measured values; consequently, it is recommended to monitor HR when the individual is sleeping [46], although in this scenario, the participants' consent is required. ...
... Leszczynski and Stanczykiewicz [40] found that forest workers had higher HRR during initial thinning (48.69%) than during final thinning (41.61%) operations, whereas the respective values for tractor drivers and processor operators were much lower, reaching only 22.85% and 22.64%, respectively. Considerable differences in terms of HRR have been reported for harvesting workers (40.9%) and nursery workers (32.4%) in Turkey [41]. The HRR of choker setters (forest workers responsible for pulling out the cable and attaching logs to it during wood extraction) ranged from 44 and 46% [4], and 46% has been reported in the case of manual clearcutting in a Romanian poplar plantation [2]. ...
Tree felling is recognized as one of the most difficult and physically demanding work phases in motor–manual wood harvesting, during which maintaining good posture can avert unnecessary loadings to the spine and the consequent musculoskeletal disorders to forestry professionals. This study aimed to (a) quantify the impact of posture selection by means of heart rate measurements and (b) analyze its interactions with the anthropometric and personal information of study subjects. Thirteen forest workers were asked to fell thirty trees in each of the four most common body postures during motor–manual forest operations: (i) stooping, (ii) flexed stooping, (iii) squatting, and (iv) half kneeling. Posture had a significant impact on the amount of heart strain measured as mean heart rate during work (HRwork), heart rate increase over resting heart rate (ΔHR), and relative heart rate index (HRR). The most popular position among the forest workers was flexed stooping, which also caused the most damage, compared with the least physiologically damaging position, half kneeling: HRwork by 12.40 bpm, ΔHR by 10.24 bpm, and HRR by 11.51. On the contrary, overweight and older subjects experienced lower heart rate strain, a finding that has to be further investigated.
... The forestry workers are exposed to above-average physiological workload for almost entire working lifetime (Vondra, 1995;Martinić, 2006) due to a significant share of manual work, work with machines with proven harmful effects and constantly changing outdoor working conditions. All these factors make the work site of a forest worker one of the most dangerous, with a high probability of injury during working lifetime or suffering from occupational diseases, which shortens working and life expectancy (Šporčić et al., 2015;Eroglu et al., 2015a). ...
Forest harvesting in Bosnia and Herzegovina is done by chainsaws in felling and processing phase, and cable skidders in skidding phase in most cases. The aim of study was to determine physiological workload of chainsaw operator in felling and processing of wood assortments on the basis of the measurement of a heart rate. The research was carried out in mixed uneven-aged stands of Silver fir (Abies alba L.), European beech (Fagus
sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) managed by two Cantonal Public Enterprise in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Heart rate was measured using Garmin Forerunner 35 GPS Running Watch with Wrist-based Heart Rate (Garmin Ltd., United States) with continuous data logging and storage of heart rate readings. Felling and processing works were recorded with action camera during whole working day. Time study was performed based on made videos. The average working heart rate (effective time and delays) was 117 bpm (beats per minute) for subject A and 113 bpm for subject B. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences for average heart rate in relation to time study element. The average heart rate reserve (%HRR) was 47.15% for subject A and 50.00% for subject B. The study results showed that heart rate reserve of chainsaw operator during tree felling and processing exceeded value of 40% which corresponds to heavy work and may have negative impacts on the health of the workers.
... The mean heart rate during resting time in this study was 70.46 bpm (Table 8), a value close to 68 bpm reported by Abeli and Malisa (1994), 70.5 bpm reported by Melemez and Tunay (2011) and 72.7 bpm by Grandjean (1980). On the contrary, it was considerably higher than the 61.2 bpm reported by Eroglu et al. (2015a) and lower than the value of 79 bpm reported by Kirk and Parker (1996b). The protocol of HR rest may exert an impact on the measured values; thus, it is suggested to measure HR at resting when the subject is asleep (Kirk and Sullman 2001). ...
Forest workers encounter many health-related problems due to their harsh working conditions. This study focused on the evaluation of the physical workload of tree fellers during clearcut operations in a pine plantation forest in northern Iran by means of heart rate measurements. Anthropometric and personal data of the subjects such as age, body mass index (BMI), work experience, and health problems were also collected. The subjects were also asked to assess their perceived level of fatigue by means of the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory. Activity sampling was used to record the physical workload of 13 subjects during a working day of 8 h for each one of them by means of a Polar Electro H10 heart rate sensor. The collected data were used for the calculation of heart rate indices that determine the strain of the subjects. The results showed that the mean level of physical workload was 43.54% of the relative heart rate (HRR) which corresponds to heavy work. The workers assigned most of the effective work time to tree processing (39.78%), back cut (18.6%), and undercut (12.07%). The highest mean heart rates (HRwork) were measured during the work elements of tree processing (117.7 bpm), back cut (115.6 bpm), and undercut (114.8 bpm). The study results also showed that the number of harvested trees and the average tree diameter at breast height exerted a significant impact on HRR and the BMI class on HRwork. Furthermore, age class was negatively correlated to net productivity.
... The mean heart rate during resting time in this study was 70.46 bpm (Table 8), a value close to 68 bpm reported by Abeli and Malisa (1994), 70.5 bpm reported by Melemez and Tunay (2011) and 72.7 bpm by Grandjean (1980). On the contrary, it was considerably higher than the 61.2 bpm reported by Eroglu et al. (2015a) and lower than the value of 79 bpm reported by Kirk and Parker (1996b). The protocol of HR rest may exert an impact on the measured values; thus, it is suggested to measure HR at resting when the subject is asleep (Kirk and Sullman 2001). ...
Forest workers encounter many health-related problems due to their harsh working conditions. This study focused on the evaluation of the physical workload of tree fellers during clearcut operations in a pine plantation forest in northern Iran by means of heart rate measurements. Anthropometric and personal data of the subjects such as age, body mass index (BMI), work Experience, and health problems were also collected. The subjects were also asked to assess their perceived level of fatigue by means of the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory. Activity sampling was used to record the physical workload of 13 subjects
during a working day of 8 h for each one of them by means of a Polar Electro H10 heart rate sensor. The collected data were used for the calculation of heart rate indices that determine the strain of the subjects.
The results showed that the mean level of physical workload was 43.54% of the relative heart rate (HRR) which corresponds to heavy work. The workers assigned most of the effective work time to tree processing (39.78%), back cut (18.6%), and undercut (12.07%). The highest mean heart rates (HRwork) were measured during the work elements of tree processing (117.7 bpm), back cut (115.6 bpm), and undercut (114.8 bpm). The study results also showed that the number of harvested trees and the average tree
diameter at breast height exerted a significant impact on HRR and the BMI class on HRwork. Furthermore, age class was negatively correlated to net productivity.
... En general, en la mayoría de los puestos de trabajo de la industria del aserrío de la región de El Salto, Durango, se observó que las posturas inadecuadas catalogadas con un nivel de riesgo 2 y 3 se asocian al manejo y levantamiento de cargas que requieren de un considerable esfuerzo por parte del trabajador y que contribuyen a que se presenten lesiones lumbares por la constante exigencia de movimientos de inclinación de más de 20 grados de la espalda en combinación con la masa de los objetos a movilizar (Padula y Coury, 2003). Eroglu, Kayacan y Yilmaz (2015) mencionan que el trabajo forestal ha sido definido fisiológicamente como una profesión de servicio pesado, y aunque en los últimos años ha habido en el sector un aumento en el uso de maquinaria, los operarios en los aserraderos siguen siendo sujetos a utilizar los músculos de sus piernas, manos, brazos, cabeza, cuello y hombros; lo cual quedó comprobado en este estudio (Tabla 3). ...
El trabajo en la industria del aserrío es físicamente exigente porque se realiza bajo posturas corporales poco saludables que generan lesiones musculoesqueléticas y su estudio requiere de herramientas de evaluación de riesgos para identificarlas adecuadamente. En los aserraderos de El Salto, Durango, México se desconoce el nivel de riesgo de las posturas de trabajo en las personas, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis postural en 15 puestos de trabajo. A partir de 7.5 h de video, que consideraron el trabajo efectivo en los puestos laborales, se obtuvieron 900 imágenes fijas a intervalos de 30 segundos para analizarlas mediante el método OWAS. Se estimó el índice global de riesgo postural y se elaboraron tablas de contingencia y pruebas de asociación entre variables categóricas de Chi-cuadrado. Los resultados mostraron una frecuencia de posturas de 48% con nivel de riesgo 2, 3 y 4, indicando realizar acciones de corrección postural para los riesgos 2 y 3 así como modificaciones inmediatas para el 4. El índice global de riesgo se estableció en 166 puntos catalogado como mínimo. Por puesto de trabajo, los topadores y volteadores son los más susceptibles de presentar lesiones musculoesqueléticas con índices globales de riesgo por encima de los 200 puntos. Por zona corporal, 43% de las posiciones de la espalda y 40% de las piernas se encuentran en un nivel de riesgo 2, considerado como poco dañino, y 100% de las posiciones de los brazos resultaron con un nivel de riesgo 1 que no requiere modificación alguna.
... Forestry activities form an organization involving various practices which are mostly performed in outdoor working conditions, including hard work (Apud and Valdez 1995;Apud et al. 2014). This organization includes afforestation, maintenance, protection, harvesting/production, construction, tree nursery, and erosion control (Eroglu et al. 2008;Eroglu et al. 2015). When forestry work is evaluated in general, it differs from other fields of operation due to such factors such as the working conditions, and the place and time of the operation (Erdas and Acar 1995;Zhao and Jackson 2014). ...
This study examines the physical workload, isometric strength and body composition values of workers working in the forestry industry. Researches in 10 different test areas in total were carried out, including 31 workers of forest harvesting and 30 workers of forest nursery-afforestation in The Regional Directorate of Forestry, Artvin (RDF). As the result of the workload measurement conducted on the workers, the physiological workload (%HRR) of harvesting and nursery-afforestation workers was found as 40.9 percent and 32.4 percent on average, respectively. This finding leads to the conclusion that nursing-afforestation workers can be classified as "light-work" workers, whereas harvesting workers must be classified as "medium-weight work" workers. Heartbeat rates for both worker groups during resting (HRrest) were almost identical; however, the heartbeat rates while at work (HRmax) were found to be higher in harvesting workers than in nursing-afforestation workers, which suggests that harvesting workers are more challenged at some periods of their work activity.
