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Cirrenalia longipes (from holotype). Conidiophores and conidia on natural substrate. A. Immature conidia. B. Mature conidia. Bar = 25 µm.
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A new helicosporous hyphomycete, Cirrenalia longipes, collected from dead wood in Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by dark-brown to black conidia with long multi-septate basal filaments, which usually separate from the conidial body. The differences with other species in Cirrenalia are discussed. Three s...
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Freshwater fungi refer to the fungi that depend on the freshwater habitats for the whole life cycle or part of their life cycle. In this context, a new aquatic hyphomycete was isolated from decaying wood in a freshwater habitat in Jiangxi Province, China.
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Marine hyphomycetes collected in Thailand are listed and discussed, with the description of a new species, Cumulospora varia was found in several areas of Thailand is described and compared with C. marina.
Citations
... The helicoid conidia of Neocirrenalia nigrospora extend the concept of Chaetosphaeriaceae. Neocirrenalia nigrospora is similar to Cirrenalia donnae and C. longipes in having dark brown or black helicoid conidia with non-constricted septa (Sutton 1973;Ellis 1976;Zhao and Liu 2005a;Zhao et al. 2007). Neocirrenalia nigrospora are effuse, scattered, solitary on the substrates while C. donnae and C. longipes are sporodochial. ...
... Conidia of N. nigrospora (50-75 µm diam.) and C. longipes (50-75 µm diam.) are of similar size and larger than C. donnae (20-25 µm diam.) (Ellis 1976;Somrithipol et al. 2002;Zhao and Liu 2005a). Mature conidia often coil 1.5-2.5 times in C. longipes and 1-1.25 times in N. nigrospora and C. donnae. ...
... Mature conidia often coil 1.5-2.5 times in C. longipes and 1-1.25 times in N. nigrospora and C. donnae. The long, septate, conidial filaments of C. longipes are similar to the sporulated, smaller conidia of N. nigrospora in culture (Zhao and Liu 2005a). ...
Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world. During a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes, a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce four new genera, viz. Aquabispora, Neocirrenalia, Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella, and 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys chishuiensis, A. effusa, A. pyriformis, Actinocladium aquaticum, Annulatascus tratensis, Aquabispora setosa, Aqualignicola setosa, Aquimassariosphaeria vermiformis, Ceratosphaeria flava, Chaetosphaeria polygonalis, Conlarium muriforme, Digitodesmium chishuiense, Ellisembia aquirostrata, Fuscosporella atrobrunnea, Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, H. caohaiense, Hongkongmyces aquisetosus, Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis, Monilochaetes alsophilae, Mycoenterolobium macrosporum, Myrmecridium splendidum, Neohelicascus griseoflavus, Neohelicomyces denticulatus, Neohelicosporium fluviatile, Neokalmusia aquibrunnea, Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa, Neomyrmecridium naviculare, Neospadicoides biseptata, Ocellisimilis clavata, Ophioceras thailandense, Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus, Phialoturbella aquilunata, Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum, Pseudodactylaria denticulata, P. longidenticulata, P. uniseptata, Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca, Rhamphoriopsis aquimicrospora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Shrungabeeja fluviatilis, Sporidesmium tratense, S. versicolor, Sporoschisma atroviride, Stanjehughesia aquatica, Thysanorea amniculi, Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata, with an illustrated account, discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa. Seven new combinations are introduced, viz. Aquabispora grandispora (≡ Boerlagiomyces grandisporus), A. websteri (≡ Boerlagiomyces websteri), Ceratosphaeria suthepensis (≡ Pseudohalonectria suthepensis), Gamsomyces aquaticus (≡ Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum), G. malabaricus (≡ Gangliostilbe malabarica), Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora), and Rhamphoriopsis glauca (≡ Chloridium glaucum). Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats. Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora). Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium, Aqualignicola, and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections. Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated. The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.
... Notes. The genus Cirrenalia Meyers & R. T. Moore has been used for species of dematiaceous fungi characterized by helicoid conidia, usually constricted at the septa (Zhao & Liu 2005). Initially, the genus contained only marine species but it was expanded (Sutton 1973) to include terrestrial species and the number of accepted terrestrial and marine species is now similar. ...
... The genus has been recently studied using molecular markers and been shown to be highly polyphyletic (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010). Compared to species treated in the overview provided by Zhao & Liu (2005), Cirrenalia lichenicola is characterized by the small size of the conidia and the narrow filaments. Cirrenalia caffra Matsush. is similar to the new species although the filament is slightly wider and the conidia are also larger. ...
Lichens are widely acknowledged to be a key component of high latitude ecosystems. However, the time investment needed for full inventories and the lack of taxonomic identification resources for crustose lichen and lichenicolous fungal diversity have hampered efforts to fully gauge the depth of species richness in these ecosystems. Using a combination of classical field inventory and extensive deployment of chemical and molecular analysis, we assessed the diversity of lichens and associated fungi in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska (USA), a mixed landscape of coastal boreal rainforest and early successional low elevation habitats deglaciated after the Little Ice Age. We collected nearly 5000 specimens and found a total of 947 taxa, including 831 taxa of lichen-forming and 96 taxa of lichenicolous fungi together with 20 taxa of saprotrophic fungi typically included in lichen studies. A total of 98 species (10.3% of those detected) could not be assigned to known species and of those, two genera and 27 species are described here as new to science: Atrophysma cyanomelanos gen. et sp. nov., Bacidina circumpulla , Biatora marmorea , Carneothele sphagnicola gen. et sp. nov., Cirrenalia lichenicola , Corticifraga nephromatis , Fuscidea muskeg , Fuscopannaria dillmaniae , Halecania athallina , Hydropunctaria alaskana , Lambiella aliphatica , Lecania hydrophobica , Lecanora viridipruinosa , Lecidea griseomarginata , L. streveleri , Miriquidica gyrizans , Niesslia peltigerae , Ochrolechia cooperi , Placynthium glaciale , Porpidia seakensis , Rhizocarpon haidense , Sagiolechia phaeospora , Sclerococcum fissurinae , Spilonema maritimum , Thelocarpon immersum , Toensbergia blastidiata and Xenonectriella nephromatis . An additional 71 ‘known unknown’ species are cursorily described. Four new combinations are made: Lepra subvelata (G. K. Merr.) T. Sprib., Ochrolechia minuta (Degel.) T. Sprib., Steineropsis laceratula (Hue) T. Sprib. & Ekman and Toensbergia geminipara (Th. Fr.) T. Sprib. & Resl. Thirty-eight taxa are new to North America and 93 additional taxa new to Alaska. We use four to eight DNA loci to validate the placement of ten of the new species in the orders Baeomycetales , Ostropales , Lecanorales , Peltigerales , Pertusariales and the broader class Lecanoromycetes with maximum likelihood analyses. We present a total of 280 new fungal DNA sequences. The lichen inventory from Glacier Bay National Park represents the second largest number of lichens and associated fungi documented from an area of comparable size and the largest to date in North America. Coming from almost 60°N, these results again underline the potential for high lichen diversity in high latitude ecosystems.
... Known distribution:-Brazil (this paper), Canada, China, England (Zhao et al. 2007), Russia (Farr & Rossman 2017). Zhao & Liu (2005) reviewed the genus and presented a synopsis of the 16 described species, including seven marine species and nine terrestrial species. Subsequently, Jiang & Zhang (2007) and Zhang et al. (2014) described new species found in soil samples. ...
... The Brazilian material analyzed in this study showed much larger conidia (up to 65 μm diam.) than those reported by Sutton (1973) in the original description (20-25.5 μm diam.) but were closer to the Chinese material (39-62 μm diam.) as described by Zhao & Liu (2005), and were in agreement with the other morphological characteristics described for this species. The occurrence of C. donnae is restricted to terrestrial environments, and so far, this species has only been reported in decomposing plant material of Abies Mill. ...
A new species and new records of asexual ascomycetes from Brazil were documented during field trips in the National Forest of Amapá, Amapá State, in the Amazon Forest biome. Bhatia laevispora sp. nov., collected on decaying leaflets of Astrocaryum murumuru (Arecaceae), is described and illustrated. It differs from the type species by monoblastic conidiogenous cells with percurrent extensions and bigger, smooth conidia with brown to dark brown apical cells, paler central cells and pale brown to subhyaline basal cell. Cirrenalia donnae is a new record for the Neotropical region, and Balaniopsis kirkii and Dictyosporium pandani are new records for the American continent. Taxonomic information including descriptions, geographical distribution, comments and illustrations are provided. The genera Balaniopsis, Bhatia and Cirrenalia constitute new additions to the Brazilian mycobiota. This work expands the geographic range of these species to Brazil
... However, Acrodictys produces cylindrical, pyriform, obovoid or ovoid and straight conidia (Zhao et al. 2011). Cirrenalia is close to Dictyotrichocladium in conidial shape but differs in its helicoid phragmoconidia (Zhao & Liu 2005). In Paradictyoarthrinium, the conidiophores are slightly constricted at the septa or monilioid, and conidiogenous cells are lateral or intercalary (Matsushima 1996, Seifert et al. 2011. ...
A new genus and species, Dictyotrichocladium aquaticum, is described and illustrated from submerged decaying leaves of Calophyllum brasiliense in the Brazilian semiarid region; it is distinguished by macronematous, sometimes micronematous conidiophores, and monoblastic, terminal conidiogenous cells that produce solitary, long pyriform, cylindrical, long clavate, turbinate to vermiform, curved or sigmoid, dictyoseptate, black or dark pigmented conidia that usually do not secede but remain attached after maturation. A new species, Minimelanolocus aquatilis, characterized by obclavate, 3–5-euseptate, verruculose,
pale brown conidia, is described and illustrated from decaying twigs of an unidentified plant in the Brazilian semiarid region.
... With our results, we added these biotrophic-saprotrophic fungi as new records for Crocodilian and extend the known distribution of these fungi to Argentina. Z. echinosporum was cited for Brazil (Gusmão et al., 2001) and Peru (Matsushima, 1993) and C. donnae was found for first time in Canada (Sutton, 1973), and there are some works recording this species in China (Zhao and Liu, 2005). The yeast (Rhodotorula sp.) found here was also isolated from lungs, liver, and kidneys of turtles, lizards, and snakes, and are highly prevalent in the gut of all reptiles (Enweani et al., 1997; Reavill et al., 2004). ...
There are few reports of cloacal mycobiota on wild reptiles, and in particular, fungal presence and function in adman latirostris remains unknown. Our objective was to describe the fungal community present in the cloaca of wild female broad-snouted caimans during their reproductive season determine whether the number of fungi has some relationship with the female's corporeal condition. Fungi were found in 9 out of 13 cloacal samples and 14 species of fungi were isolated and identified. Three of the species isolated had the highest occurrence values, and 2 of them are pathogenic. In this case, body condition index had no relationship with fungal frequency; the fungi found in this study may have originated from soil habitat and nest substrate that are in constant contact with the cloaca of the C. latirostris females. The findings in this work support the theory that reptiles are facultative carriers of fungi or their spores.
... Fourteen species are described in the genus Cirrenalia, of which 7 species are marine lignicolous and 7 are terrestrial, mostly occurring on bark and wood and often in wet habitats. This morphotype probably refers to one of the seven known terrestrial species (Ellis, 1976;Somrithipol et al., 2002, Zhao andLiu, 2005) 3.1.1.1.5. Muriform ...
This paper presents an illustrated guide to the identification of non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) preserved in lake-sediment archives from equatorial East Africa. Modern NPPs were recovered from recently deposited surface sediment in 20 small crater lakes in western Uganda, located along environmental gradients of vegetation (moist evergreen and semi-deciduous forest, wooded and open grass savannah), land use (pastoralism, crop agriculture, plantations) and lake characteristics (basin morphometry, water chemistry and aquatic production). We analyzed 9700 NPP specimens, which could be assigned to 265 distinct morphotypes, of which 239 belong to six major taxonomic groups: spores and other remains of fungi (198 morphotypes), spores of ferns and mosses (19 morphotypes), microscopic zoological remains (14 morphotypes), colonies, coenobia or zygo-/aplanospores produced by filamentous algae (7 morphotypes) and microscopic aquatic plant remains (1 morphotype). The remaining 26 morphotypes could not be assigned to a specific taxonomic category. Using primary taxonomic and molecular phylogenetic literature, 73 (28%) of the recovered morphotypes could be identified at the species, genus or family level, thereby conferring ecological indicator value to them. This study may facilitate the use of fossil NPPs to help reconstruct past climatic and anthropogenic impacts on African ecosystems, as already broadly established in other study regions outside Africa.Research Highlights► Illustrated guide of 187 non-pollen palynomorphs from East African lake sediments. ► 28 % of the recovered 265 morphotypes are identified and ecologically classified. ► NPPs may shed light on past climatic and human impacts on African ecosystems.
... The original description of the genus Cirrenalia was "Helicosporae, marine, filament strongly constricted at the septa, cells distinctly non-congruent, increasing in diameter irregularly from basal to distal unit, terminal cell generally conspicuously larger and darker than sub-terminal cells" (Meyers and Moore 1960). However, the generic concept of Cirrenalia was broadened by Sutton (1973) with the description of C. donnae B. Sutton from a terrestrial habitat, and led to the description of a further ten species from terrestrial habitats (Rao and Reddy 1978;Matsushima 1980Matsushima , 1996Sugiyama 1981;Mel'nik 1988;Somrithipol et al. 2002;Zhao and Liu 2005;Jiang and Zhang 2007). The placement of the terrestrial Cirrenalia species in the genus has been questioned by Goos (1985), Raghu-Kumar et al. (1988) and Somrithipol et al. (2002). ...
Four new helicoid anamorphic fungi collected from marine habitats in Egypt and Japan are described. Three marine and one terrestrial
Cirrenalia species along with two Cumulospora species and the four new fungi were sequenced for LSU and SSU rDNA. Phylogenetic analyses of the generated sequences, along
with those from GenBank, confirmed the polyphyly of the genera Cirrenalia and Cumulospora, and new genera are erected to accommodate the displaced species. Eight new genera, four new species and six new combinations
are made: 1. Halazoon anam.-gen. nov. (Halazoon melhae sp. nov., H. fuscus for Cirrenalia fusca), 2. Moheitospora anam.-gen. nov. (Moheitospora fruticosae sp. nov., M. adarca for Cirrenalia adarca), 3. Moleospora anam.-gen nov. (Moleospora maritima sp. nov.), and 4. Glomerulispora anam.-gen. nov. (Glomerulispora mangrovis sp. nov); Cirrenalia pygmea, Cirrenalia tropicale and Cumulospora varius are transferred to the new genera, 5. Hydea anam.-gen. nov, 6. Matsusporium anam.-gen. nov., and 7. Moromyces anam.-gen. nov., respectively. These genera can be assigned to the order Lulworthiales, TBM (Torpedospora/Bertia/Melanospora) clade, while Cirrenalia macrocephala is nested within the order Halosphaeriales. Few morphological characters delineate the genera and species assigned to the
Lulworthiales and this aspect is discussed in relation to the molecular data. The phylogenetic position of the terrestrial
species, Cirrenalia japonica, shows that it is a member of the order Pleosporales, and a new genus, 8. Hiogispora anam.-gen. nov. is proposed for the fungus.
KeywordsHalosphaeriales-Helicoid fungi-Lulworthiales-Marine fungi-Pleosporales-TBM clade
... Number of coils of the conidium is also an important criterion for most genera of helicosporous hyphomycetes. Globose secondary conidia were proposed as one of the characteristics for the classification of Xenosporium (Zhao et al., 2005). Synanamorphic conidia are produced in some Helicodendron and Helicoön species. ...
... Description and illustration: Zhao and Liu, 2005. Notes: The long basal conidial filament of C. longipes presents a characteristic, which distinctly differs from all marine and terrestrial species in the genus. ...
... Of all the accepted species, C. longipes resembles C. nigrospora and C. donnae. However, in C. nigrospora the conidia are tightly and regularly coiled with larger intermediate cells, while in C. donnae the conidia have a shorter basal filament (Zhao and Liu, 2005). Colonies on natural substrate effuse, disperse and black. ...
Morphological studies of anamorphic taxa with helicospores (helicosporous fungi) were carried out based on observation of specimens collected in China and comparisons with descriptions in the literature. After examination of more than 300 freshly collected specimens and 100 herbarium specimens, we conclude that 71 species in 14 genera are presently known in mainland China, including 9 new species and 2 new combinations. The new species are Helicomyces denticulatus G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu; Helicosporium dentophorum G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu; Helicosporium sympodiophorum G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu; Helicoma hainanense G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu; Helicoma hyalonema G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu; Helicoma latifilum G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu; Helicoma scarabaeiforme G.Z. Zhao; Xenosporium latisporum G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu; Xenosporium ovatum G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu. The new combinations are Helicoma fumosum (P. Karst.) G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu; Helicofilia irregularis (P.M. Kirk) G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu. Another three new combinations, Helicoma casuarinae (Matsush.) G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu, Helicoma hyalospora (Rao & D. Rao) G.Z. Zhao, X.Z. Liu & W.P. Wu and Slimacomyces isiola (R.T. Moore) G. Z. Zhao, and a new name, Helicoma palmarum G.Z. Zhao, Xing Z. Liu & W.P. Wu are introduced based on the literature. All species are described, illustrated and discussed. Diagnostic characteristics and keys for most helicosporous genera are provided. Drepanospora is considered to be synonym of Helicosporium and Troposporella and Helicosporina are dealt with as the synonyms of Helicoma. A third group of Xenosporium without secondary conidia was found and four new species are described in this group. Several specimens were unavailable for study and are listed as doubtful records.
The Indian Marine Fungal Database (IMFD) is the first on-line database of information on Marine fungi from India. The database contains 233 records from 52 families, 146 genera and 233 species, and can be accessed at www.fungifromindia.com. Every species from this industrially important group of fungi has been given a unique identity number that can be cited in publications where a new species is described. Every entry in this database has been linked with the globally recognized myco-database (www.mycobank.org). The IMFD is part of an Indian initiative to promote international biodiversity documentation and form a global network of databases on biological information.
Two strains, representing trichocladium-like species, were collected from a freshwater lake in Guizhou Province, China. Based on the morphological characters, they were well identified as Trichocladium constrictum who lacked molecular data. In the phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and SSU sequence data, the collections cluster together with Cirrenalia iberica within Halosphaeriaceae but formed a distinct clade to the type of Cirrenalia (Halosphaeriaceae) and Trichocladium (Chaetomiaceae). The significant long conidiophores of Trichocladium constrictum differ from those of other Trichocladium species. The straight conidia of Cirrenalia iberica is distinguished from curved conidia of other Cirrenalia species. In line with the morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses, Cucurbitinus gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate Trichocladium constrictum and Cirrenalia iberica as Cucurbitinus constrictus comb. nov. and Cucurbitinus ibericus comb. nov. Descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa are provided with discussion of the reclassification.
