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Samenvatting. De status van enkele genera verwant met Chrysonotomyia en Closterocerus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae), met beschrijving van een nieuwe soort uit Dominicaanse amber De taxonomie van de genera verwant met Chrysonotomyia Ashmead en Closterocerus Westwood wordt besproken. Uit Dominicaanse amber (Mioceen) wordt een nieuwe soort be...
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Context 1
... genus Asecodes by Hansson (1996) as having subtorular grooves and complete occipital median furrow. The degree of the expression of the latter is varying even within certain species, so that it also requires very careful treatment as a generic character. The genus Ladna was described by Bouček (1988) for the single species picta from Australia ( Fig. 1a-b). There were no exact apomorphies proposed for this monotypic genus. Surekha and Narendran (1992) described a second species, L. bengalica, from India. I have not seen the type of the latter, and it is not quite clear from the description whether this species was placed in the proper ...
Context 2
... study of paralectotypes of Chrysonotomyia auripunctata (Ashmead) (BMNH) and paratype of Ladna picta Bouček (BMNH, Fig. 1) led me to the conclusion of synonymy for these two genera. Although the subtorular grooves are not so clear in L. picta, they are visible in special light. All the consideration set forth above have eventually confirmed me in the opinion that of the seven discussed only two genera represent separate entities, i. e. Closterocerus and ...
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Citations
... groove along the posterior border of the frons between the frons and the (ante)vertex, connecting the two compound eyes, only found in dichoptic specimens(Raffray 1897;Gumovsky 2001). Figs 7D, 8, 9B, C ...
An updated morphological terminology for adult Syrphidae (Insecta, Diptera) is presented. The need for an update and extension of the terminology became evident while preparing species descriptions for the European Commission funded Taxo-Fly project on European Syrphidae. The scope of this paper however is worldwide. The manuscript describes the method used in finding as many relevant terms as possible and also discusses the use of the preferred terms, e.g., based on novel insights on the wing venation and division of some of the thoracic segments. The main part comprises numerous figures depicting different body parts with terminology indicated on each figure. A glossary of all terms used is given in alphabetical order. In total 17 photos and 207 drawings are presented, depicting almost 400 terms. A total of 14 new terms are introduced to more accurately describe the different body parts of adult Syrphidae. A short description for each term is given, together with additional information such as synonymous terms.
... Subsequently, Teleopterus was synonymized with Asecodes (Hansson, 1996). Gumovsky (2001) then synonymized Asecodes, Neochrysocharis, Hispinocharis, and Mangocharis with Closterocerus. However, molecular analysis led Burks et al. (2011) to remove Neochrysocharis and Asecodes from synonymy. ...
Three polyphagous pest Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) have recently invaded Australia and are damaging horticultural crops. Parasitic wasps are recognized as effective natural enemies of leafmining species globally and are expected to become important biocontrol agents in Australia. However, the hymenopteran parasitoid complex of agromyzids in Australia is poorly known and its use hindered due to taxonomic challenges when based on morphological characters. Here, we identified 14 parasitoid species of leafminers based on molecular and morphological data. We linked DNA barcodes (5' end cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences) to five adventive eulophid wasp species (Chrysocharis pubicornis (Zetterstedt), Diglyphus isaea (Walker), Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault), Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), and Neochrysocharis okazakii Kamijo) and two braconid species (Dacnusa areolaris (Nees) and Opius cinerariae Fischer). We also provide the first DNA barcodes (5' end COI sequences) with linked morphological characters for seven wasp species, with three identified to species level (Closterocerus mirabilis Edwards & La Salle, Trigonogastrella parasitica (Girault), and Zagrammosoma latilineatum Ubaidillah) and four identified to genus (Aprostocetus sp., Asecodes sp., Opius sp. 1, and Opius sp. 2). Phylogenetic analyses suggest C. pubicornis, D. isaea, H. varicornis, and O. cinerariae are likely cryptic species complexes. Neochrysocharis formosa and Aprostocetus sp. specimens were infected with Rickettsia. Five other species (Cl. mirabilis, D. isaea, H. varicornis, Opius sp. 1, and Opius sp. 2) were infected with Wolbachia, while two endosymbionts (Rickettsia and Wolbachia) co-infected N. okazakii. These findings provide background information about the parasitoid fauna expected to help control the leafminers.
... (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae) (Plate 1) was found associated with D. armigera grubs (or pupae). The genus of parasitoid (Chrysonotomyia) was identified based on keys described by Hansson (1990) and Gumovsky (2001). Data on parasitization for the years 2015-2016 are being presented in Tables 3-5. ...
... The habitus of Kokandia is similar to that of the genus Closterocerus Westwood. The genus Closterocerus in its expanded concept contains rather diverse species (e.g., those previously included in the genera Asecodes Förster, 1856, Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov, 1912) and is monophyletic by having the distinct, sutured subtorular grooves (Gumovsky, 2001). The subtorular grooves are not recognizable in Kokandia, so that there is no strict association between Kokandia and Closterocerus apart from just the general habitual appearance (as shown by the weak body sculpture, the propodeum with neither plicae nor carinae, the head without a distinct occipital margin). ...
... The habitus of Kokandia is similar to that of the genus Closterocerus Westwood. The genus Closterocerus in its expanded concept contains rather diverse species (e.g., those previously included in the genera Asecodes Förster, 1856, Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov, 1912) and is monophyletic by having the distinct, sutured subtorular grooves (Gumovsky, 2001). The subtorular grooves are not recognizable in Kokandia, so that there is no strict association between Kokandia and Closterocerus apart from just the general habitual appearance (as shown by the weak body sculpture, the propodeum with neither plicae nor carinae, the head without a distinct occipital margin). ...
... Natural parasitisation of grubs was observed during this period in the field. The parasitoids were reared to adults in the laboratory and were tentatively identified based on keys described by Hansson (1990) and Gumovsky (2001). The key identification features were forewing with one hairline, ascending from stigma vein, body extensively dark and metallic green body. ...
... We therefore used eulophid fossils to calibrate the root of the tree. The oldest known eulophid is 150 Ma (Schmidt et al., 2010) and there are Dominican amber fossils of extant eulophids, including Achrysocharoides wasps, at least 20 million years old (Gumovsky, 2001). Consequently, we included the extant species A. cilla and A. butus (Lopez-Vaamonde et al., 2005) in our study as outgroups. ...
... There is no agreement among specialists upon generic classification within the tribe. This problem is most pronounced in the classification of small-bodied genera, such as Closterocerus Westwood, Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov, and similar genera, with every expert in recent literature either using a different classification or expressing reservations about the one being used (Hansson, 1990(Hansson, , 1994(Hansson, , 2002Gumovsky, 2001Gumovsky, , 2002Fisher and LaSalle, 2005). ...
... Most of the species transferred to Closterocerus were placed in the subgenus Achrysocharis Girault, while those with a carinate pedicel were retained in the nominal subgenus (discussed from here on as Closterocerus sensu strictu). Gumovsky (2001) suggested a different classification based on delimitation of the clypeus and the presence of subtorular grooves, synonymizing Neochrysocharis, Asecodes Fo¨rster, and a number of other genera under Closterocerus. Gumovsky did not make reference to HanssonÕs antennal characters. ...
... Delimitation of the clypeus has historically been used to separate Chrysonotomyia, Omphale, Parzaommomyia, and some other genera from the rest of Entedonini (Graham, 1959;Boucˇek, 1988;Hansson, 1990Hansson, , 1994Hansson, , 2004Gumovsky, 2001). However, this character is problematic because the clypeus is distinct in some species not included in these genera and indistinct in some species found within these genera (Hansson, 1996;Burks, 2003). ...
AbstractA new combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of the Eulophidae is presented with special reference to the subfamily Entedoninae. We examined 28S D2–D5 and CO1 gene regions with parsimony and partitioned Bayesian analyses, and examined the impact of a small set of historically recognized morphological characters on combined analyses. Eulophidae was strongly supported as monophyletic only after exclusion of the enigmatic genus Trisecodes. The subfamilies Eulophinae, Entiinae (=Euderinae) and Tetrastichinae were consistently supported as monophyletic, but Entedoninae was monophyletic only in combined analyses. Six contiguous bases in the 3e′ subregion of the 28S D2 rDNA contributed to placement of nominal subgenus of Closterocerus outside Entedoninae. In all cases, Euderomphalini was excluded from Entiinae, and we suggest that it be retained in Entedoninae. Opheliminae n. stat. is raised from tribe to subfamily status. Trisecodes is removed from Entedoninae but retained as incertae sedis in Eulophidae until its family placement can be determined new placement. The genera Neochrysocharis stat. rev. and Asecodes stat. rev. are removed from synonymy with Closterocerus because strong molecular differences corroborate their morphological differences. Closterocerus (Achrysocharis) germanicus is transferred to the genus Chrysonotomyia n. comb. based on molecular and morphological characters.
... 9. Subtorular grooves: 0 = absent; 1 = present, extending from ventral edge of torulus (Fig. 18: stg); 2 = present, extending from lateral edge of torulus (Fig. 19: stg). The presence of subtorular grooves (9:1) was used by Gumovsky (2001) as a reason for synonymizing Neochrysocharis , Asecodes and a number of other genera under Closterocerus. The resulting genus was then interpreted as different from Chrysonotomyia, which also possesses subtorular grooves, because the latter has a distinctly defined clypeus. ...
... Delimitation of clypeus: 0 = delimited at least by lateral grooves (Figs 20 and 21: cly); 1 = not delimited (Fig. 18). Delimitation of the clypeus has historically been used to separate Chrysonotomyia, Omphale, Parzaommomyia, and some other genera from the rest of Entedonini (Graham, 1959; Boucěk, 1988; Hansson, 1990 Hansson, , 1994 Hansson, , 2004 Gumovsky, 2001). However, this character is problematic because the clypeus is distinct in some species not included in these genera and indistinct in some species found within these genera (Hansson, 1996; Burks, 2003). ...
... Semicircular ridge of pronotum laterally: 0 = absent; 1 = present (Fig. 22: carina). State 1 (Fig. 22) was described by Gumovsky (2001) as a possible synapomorphy of Achrysocharoides Girault and Entedon Dalman. Although a similar ridge is found in some species of Chrysocharis (Burks, 2003), this character is coded as specified by Gumovsky. ...
A new combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of the Eulophidae is presented with special reference to the subfamily Entedoninae. We examined 28S D2–D5 and CO1 gene regions with parsimony and partitioned Bayesian analyses, and examined the impact of a small set of historically recognized morphological characters on combined analyses. Eulophidae was strongly supported as monophyletic only after exclusion of the enigmatic genus Trisecodes. The subfamilies Eulophinae, Entiinae (=Euderinae) and Tetrastichinae were consistently supported as monophyletic, but Entedoninae was monophyletic only in combined analyses. Six contiguous bases in the 3e¢ subregion of the 28S D2 rDNA contributed to placement of nominal subgenus of Closterocerus outside Entedoninae. In all cases, Euderomphalini was excluded from Entiinae, and we suggest that it be retained in Entedoninae. Opheliminae n. stat. is raised from tribe to subfamily status. Trisecodes is removed from Entedoninae but retained as incertae sedis in Eulophidae until its family placement can be determined new placement. The genera Neochrysocharis stat. rev. and Asecodes stat. rev. are removed from synonymy with Closterocerus because strong molecular differences corroborate their morphological differences. Closterocerus (Achrysocharis) germanicus is transferred to the genus Chrysonotomyia n. comb. based on molecular and morphological characters.
... d Although not recorded from Europe, this species occurs in China and Greenland (Noyes 2003). It is sometimes recorded as a species of Neochrysocharis (e.g., Hansson 1995, who also noted that the type is now lost), but Gumovsky (2001) synonymized Neochrysocharis with Closterocerus. Fisher and LaSalle (2005) resurrected Neochrysocharis, but did not convincingly support their opinion; hence, current lists (e.g., Noyes 2003) uphold Gumovsky (2001). ...
... It is sometimes recorded as a species of Neochrysocharis (e.g., Hansson 1995, who also noted that the type is now lost), but Gumovsky (2001) synonymized Neochrysocharis with Closterocerus. Fisher and LaSalle (2005) resurrected Neochrysocharis, but did not convincingly support their opinion; hence, current lists (e.g., Noyes 2003) uphold Gumovsky (2001). ...
... This genus was synonymized with Closterocerus by Hansson (1994), but C. donna was later moved to Neochrysocharis by Hansson (1995) (who thought that the type was lost, but it exists on a slide at the United States National Museum (type No. 13664); Noyes 2003). However, Neochrysocharis was synonymized with Closterocerus by Gumovsky (2001). Fisher and LaSalle (2005) resurrected Neochrysocharis, but did not convincingly support their opinion; hence, current lists (e.g., Noyes 2003) uphold Gumovsky (2001). ...
Au cours du dernier siècle, cinq espèces de tenthrèdes mineuses du bouleau ont été introduites involontairement d'Europe en Amérique du Nord: Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fallén), Fenusa pumila Leach, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), Fenusella nana (Klug) et Scolioneura vicina Konow. Elles ont toutes été rapportées à des niveaux épidémiques en Amérique du Nord et trois de ces espèces (F. pumila, P. thomsoni et H. nemoratus) ont fait l'objet de programmes de contrôle biologique réussis. Les deux espèces détectées plus récemment, F. nana et S.. vicina, constituent de bonnes candidates pour un éventuel contrôle biologique au Canada. Nous révisons la biologie de cinq espèces de tenthrèdes mineuses du bouleau en Amérique du Nord et présentons des clés pour faciliter l'identification des adultes, des larves et des mines.
