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Chickpea varieties evaluated and selected by farmers' participatory variety selection (FPVS) in Ethiopia
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Innovative partnership in chickpea seed production and technology dissemination was assessed in increasing chickpea productivity through facilitated access to quality seed. The study was designed to evaluate the benefits gained from partnership implemented for the last 10 years in chickpea technology by seed system of crop production. Farmers' part...
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... Maximum seed emergence in dryland environments, necessitates a soil moisture content equivalent to field capacity (Anonymous, 2022b). The use of improved chickpea varieties plays a vital role in increased chickpea productivity (Chichaybelu et al., 2018). The characteristics of highquality seed can boost the chickpea yield up to 40 % (Mulat et al., 2022). ...
Selection of suitable tillage technique can ensure most productive use of available hill torrent water in spate irrigated areas for improved crop productivity and profitability. During rabi season 2021-22, a field study on chickpea was undertaken in Vidor hill torrent command area of Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan. In this experiment three cultivars of chickpea viz Bittle-2016, Thal-2020 and Bhakhar-2011 were evaluated under spate irrigated conditions along with local cultivar (Farmer practice) for comparison. Tillage practices at the seedbed preparation stage evaluated were cultivator and rotavator as follows i.e. T1= Two turns of cultivator (Farmer practice), T2=Three turns of cultivator, T3=Two turns of cultivator + one turn of rotavator, T4= one turn of cultivator + one turn of rotavator. The experiment was conducted under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement and treatments were replicated three times. Soil moisture was measured through gravimetric method and chickpea yield parameters were estimated as per standard procedures. The means were tested for significance using HSD Tuckey’s test at 5 % level of probability. Results revealed that cultivars and tillage practices showed significant variations for tested parameters. In this experiment maximum soil moisture conservation, number of branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed yield (kg ha-1) and harvest index (%) were observed from Farmer practice i.e. 2 turns of cultivator under local cultivar used. Moreover, comparatively similar results were revealed from the plots where 3 turns of cultivator was run and Thal-2020 cultivar was grown under the local conditions of Vidor hill torrent command area of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Plots where 2 turns cultivator was used, the maximum benefit cost ratio (BCR, 1.85) was observed from local cultivar (Farmer practice). Moreover, among newly tested cultivars, Thal-2020 showed encouraging results in terms of soil moisture contents, yield attributes with BCR 1.73 in plots where 2 turns cultivator was run. Under the prevailing agro normals of spate irrigated conditions of Vidor hill torrent command area, farmers should use 2 turns of cultivator with local cultivar. However, more research is needed to acclimatize latest varieties of chickpea after adaptability trials.
... The author doesn't analyze the effect of extension approaches such as participation on field day, training, and demonstration on the use of improved chickpea seeds. Innovative partnership in chickpea seed production and technology dissemination in Ethiopia was assessed by Chichaybelu et al. (2018). The authors reported that innovative approaches such as Farmers' Participatory Variety Selection (FPVS) plays critical role in increasing chickpea productivity through facilitated access to quality seed using qualitative analysis (Chichaybelu et al., 2018). ...
... Innovative partnership in chickpea seed production and technology dissemination in Ethiopia was assessed by Chichaybelu et al. (2018). The authors reported that innovative approaches such as Farmers' Participatory Variety Selection (FPVS) plays critical role in increasing chickpea productivity through facilitated access to quality seed using qualitative analysis (Chichaybelu et al., 2018). However, the finding doesn't examine the effect of socioeconomic and institutional factors for the use of improved chickpea seeds. ...
Purpose: The use of improved seeds is one of the most important factors among the others to increase the production and productivity of crops. However, the use of improved chickpea seeds by smallholder farmers remains low. These resulted in lower productivity of chickpea by smallholder farmers. The factors contributing to the low rate of use of improved chickpea seed in the study area are to be analyzed. Research Method: To achieve the objective of the study, a multi-stage sampling technique was employed. The sample size was determined using the Yamane formula, and 140 sampled households were randomly selected. A proportionate sample of the population was used to determine the size of sample from each kebele . These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model. Findings: The results revealed that 55.71% of respondents are users of improved chickpea seeds. The logistic regression result shows that the use of improved chickpea seed by smallholder farmers is determined by the availability and price of improved seeds, size of land holdings, participation in a field visit, frequency of extension service, proximity to the market, and attractiveness of the market price. The marginal effect result indicates that a unit change in access to improved seeds, participation in a field visit, land size, and seed cost increases the probability of using improved chickpea seed by 40.76%, 11.86%, 11.26%, and 4.27% respectively, among others. Research Limitations: The study was conducted in one geographical area using cross-sectional data. This finding does not show the trends of adoption in the study area or its implications in different parts of the region. Originality/Value: The findings of the study are novel and relatively new to the given geographical area. This study reported specific and new findings on factors that affect the use of improved chickpea seeds in the study area. The findings are important as a source of information for decision-makers, development practitioners, and researchers.
... However, all samples from the Ada'a region consisted of improved kabuli type chickpea varieties, which may be due to the promotion of new technologies by the Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center and the higher concentration of farmers' seed producer associations in the Oromia region [43]. The use of improved kabuli type chickpea by farmers in Debre Zeitt Zurya in Oromia may be due to the promotion of new technologies by the Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center and the higher concentration of farmers' seed producer associations in the Oromia region, where 13 out of 20 legal associations are located [44]. On the other hand, the prevalence of local desi varieties across all study districts may be attributed to various factors, such as insufficient knowledge, limited market demand, worries about plant theft for green pods, inadequate access to superior chickpea varieties, or the unavailability of improved variety seeds [43]. ...
This survey aimed to investigate the extent of insect infestations, associated losses, and insect species abundance in farm-stored chickpea seeds across five chickpea growing districts in Ethiopia. Despite being the largest producer, consumer, and exporter of chickpea in Africa, insect pest infestations have caused significant losses to Ethiopia's chickpea industry. Results showed that Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) was the most prevalent insect species, followed by Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium confusum (J. du Val). The insect pests infested both local and improved chickpea varieties, and traditional containers and polypropylene bags were used for storage. The percentage of insect-damaged seed ranged from 4.61% to 14.48%, while the seed weight loss ranging from 1.13% to 4.55%. The range of seed germination percentages was from 65% to 88%, with a mean rate of 71%. These losses significantly affect the market value of the crop as grain and its use as seed, affecting farmers' income and food security. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective solutions to prevent the loss of farm-stored chickpea in Ethiopia.
... We chose this variable because the utilization status of improved seed varieties has a greater potential to influence the production level. Evidence supports our contention that using improved varieties of chickpea seed plays a prominent role in increased production and productivity (Chichaybelu et al., 2018;Eshete and Fikre, 2014). Citrus paribus, the characteristics of quality seed can contribute up to 40% to productivity enhancement (EIAR, 2020). ...
... Instead, improved chickpea seed varieties are distributed by the Tsehay Union and Gondar Agricultural Research Center (GARC) through farmer-based seed production. Findings reveal that farmers' seed producer associations cover the lion's share of the seed supply and became an innovative approach that enhanced the chickpea seed system (Chichaybelu et al., 2018). The evidence shows that the seed producer cooperatives and local seed businesses have mechanisms to ensure the quality parameter of seeds through the seed quality control committee (EIAR, 2020). ...
In Ethiopian, pulses are the second top most grain crops, of which chickpea takes the first place. However, chickpea production by smallholder farmers has been facing several constraints and this has not been adequately studied using the appropriate techniques. As a result, this study used Henry Garrett’s ranking technique to analyze and rank constraints in the production of chickpeas. . Using the multistage sampling technique, the data were gathered from 140 randomly chosen samples. The findings indicate the smallholder chickpea producers face input, marketing, economic, institutional, and environmental constraints. As to the Henry Garrett’s ranking, higher price of seed (65%), higher price of chemicals (64.3%), delays in supply of improved seed (64%), capital shortage (60.5%), shortage of improved seed (58%), and disease infestation (56.4%) are the major constraints noted in average values. It is noted that. The study concludes that ranking constraints using the Henry Garrett technique are better as compared to simple frequencies. Key prerequisites for a robust chickpea production include addressing of constraints relating to irregularity and shortage in the supply of improved chickpea seed varieties, higher cost of inputs, diseases and pests, and inability to access in-kind credit.
... Chickpea is an important crop for human well-being throughout the world both in terms of nutritional security and food security (Burman et al., 2010;Considine et al., 2017;Shari et al., 2018). In Ethiopia, chickpea has also a critical contribution to attaining food and nutritional security of smallholder farmers (Atnaf et al., 2015;Chichaybelu et al., 2018). During the 2012/2013 production season, about 1.1 million smallholder farmers have been cultivating the crop (Atnaf et al., 2015). ...
... These figures imply that chickpea productivity has increased over time even though the share of chickpea in terms of grain crop area and grain production has decreased. The national chickpea productivity doubled during 2006-2015 and attained a peak of 1.9ton ha -1 in 2014 (Chichaybelu et al., 2018). The increased productivity of chickpea may be due to the use of improved agricultural technologies. ...
... Authors such as Asfaw et al. (2011) argued that the adoption of improved agricultural technologies has a significant positive impact on farmers' integration into the output market as a result of increased productivity. Among improved agricultural technologies, the use of improved chickpea varieties plays a prominent role in increased productivity (Beyene et al., 2014;Chichaybelu et al., 2018). The attributes of quality seed can contribute up to 40% to productivity enhancement, keeping other productivity factors constant (EIAR, 2020). ...
Chickpea provides numerous benefits to smallholder households in different ways. Increasing access to improved seed has the potential to improve the productivity of chickpea in Ethiopia. In the chickpea seed supply chain, understanding the seed source and actors' role is important for providing quality and improved chickpea seed to farmers through creating effective seed supply chain mechanisms. The present study was carried out at Gondar Zuria Woreda in 2018. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed for the random selection of 140 sample households for individual interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative approaches. From the present study, it is possible to note that the only source of improved chickpea pre-basic and basic seeds in the study Woreda is Debre-Zeit Agricultural Research Center. Gondar Agricultural Research Center (GARC), Tsehay Farmers' Cooperative Union, and the University of Gondar play a dominant role in improved chickpea seed production and marketing. However, these institutions have been facing a shortage of supplying breeder and pre-basic seeds. It can be concluded that the involvement of different actors in the supply chain contributes a lot to accessing improved chickpea seeds for smallholder farmers. Therefore, the governmental and non-governmental organizations should work strongly to build the capacity of seed producer cooperatives and clustered smallholder farmers.
... We chose this variable because the utilization status of improved seed varieties has a greater potential to influence the production level. Evidence supports our contention that using improved varieties of chickpea seed plays a prominent role in increased production and productivity (Chichaybelu et al., 2018;Eshete and Fikre, 2014). Citrus paribus, the characteristics of quality seed can contribute up to 40% to productivity enhancement (EIAR, 2020). ...
... Instead, improved chickpea seed varieties are distributed by the Tsehay Union and Gondar Agricultural Research Center (GARC) through farmer-based seed production. Findings reveal that farmers' seed producer associations cover the lion's share of the seed supply and became an innovative approach that enhanced the chickpea seed system (Chichaybelu et al., 2018). The evidence shows that the seed producer cooperatives and local seed businesses have mechanisms to ensure the quality parameter of seeds through the seed quality control committee (EIAR, 2020). ...
... It is cosmopolitan distribution [11] and around 40% of economic defects are caused by this pest globally [12]. Global population increasing day by day as the results we required twice the food production [13]. ...
The insecticidal bio-efficacy of Lamiaceae essential oils (LEOs) and its major compounds (MCs) were tested against mosquitoes (Aedes vittatus and Anopheles maculates) and agricultural pests (Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera). The naturally gained LEOs were confirmed through GC-MS analysis. The larval and pupal toxicity of LEOs and their major compounds LC50/LC90 value was calculated by standard protocol. A total of 54, 47 and 31 compounds were identified from M. officinalis, L. latifolia and O. majorana, respectively. The MCs of LEOs: (M. officinalis) 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)- (29.4354%) and Caryophyllene (20.2749%); (L. latifolia) 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl- (34.4992%) and 1-Cyclohexyl-2-buten-1-ol (c,t) (38.0339%); (O. majorana) Eucalyptol (57.1278%) and p-menth-1-en-8-ol (17.9683%). The LEOs and their MCs were tested individually against larvae and pupae of Ae. vittatus, An. maculates, S. litura and H. armigera, which produced maximum toxic effects. Predominantly, the MCs were safer to the non-target organisms and target-specific insecticidal properties against selected insect pests. On the whole, our findings highlight that LEOs and their MCs represent promising eco-friendly and target specific insecticidal activities.
... This emanates from its complex product development and transaction processes creating multiple opportunities so that different segments of Agronomy 2020, 10, 1707 7 of 22 societies can share them both in space and time. In Ethiopia, for instance, green pod marketing involves at least five value junctions [36], grain produce involves more than 10 value junctions [22], processed ready-to-use products in powder or whole-grain form have about 15 value junctions, and the seed chain has about five value junctions [46]. At each value junction, small or large scale, there are different (some of them new) actors involved. ...
... Weak policy support, poor access to credit, poor market access, poor access to inputs, weak seed and agro-business system [15,46,49,52,65,71] ...
... A sustainable seed system facilitates access to seeds of improved varieties by farmers. The chickpea seed business could be profitable and sustainable [46,66]. However, the chickpea seed system in SSA, as for many other legumes, remains weak and far from sustainable. ...
Chickpea is a nutrition-rich, cropping-system friendly, climate-resilient, and low-cost production crop. It has large economic potential in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region, where it currently accounts for only approximately half a million hectares of the approximately 12 million hectares of total chickpea production land worldwide. This review highlights the opportunities for promoting chickpea production and marketing to tap the vast economic potential in SSA. The region can potentially produce chickpea on approximately 10 million hectares, possibly doubling the global production, and the region could become one of the highest consumption geographies of this healthy crop. Chickpea could easily be integrated into existing cropping systems including rice-fallows and cereal monocropping systems. Successful cases studies of the crop in the region are highlighted. The region could tap into the potential at scale through intervention in the agricultural policy environment and development and promotion of improved chickpea production technologies supported by well-organized extension services and sustainable seed systems. These interventions could be complemented with value addition and product quality improvementsÍ for SSA chickpea to benefit from high-value markets.
... The participation of farmers in the breeding programmes has proved to be key strategy towards the promotion of newly introduced crop varieties. According to Chichaybelu et al. (2018) the use of farmers' participatory variety selection (FPVS) approach is being viewed as important aspects in building farmers' confidence on improved chickpea technologies. During the inception of chickpea in Ethiopia, farmers implementing FPVS trials were selected by development agents and trained on chickpea production and trial management. ...
... The participation of farmers in the breeding programmes has proved to be key strategy towards the promotion of newly introduced crop varieties. According to Chichaybelu et al. (2018) the use of farmers' participatory variety selection (FPVS) approach is being viewed as important aspects in building farmers' confidence on improved chickpea technologies. During the inception of chickpea in Ethiopia, farmers implementing FPVS trials were selected by development agents and trained on chickpea production and trial management. ...
