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The use of quality indicators is crucial in selling plums in more distant markets and the evaluation of freshness through multiple index is fundamental to evaluate the goodness of the storage technique. In this study we evaluated the quality of two european plums cultivars ('Ramasin' and 'Ariddo di Core' with purple and yellow flesh colour respecti...
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... with findings reported by , but statistically significant lower values (redder fruit) were observed throughout the storage period in respect to control packed fruit. The skin changes from green to yellow color are closely correlated to the chlorophyll degradation process during ripening (ABDI et al., 1997;CRISOSTO et al., 2004) as shown in Fig. 3. The total pigment content, measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, decreases progressively throughout the storage period thus confirming evolution of the ripening processes even at low temperatures (ZUDE-SASSE et al., 2002;SOLOVCHENKO et al., 2005). For each quality control all MAP film tested evidenced to be able to manage the loss ...
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This research aimed to assess the influence of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality characteristics and shelf life of plums. Plums were packed with these gas treatments: (i): storing in 99% N 2 , (ii): storing in 99% CO 2 , (iii): storing in a vacuum, and (iv): storing in the air (control treatment). The experiment featured a complete...
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... CO 2 usporavaju metaboličke procese i senescenciju, što omogućava duže čuvanje plodova uz održavanje kvaliteta (Khan et al., 2018). Uprkos dugogodišnjem prisustvu MAP-a na tržištu i pozitivnim efektima na fizičke osobine voća dokazanih u različitim studijama (Mir et al., 2018), neznatan je broj istraživanja o uticaju MAPa na osobine plodova šljive tokom čuvanja, a kada se radi o sortama evropske šljive taj broj je još manji (Sottile et al., 2013;Giuggioli et al., 2016). ...
... Kod sorte Stenli način čuvanja plodova nije uticao na sadržaj RSM, koja se tokom četiri sedmice nije značajno menjala (Tabela 2). Giuggioli et al. (2016) su uočili povećanje sadržaja RSM tokom čuvanja plodova dve sorte evropske šljive, kako kod MAP tako i kod kontrolnih plodova. Autori objašnjavaju da je povećanje sadržaja RSM tokom čuvanja očekivano zbog gubitka vode i razgradnje saharoze. ...
... Ovaj parametar nije se značajnije menjao tokom četiri sedmice skladištenja, bez obzira na način čuvanja plodova (Tabela 1, Tabela 2). U istraživanju Giuggioli et al. (2016) uočen je pad sadržaja ukupnih kiselina tokom čuvanja, pri čemu su MAP plodovi imali veći sadržaj kiselina u poređenju sa kontrolom. Nije uočen jasan uticaj MAP-a na sadržaj ukupnih šećera, invertnih šećera i saharoze kod ispitivanih sorti, a kod sorte Prezident tokom čuvanja nije došlo do statistički značajnih promena navedenih osobina ni kod kontrolnih, ni kod MAP plodova. ...
The effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on preserving fruit
quality of two plum cultivars, ‘President’ and ‘Stanley’, during four weeks of cold
storage was evaluated. Modified atmosphere in MAP bags was created passively
through synergistic action of the fruits’ respiration and permeability of the film to the gases. On the other hand, fruits stored in cold chamber under normal atmosphere conditions represented the control. Analyses of physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of plums and sensory evaluation as well, were performed at harvest and after cold storage. It was observed in both cultivars that control and MAP fruits after cold storage had similar values for the fruit firmness, soluble solids content and total acids content. However, weight loss was significantly lower in MAP fruits in ‘President’ control fruits had more than two-fold higher weight loss in comparison to the MAP fruits, whilst in ‘Stanley’ weight loss was more than three-fold higher in control fruits. The great differences were observed among cultivars in terms of total phenolics content, total anthocyanins content and antioxidant capacity. No clear effect of MAP on the content of bioactive compounds was determined, though. According to the results of the sensory evaluation, MAP did not significantly improve sensory attributes of plums.
... Decreased respiration intensity reduces losses of aroma, flavour, colour and texture and improves the quality of other attributes of the fruit. 4 Although edible coatings such as wax, lard, and chitosan are already available on the market, it is important to seek other alternatives that are economical and easily accessible and do not modify the nutritional properties of the fruits. One such alternative is Aloe vera gel, which minimizes fruit respiration and acts as a barrier to moisture and oxygen, slowing dehydration. ...
The Andes berry (Rubus glaucus Benth) has an ongoing production in Colombia and is considered a competitive market product with the potential for exportation and broad applications in agroindustry because of its high content of antioxidants, nutrients, and proteins, which are keys to a balanced diet. In this study, the effect of an Aloe vera gel coating on the preservation of the nutraceutical properties of the Andes berry was evaluated by measuring the antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic content of the fruit using the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. The antioxidant activities in fruits without and with coating were 95.14 ± 3.28 mmol AAE 100 g-1 sample and 135.94 ± 1.09 mmol AAE 100 g-1 sample, respectively, after ten day of storage. The total phenolic content of the fruits with and without coating did not present significant differences, i.e., the phenol concentrations remained constant over time. Implementation of the gel coating is recommended as a low-cost and highly available option for the preservation of the Andes berry and its nutraceutical properties.
... The 'Angeleno' plums stored under active MAP with 10.0 kPa of O 2 + 5 kPa of CO 2 showed a reduced mass loss and maintained biochemical and nutraceutical attributes for 60 days cold storage at 1 °C (Peano et al. 2017). Similarly, 'Ariddo di Core' and 'Ramasin' European plums showed delayed color changes, higher firmness, SSC, TA, and chlorophyll contents for 21 days cold storage at 1 °C under MAP conditions (Giuggioli et al. 2016). Likewise, the storage of 'Laetitia' plums in low-density polyethylene MAP bags with CO 2 absorber resulted in an enhanced cold storage life for 60 days at 0.5 °C (Table 3; Stanger et al. 2017). ...
Plums are highly perishable fruit. The short postharvest life confines their supply to distant markets. Among various factors, rapid softening, higher respiration, and ethylene production are most critical for the safe and prolonged storage of plums. The short postharvest life poses a serious restraint for its proper storage and transportation. The rapid postharvest fruit softening and successive microbial infestations lead to significant economic losses during supply chain and marketing of plums. The storage of plums under low temperature is recommended for the extension of its storage life. However, the extended low-temperature storage leads to various physiological disorders, such as chilling injury, internal browning, flesh reddening, abnormal ripening, gel formation, reddish discoloration, flesh breakdown, increased decay, and the loss of consumer acceptance. Adopting improved production and postharvest management protocols, as well as in-depth understanding of the physiology of plum fruit, may facilitate the extension of storage life and maintenance of its quality.
... The 'Angeleno' plums store un er active MAP with 10.0 kPa o O 2 + 5 kPa o CO 2 showe a re uce mass loss an maintaine biochemical an nutraceutical attributes or 60 ays col storage at 1 °C (Peano et al. 2017). Similarly, 'Ari o i Core' an 'Ramasin' European plums showe elaye color changes, higher rmness, SSC, TA, an chlorophyll contents or 21 ays col storage at 1 °C un er MAP con itions (Giuggioli et al. 2016). Likewise, the storage o 'Laetitia' plums in low-ensity polyethylene MAP bags with CO 2 absorber resulte in an enhance col storage li e or 60 ays at 0.5 °C (Table 3; Stanger et al. 2017). ...
This book is the most recent collection of research and scientific literature exclusively dedicated to lime (Rutaceae) culture and the marketplace. The coverage of each subject area is broad, ranging from basic cultivation practices to postharvest handling to uses, which makes it the best choice for amateurs and professionals alike. Chapter 1 emphasizes lime importance and global production, while chapter 2 covers its comprehensive systematic classification and distribution. In chapter 3, lime breeding, genetics and biodiversity are discussed; and in chapter 4, lime tree growth, development and reproductive physiology are elaborated. In chapter 5, propagation techniques, nursery production and certification are explained, while in chapter 6, schematic planning for lime orchard establishment is discussed. In chapter 7, crop water requirements, irrigation systems and fertigation are highlighted; and in chapter 8, cultural practices, e.g. tree pruning, thinning, weeding, planting density and intercropping, are covered. In chapter 9, precision agriculture in lime is elaborated; and in chapter 10, insect pests and diseases and their control measures are covered. In chapter 11, innovative production technologies, e.g. the use of plant growth regulators, remote sensing and organic production systems, are highlighted. In Chapter 12, harvesting and postharvest management of lime fruit are emphasized; and in chapter 13, the uses (folk to modern) and future dynamics are discussed in depth. With the latest information presented in simple language, this book will appeal to a range of principal users, e.g. educators, researchers, students, agriculture extension workers, farming communities, industry personnel and professionals/practitioners.
Plums are a large group of closely related stone fruit species and hybrids of worldwide economic importance and diffusion. This review deals with the main aspects concerning plum agrobiodiversity and its relationship with current and potential contributions offered by breeding in enhancing plum varieties. The most recent breeding achievements are revised according to updated information proceeding from relevant scientific reports and official inventories of plum genetic resources. A special emphasis has been given to the potential sources of genetic traits of interest for breeding programs as well as to the need for efficient and coordinated efforts aimed at efficaciously preserving the rich and underexploited extant plum agrobiodiversity. The specific objective of this review was to: (i) analyze and possibly evaluate the degree of biodiversity existing in the cultivated plum germplasm, (ii) examine the set of traits of prominent agronomic and pomological interest currently targeted by the breeders, and (iii) determine how and to what extent this germplasm was appropriately exploited in breeding programs or could represent concrete prospects for the future.
Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the biological constraints responsible for lowering the production and quality of stone fruit. They cause severe losses to stone fruits all over the world. These nematodes are soilborne microscopic organisms that attack plant roots. They puncture plant roots with the help of their stylet and remove cell contents, and as a result, the capacity of such damaged roots to uptake water and nutrients is drastically reduced. The symptoms exhibited by the affected plants include retarded growth, wilting, and predisposition to infection by other pathogens. The major nematodes of stone fruits are root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.), ring nematode (Criconemella spp.), dagger nematodes (Xiphinema spp.), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus spp.), and pin nematode (Paratylenchus spp.). The growth of peach can be suppressed by 5000 Criconemella xenoplax/100 g soil. Similarly, Pratylenchus vulnus can suppress the yield of peach by 16%. In cherry and plum, the damage threshold limit for Pratylenchus penetrans is 80/100 g soil and 320/100 g soil, respectively. Besides, nematodes such as Xiphinema sp. and Longidorus sp. are reported to transmit cherry leaf roll virus. Nematodes also aggravate the disease in the presence of other microorganisms. Meloidogyne javanica is reported to increase the incidence of crown gall of peach roots caused by bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Therefore, strategic management practices are advised to be adopted to overcome the menace of these tiny microorganisms. These include physical, cultural, biological, and chemical methods. However, the integration of all these methods has been found to yield better results in comparison to any individual practice.
Abiotic changes in fruits which are associated with climatic or management practices are known as physiological disorders. These are commonly found in temperate fruits during their development on the tree and during storage. The disorders can be found in storage also without having any trace of them during the developmental stages of the fruit. Stone fruits which comprise peach, nectarines, plum, apricot and cherry are greatly affected by the occurrence of the physiological disorders which reduce their consumer acceptability and market value. Temperate fruit develops many physiological disorders during their developmental stages with all of them exhibiting particular symptoms. However, the processes involved in the development of these disorders have not been completely understood as of now. Some of the commonly observed physiological disorders in stone fruits are internal breakdown, gummosis, split and shattered pits, fruit discoloration, gel breakdown and pit burning in apricots, fruit cracking in cherry, etc. Proper identification, understanding the biology and correction measures like adaption of resistant varieties and proper cultural practices will help the farmers in reducing the losses due to these disorders.
Stone fruits respire at a higher rate and are soon perishable when kept at room temperature. Apart from the deterioration caused due to ripening activity, the stone fruits are also notified as delicate fruits due to their smooth peel which gets bruised immediately by impact or friction. The management of these two major factors can help in the regulation of physiological, biochemical and pathological activities of stone fruits. Packaging and storage are considered as major criteria to be taken into consideration in managing fruit deterioration. The recent scientific developments in the field of packaging and storage have brought new innovative process and recommendations which can enhance the storage/shelf life of stone fruits as well as maintain the quality for a longer period. The commodity packed gets the better acceptance by the consumer as it reduces the bruising caused at various stages of the supply chain and provides the produce at convenient sizes and packs required, whereas the storage ultimately keeps the fruits with maximum quality and availability for an extended period. The packaging and storage can be complementary to each other when the stakeholder at each stage of the supply chain knows what type of package is more suitable for a certain type of storage conditions and vice versa. In this chapter, we tried to pool up the scientific information and recommendations which can suit different stakeholders in using a varied type of packaging and storages for stone fruits. The packaging and storage of stone fruits such as mango, plum, peach, apricot, sweet cherry, litchi, almond and dates, covering all the three major climate zones, are discussed in this chapter.
