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Chromosme numbers and karyotype composition of Leptobotia guilinensis, Sinibotia pulchra and ’B.’ zebra.
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One of the most efficient mechanisms to keep animal lineages separate is a difference in ploidy level (number of whole genome copies), since hybrid offspring from parents with different ploidy level are functionally sterile. In the freshwater fish family Botiidae, ploidy difference has been held responsible for the separation of its two subfamilies...
Citations
... Isolation of DNA, cytochrome b primers, PCR and sequencing protocols followed Bohlen et al. (2016). For phylogeny reconstruction we used neighbour joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses implemented in PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford, 2003) and Bayesian inference (BI) as implemented in MrBayes 3.1.2 ...
Tanichthys kuehnei, new species, is described from a stream in the Bach Ma Mountains in Hue Province in Central Vietnam. The new species differs from its congeners by having more branched rays in anal fin (9 1 / 2 vs. 7-8 1 / 2 in T. micagemmae and 8 1 / 2 in T. albonubes and T. thacbaensis). Morphological and genetic characters suggest it to be closer related to T. micagemmae, the only other species of Tanichthys known from Central Vietnam. Tanichthys kuehnei differs from T. micagemmae by having a white anal-fin margin (vs. red).
... To date, cytogenetic reports in Botiidae are limited to conventional Giemsa-stained karyotypes or basic chromosome counts [42,44,[47][48][49], while molecular cytogenetic data like those scarcely published in sister loach groups (namely Cobitidae and Nemacheilidae; [50][51][52][53][54][55]) are yet non-existent for this lineage. ...
... Alignments of all three genes were concatenated into a single 3020 bp dataset (1116 bp of cyt b, 910 bp of RAG1 and 994 bp of IRBP). The sequences with GenBank accession numbers KU517025-KU517132 were published in Bohlen et al. [49]. Newly obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers MF681728 to MF681780. ...
... The present study gives the first karyotype description of B. almorhae, B. udomritthiruji and L. microphthalma, while karyotypes of further six species were described formerly and are revised here. The remaining species under study, namely L. guilinensis, S. pulchra and S. zebra, had been karyologically examined in our previous work [49]. In addition, the present study extended for the first time the basic karyology in this fish group by mapping of tandemly repeated DNA sequences in all species under study. ...
Polyploidization has played an important role in the evolution of vertebrates, particularly at the base of Teleostei–an enormously successful ray-finned fish group with additional genome doublings on lower taxonomic levels. The investigation of post-polyploid genome dynamics might provide important clues about the evolution and ecology of respective species and can help to decipher the role of polyploidy per se on speciation. Few studies have attempted to investigate the dynamics of repetitive DNA sequences in the post-polyploid genome using molecular cytogenetic tools in fishes, though recent efforts demonstrated their usefulness. The demonstrably monophyletic freshwater loach family Botiidae, branching to evolutionary diploid and tetraploid lineages separated >25 Mya, offers a suited model group for comparing the long-term repetitive DNA evolution. For this, we integrated phylogenetic analyses with cytogenetical survey involving Giemsa- and Chromomycin A3 (CMA3)/DAPI stainings and fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S/45S rDNA, U2 snDNA and telomeric probes in representative sample of 12 botiid species.
The karyotypes of all diploids were composed of 2n = 50 chromosomes, while majority of tetraploids had 2n = 4x = 100, with only subtle interspecific karyotype differences. The exceptional karyotype of Botia dario (2n = 4x = 96) suggested centric fusions behind the 2n reduction. Variable patterns of FISH signals revealed cases of intraspecific polymorphisms, rDNA amplification, variable degree of correspondence with CMA3⁺ sites and almost no phylogenetic signal. In tetraploids, either additivity or loci gain/loss was recorded. Despite absence of classical interstitial telomeric sites, large blocks of interspersed rDNA/telomeric regions were found in diploids only.
We uncovered different molecular drives of studied repetitive DNA classes within botiid genomes as well as the advanced stage of the re-diploidization process in tetraploids. Our results may contribute to link genomic approach with molecular cytogenetic analyses in addressing the origin and mechanism of this polyploidization event.
... The species S. reevesae demonstrates extraordinary similarities in morphological traits with S. superciliaris and there were studies indicated that S. reevesae is also highly genetically similar to S. superciliaris (e.g., Huang, 2014). To date, the studies for the two species are limited, most studies were restricted to basic biology (Li et al., 2011;Pu et al., 2013;Yang & Ding, 2010), karyotype analysis (Yue et al., 2013) and molecular phylogenetics (Bohlen et al., 2016;Šlechtová, Bohlen, Freyhof, & Ráb, 2006). Recently, one study reported the microsatellite marker isolation in S. superciliaris based on the Illumina paired-end sequencing technology and the results indicated a relatively high level of genetic diversity for S. superciliaris (Liu, Wang, Xie, & Peng, 2017). ...
Two new species of Leptobotia are here described as L. rotundilobus from the Xin'an‐Jiang of the upper Qiantang‐Jiang basin in both Anhui and Zhejiang Provinces and the Cao'e‐Jiang in Zhejiang Province, and L. paucipinna from the Qing‐Jiang of the middle Chang‐Jiang basin in Hubei Province, South China. Both have a plain brown body as found in L. bellacauda Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2016, L. microphthalma Fu & Ye, 1983, L. posterodorsalis Chen & Lan, 1992 and L. tientainensis (Wu, 1930). The two new species are distinct from these species in vertebral counts, further from L. posterodorsalis in vent placement and further from the other three species in pectoral‐fin length. Both differ in caudal‐fin coloration and shape, and dorsal‐fin location and coloration, and also in internal morphology. Their validity is confirmed by their own monophyly recovered in a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cyt b and COI genes.
Leptobotia micra, new species, is described from the upper Li River (Pearl River basin) around Guilin in Guangxi province, southern China. The new species is evidently the smallest species of Leptobotia, with females of 45‒46 mm SL bearing oocytes. It can be distinguished from all other species of Leptobotia by a combination of the following characters: no dark bars or dorsal saddles on body, a row of white dots along dorsal midline, 4+34 vertebrae, a predorsal distance of 58.1‒59.0% SL, eye diameter 1.8‒2.0 % SL, pelvic fins not reaching anus, an emarginated caudal fin (length of median rays 1.3‒1.4 times in length of lower lobe) and the anus positioned distinctly closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin base.
