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Crosses between Hordeum vulgare (2n = 2x = 14; HvHv) and hexaploid (2n =4x = 28 HchHchDD), hexaploid (2n = 6x =42; HchHchAABB), and octoploid (2n = 8x = 56; HchHchAABBDD) ×Tritordeum amphiploids have been carried out. The hybrid plants produced had the expected chromosome numbers, 2n = 3x = 21 (HvHchD), 2n = 4x = 28 (HvHchAB), and 2n = 8x = 35 (HvH...
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Citations
... The chromosomes of both H. chilense and rye could be identifi ed by means of FISH (Lima-Brito et al. 1996 ). The hexaploid tritordeum was also crossed with H. vulgare , but the amphidiploid developed by treating the F 1 hybrid with colchicine proved to be sterile (Martín et al. 1995 ). Transgenic lines were developed by transforming tritordeum (Barcelo et al. 1994 ) and these were later studied in nursery experiments (Hernandez et al. 2001 ). ...
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are two of the most important cultivated cereals worldwide. Barley has several agronomic characters (e.g. earliness, tolerance to drought or soil salinity, various quality parameters) which it would be desirable to transfer into wheat. The first step in alien gene transfer via chromosome manipulation is the production of interspecific or intergeneric hybrids. One of the major limitations for successful gene transfer from barley into wheat is the low crossability between these species. Successful hybridizations and the production of barley introgressions have taken place over the last few decades, making it possible to overcome some of the difficulties. An overview is given here of wheat × barley hybridizations using Hordeum vulgare L. and other Hordeum species, including the development of hybrids and introgressions with various barley cultivars. The meiotic pairing behaviour of hybrids is presented, with special emphasis on the monitoring of wheat–barley homoeologous pairing by means of molecular cytogenetic methods. The effect of in vitro multiplication on the genome composition of intergeneric hybrids is discussed, and the agronomical traits (β-glucan content, earliness, salt tolerance, etc.) of the newly developed introgression lines are presented. The exploitation and possible use of wheat/barley introgression lines in the most up-to-date molecular genetic studies (transcriptome analysis, sequencing of flow-sorted chromosomes) are also discussed.
... The chromosomes of both H. chilense and rye could be identified by means of FISH (Lima-Brito et al. 1996). The hexaploid tritordeum was also crossed with H. vulgare, but the amphidiploid developed by treating the F 1 hybrid with colchicine proved to be sterile (Martín et al. 1995). Transgenic lines were developed by transforming tritordeum (Barcelo et al. 1994) and these were later studied in nursery experiments (Hernandez et al. 2001). ...
Several useful alien gene transfers have been reported from related species into wheat (Triticum aestivum), but very few publications have dealt with the development of wheat/barley (Hordeum vulgare) introgression lines. An overview is given here of wheat × barley hybridization over the last forty years, including the development of wheat × barley hybrids, and of addition and translocation lines with various barley cultivars. A short summary is also given of the wheat × barley hybrids produced with other Hordeum species. The meiotic pairing behaviour of wheat × barley hybrids is presented, with special regard to the detection of wheat–barley homoeologous pairing using the molecular cytogenetic technique GISH. The effect of in vitro multiplication on the genome composition of intergeneric hybrids is discussed, and the production and characterization of the latest wheat/barley translocation lines are presented. An overview of the agronomical traits (β-glucan content, earliness, salt tolerance, sprouting resistance, etc.) of the newly developed introgression lines is given. The exploitation and possible use of wheat/barley introgression lines for the most up-to-date molecular genetic studies (transcriptome analysis, sequencing of flow-sorted chromosomes) are also discussed.
... The progenies of the 2D(2H ch ) 3H v (3H ch ) lines are also homogenous and fertile. Meiotic recombination is not expected as no meiotic pairing has been detected between H. chilense, wheat and H. vulgare chromosomes (Martín and Sánchez- Monge, 1980;Martín et al., 1995). Cytogenetic analysis of 2D-3H v double substitution line is shown in Figure 1. ...
×Tritordeum (Ascherson et Graebner, an amphiploid between Triticum turgidum conv. durum and Hordeum chilense), and chromosome substitution lines of tritordeum where chromosomes 2 H
ch or 3 H
ch
H. chilense were replaced with chromosome 2 D of T. aestivum or 3 H
v chromosome of H. vulgare, respectively, were used to assess the effect of specific chromosomes on the rachis. ×Tritordeum has brittle rachis while the 2 D(2 H
ch) and 3 H
v (3 H
ch) substitution lines have non-brittle rachis. Both lines also have compact spikes, a character highly desirable for the improvement
of tritordeum threshability. Different combinations of 2 D and 3 H
v translocations were developed in tritordeum. In this article we present information on the identification and characterisation
of all these introgression lines by the fluorescent in situ hybridisation.
... chilense hybrids (Prieto et al. 2001). We did not observe chromosome pairing between wheat and barley chromosomes as reported by others (Fedak 1985, Martı´n and Sa´nchez-Monge 1980, Martı´n et al. 1995. Fourteen or 15 bivalents were always seen during meiosis in disomic substitution or addition lines of chromosome 4H ch in durum. ...
The wild species Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schult is a valuable genetic resource for durum wheat breeding and genomic research. In this study, an interspecific cross, advanced backcrosses and consecutive selfing strategies were used to develop introgression lines of H. chilense chromosome 4H ch into durum wheat. It is the first time that H. chilense genomic introgressions were obtained in durum back-ground. Substitutions and addition lines for H. chilense chromosome 4 into durum were generated. Alien chromosome segments were reduced in size by further spontaneous translocations between wheat and chromosome 4H ch . Hordeum chilense introgressions were identified in the durum background through several plant generations by fluores-cence in situ hybridization (FISH) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Development of these H. chilense introgression lines consti-tutes an important advance in durum breeding, proof of concept for the development of new H. chilense introgression lines in durum, and is a valuable tool for plant breeding.
The Hessian fly (HF), Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is one of the most devastating insect pests of cereals including wheat, barley, and rye. Although wheat is the preferred host for HF, this continuously evolving pest has been emerging as a threat to barley production. However, characterization and identification of genetic resistance to HF has not been conducted in barley. In the present study, we used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify barley resistance loci to HF using a geographically diverse set of 234 barley accessions. The results showed that around 90% of barley lines were highly susceptible, indicating a significant vulnerability to HF in barley, and a total of 29 accessions were resistant serving as potential resistance resources. GWAS with a mixed linear model revealed two marker-trait associations both on chromosome 4H. The resistance loci and associated markers will facilitate barley improvement and development for breeders. In addition, our results are also fundamental for genetic studies to understand the HF resistance mechanism in barley.
Bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. and barley Hordeum vulgare L. are two of the most important cultivated cereals worldwide. Barley has several agronomic characters (e.g. earliness, tolerance to drought or soil salinity, various quality parameters) which it would be desirable to transfer into wheat. The first step in alien gene transfer via chromosome manipulation is the production of interspecific or intergeneric hybrids. One of the major limitations for successful gene transfer from barley into wheat is the low crossability between these species. Successful hybridizations and the production of barley introgressions have taken place over the last few decades, making it possible to overcome some of the difficulties. An overview is given here of wheat × barley hybridizations using Hordeum vulgare L. and other Hordeum species, including the development of hybrids and introgressions with various barley cultivars. The meiotic pairing behaviour of hybrids is presented, with special emphasis on the monitoring of wheat–barley homoeologous pairing by means of molecular cytogenetic methods. The effect of in vitro multiplication on the genome composition of intergeneric hybrids is discussed, and the agronomical traits (β-glucan content, earliness, salt tolerance, etc.) of the newly developed introgression lines are presented. The exploitation and possible use of wheat/barley introgression lines in the most up-to-date molecular genetic studies (transcriptome analysis, sequencing of flow-sorted chromosomes) are also discussed.
The amphiploids between Hordeum chilense and Triticutn spp. (tritordeum) resemble their wheat parents agronomically. We have synthesized more than one hundred primary tritordeums for breeding a new cereal crop. From the results obtained on the first two cycles of selection, in which the yield level of tritordeum was raised to that of traditional wheat varieties, it is clear that tritordeum has the potential to become a crop when sufficient breeding effort is applied. Tritordeum is already been exploited as a bridge for introducing the genetic variability available in the section Anisolepis of the genus Hordeum into wheat.
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The wild species Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schult is a valuable genetic resource for durum wheat breeding and genomic research. In this study, an interspecific cross, advanced backcrosses and consecutive selfing strategies were used to develop introgression lines of H. chilense chromosome 4Hch into durum wheat. It is the first time that H. chilense genomic introgressions were obtained in durum background. Substitutions and addition lines for H. chilense chromosome 4 into durum were generated. Alien chromosome segments were reduced in size by further spontaneous translocations between wheat and chromosome 4Hch. Hordeum chilense introgressions were identified in the durum background through several plant generations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Development of these H. chilense introgression lines constitutes an important advance in durum breeding, proof of concept for the development of new H. chilense introgression lines in durum, and is a valuable tool for plant breeding.
Tritordeum (X Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner) is a synthetic amphiploid belonging to the Triticeae tribe, which resulted from crosses between Hordeum chilense and wheat. It presents useful agronomic traits that could be transferred to wheat, widening its genetic basis.
In situ hybridisation with total genomic DNA from H. chilense and cloned, repetitive DNA sequences (pTa71 and pAs1) probes were used to discriminate the parental origin of all chromosomes, to analyse the chromosome pairing and to identify the chromosomes in pollen mother cells (PMCs) at metaphase I of the tritordeum line HT251 (HchHchDD, 2n = 4x = 28).
The H. chilense total genomic DNA and the ribosomal sequence pTa71 probes, allowed the unequivocal discrimination of the 14 chromosomes of Hch genome-origin and the 14 chromosomes of D genome-origin.
Chromosome pairing analysis revealed meiotic irregularities such as reduced percentage of PMCs with complete homologous pairing, high frequency of univalents, most of H. chilense-origin and a reduced frequency of intragenomic multivalents from both genomes. The H. chilense genome revealed high meiotic instability.
After individual chromosome identification at metaphase I with the pAs1 probe, we found the occurrence of pairing between chromosomes of different homoeology groups. The possible interest of the tetraploid tritordeum in the improvement of other Triticeae species is also discussed.
Intergenomic translocations between wheat, Hordeum chilense and Hordeum vulgare have been obtained in tritordeum background. Advanced lines from the crosses between three disomic chromosome addition lines for chromosome 2Hv, 3Hv, and 4Hv of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and hexaploid tritordeum (2n = 6x = 42, AABBHchHch) were analyzed. Multicolor FISH using both genomic DNA from H. chilense and H. vulgare were used to establish the presence and numbers of H. vulgare introgressions into tritordeum. Interspecific H. vulgare/H. chilense and intergeneric wheat/H. vulgare and wheat/H. chilense translocations were identified. Frequencies of plants containing different kinds of intergenomic translocations between chromosome arms are presented. These lines can be useful for introgressing into tritordeum characters of interest from H. vulgare.
