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Circular maps of the newly sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of (A) Actinotia polyodon, (B) Odontodes seranensis, (C) Oraesia emarginata, (D) Hyblaea puera.
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In the present study, the newly sequenced mitogenomes of three Noctuoid and one Hyblaeoid (Insecta: Lepidoptera) species were annotated based on next-generation sequence data. The complete mitogenome lengths of Oraesia emarginata, Actinotia polyodon, Odontodes seranensis, and Hyblaea puera were 16,668 bp, 15,347 bp, 15,419 bp, and 15,350 bp, respec...
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The Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger, 1900) is a small Cyprinidae fish that has a wide distribution in China. In this study, we characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of P. hainanensis by the Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platform in Guangxi, China. The assembled mitogenome is 16,647 base pairs (bp) and consists of 13 protein-coding g...
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... The A + T-rich region of the C. infuscatellus mitogenome contains a motif of "ATAGA" and a 19 bp poly-T stretch, which is similar to most lepidopteran mitogenomes (Chen et al. 2022;Shah et al. 2022). The ten copies of "ATTTA" motif and microsatellite A/T repeat sequences were also found in the A + T-rich region, which are considered common features in insects (Kim et al. 2012;Bian et al. 2020;Riyaz et al. 2021). ...
The Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a significant pest of sugarcane in China. The genome-level characteristics of this pest are important genetic resources for identification, phylogenetic analysis, and even management. In the present study, the complete mitogenome of C. infuscatellus was sequenced and characterized. The assembled mitochondrial genome is 15,252 bp in length and includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and an A + T-rich region. Except for the CGA codon for the cox1 gene, the PCGs are initiated with ATN codons (ATG, ATT, and ATA). These PCGs are terminated with TAA or an incomplete termination codon of a single T. Except for the loss of the “DHU” arm for trnS1, the tRNA genes were folded into the typical cloverleaf structure. The A + T-rich region has a high AT content of 96.19% and contains the motifs “ATAGA” and “ATTTA”, as well as a 19 bp poly-T stretch and microsatellite regions. The C. infuscatellus mitogenome exhibits a conserved gene order among lepidopteran insects, with a rearrangement of the trnM gene compared to the ancestral insect gene order. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 13 PCGs using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods confirmed the monophyly of Pyralidae and Crambidae within Pyraloidea. The relationships between subfamilies in Pyralidae can be described as (Galleriinae + (Phycitinae + (Pyralinae + Epipaschiinae))). The “PS clade” and “non‐PS clade” were formed within the family Crambidae. These findings provide valuable genetic resources for the identification, phylogenetic analysis, and management of sugarcane borers, contributing significantly to our understanding of the phylogeny of Pyraloidea insects and their evolution.
... These findings suggest a notable compositional bias in favor of certain nucleotides on the major strand of the CR. The conserved structures that connected the motif "ATAGA + poly-T (19 bp) stretch" [31,36,44,45,49] were located right flanking of the rrnS gene within the CR ( Figure 5 and Supplementary File S2). TR1, TR3, TR6, TR8, and TR10 were varied and typical microsatellite-like elements (TA) (Supplementary Table S5). ...
The pinion-streaked snout Schrankia costaestrigalis is a new potato pest that has recently been recorded in China. In this study, we analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of S. costaestrigalis. The results revealed the mitogenome (GenBank: OQ181231) to occur as a circular DNA molecule of 16,376 bp with 51.001% AT content, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 1 control region. Notably, the PCGs exhibited typical ATN (Met) start codons, including cox1, which deviated from the usual CGA start codon observed in other lepidopteran mitogenomes, and followed the conventional TAN stop codons. The 22 tRNA genes demonstrated the ability to form a cloverleaf structure, with the exception of trnS1-NCU, which lacked the DHU arm present in other Erebidae mitogenomes. Additionally, conserved motifs like “ATAGA + poly-T (19 bp) stretch” and five microsatellite-like elements (TA) were identified in the AT-rich region. The phylogenetic trees revealed that the Hypenodinae subfamily forms an independent lineage closely related to Erebinae and Catocalinae. The comprehensive mitogenome of S. costaestrigalis will greatly enhance future studies focused on the molecular classification and phylogenetic understanding of the Hypenodinae subfamily within the larger family Erebidae.
The coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella) is one of the major pests of coffee crops in the neotropical regions, and causes major economic losses. Few molecular data are available to identify this pest and advances in the knowledge of the genome of L. coffeella will contribute to improving pest identification and also clarify taxonomy of this microlepidoptera. L. coffeella DNA was extracted and sequenced using PacBio HiFi technology. Here we report the complete L. coffeella circular mitochondrial genome (16,407 bp) assembled using Aladin software. We found a total of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and an A + T rich-region and a D-loop. The L. coffeella mitochondrial gene organization is highly conserved with similarities to lepidopteran mitochondrial gene rearrangements (trnM-trnI-trnQ). We concatenated the 13 PCG to construct a phylogenetic tree and inferred the relationship between L. coffeella and other lepidopteran species. L. coffeella is found in the Lyonetiidae clade together with L. malifoliella and Lyonetia clerkella, both leaf miners. Interestingly, this clade is assigned in the Yponomeutoidea superfamily together with Gracillariidae, and both superfamilies displayed species with leaf-mining feeding habits.
A significant part of the moth species, representatives of the superfamily Noctuoidea distributed on the territory of Ukraine, are pests of crops, which attracts special attention of researchers. In particular, host plants for the larvae of the Apamea species are cereals. For the correct identification of the pest moth speciesit is necessary to conduct molecular genetic studies to create molecular passports (barcoding). One of the convenient molecular markers used to compare low-ranking taxa is the 5S rDNA region represented by tandemly arranged clusters, where each repeat unit consists of a highly conserved coding region and a variable intergenic spacer (IGS). Since the molecular organization of 5S rDNA in moth species is still insufficiently studied, the aim of our work was to analyze the 5S rDNA IGS of A. monoglypha, a representative of the Apamea genus. For this, 5S rDNA repeats were amplified by PCR, and the obtained products were ligated into the pJet1.2 plasmid vector. The inserts of the three recombinant plasmids, ApMon1-1, ApMon1-2, and ApMon1-8, which were of the expected size, were sequenced. It was found that the A. monoglypha genome contains several structural IGS variants that differ both in length and nucleotide sequence. The level of similarity of the compared IGS sequences varied from 38.0 to 76.2%, indicating a high level of intragenomic polymorphism in this region. An AT-rich motif, a GC dinucleotide, and a cytosine residue up-stream of the coding region were identified as putative external promoter elements, which can be involved in the initiation of transcription. Furthermore, the oligo-T motif located immediately down-stream of the coding region is probably involved in the transcription termination.
The Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a significant pest of sugarcane in China. The genome-level characteristics of this pest are important genetic resources for identification, phylogenetic analysis, and even management. In the present study, the complete mitogenome of C. infuscatellus was sequenced and characterized. The complete mitogenome of C. infuscatellus is 15,252 bp in length and comprises 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and an A + T-rich region. Except for the CGA codon for the cox1 gene, the PCGs initiated with ATN codons (ATG, ATT, and ATA). These PCGs terminated with TAA or an incomplete T. Except for the loss of the “DHU” arm for trnS1, the tRNA genes were folded into the typical cloverleaf structure. The A + T-rich region has a high AT content of 96.19% and contains the motifs “ATAGA” and “ATTTA”, as well as a 19 bp poly-T stretch and microsatellite regions. The C. infuscatellus mitogenome exhibits a conserved gene order among lepidopteran insects, with a rearrangement of the trnM gene compared to the ancestral mitogenome. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 13 PCGs using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods confirmed the monophyly of Pyralidae and Crambidae within Pyraloidea. The relationships between subfamilies in Pyralidae can be described as (Galleriinae + (Phycitinae + (Pyralinae + Epipaschiinae))). The “PS clade” and “non-PS clade” were formed in the family Crambidae. Our results enrich the genetic resources of sugarcane borers and provide insights into the phylogeny of Pyraloidea insects.
To analyse the phylogenetic relationships of members of the family Erebidae, the mitogenomes of two species namely, Hypospila bolinoides Guenée, 1852 and Lygephila dorsigera (Walker, 1865) were sequenced. H. bolinoides and L. dorsigera have circular genomes that are 15,640 bp and 15,567 bp long, respectively. Despite their different lengths, both genomes contain an identical gene order, which includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and an A+T-rich region. The nucleotide composition of the H. bolinoides mitogenome vis-à-vis the A+T rich region was 80.08%, which is higher than that of L. dorsigera (78.03%). The AT skew and GC skew were mostly negative for both species. The A+T-rich regions of H. bolinoides and L. dorsigera were 287 bp and 383 bp long, respectively, and confined to common characteristics of Noctuoidea. Concatenated sequences of 13 PCGs from 170 taxa belonging to the five families of the superfamily Noctuoidea and two butterfly mitogenomes used as outgroups were utilized for Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses. The first-ever comprehensive analysis of the mitogenomes of the genera Lygephila (Billberg, 1820) and Hypospila (Guenée, 1852) revealed that the superfamily Noctuoidea has a well supported monophyletic relationship with (Notodontidae + (Erebidae + (Nolidae + (Euteliidae + Noctuidae))). In support of previous partial genome analyses, the present study provides phylogenomic evidence that L. dorsigera, hitherto classified as a member of the subfamily Erebinae, can be placed within the subfamily Toxocampinae.
